Climate Change | Environmental Problem, Policy And Current Issue

Climate change
Introduction
According to the scientific reports the surface of the Earth has been warming and its temperature
has increased from 1.10 to 1.50 Fahrenheit since the Industrial Revolution that was evaluated after
1880, the Earth’s higher temperatures were experienced since the 1970s. Over the previous
century, the precipitation quantity has increased; while some regions are now becoming wet
others are now becoming dry (Leggett, 2009). Such findings showed how increased
concentrations level of greenhouse gas would influence regional climate.
There have also been changes in ocean temperatures, modified wind cycles, extreme weather,
season timing, glaciers and sea ice melting. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) declared that the warming system of climate was unequivocal. Observational
data collected across the continents together with oceans indicates that the global climate change
affects many natural systems (Anderegg et al., 2010)
Cause of observed climate change
Even though the Earth's climate contains considerable natural variability, the scientific studies
also showed that pollution from activities being carried out by human being could potentially
warm the Planet. The Greenhouse gases (GHGs) would allow the shortwave-length radiation of
the Sun to travel to the surface of the Earth. The radiation would then be absorbed by Earth
and re-emitted as a longer wave-length radiation; this would enable the GHG to trap and stores
the heat in the Earth's atmosphere. A process called "greenhouse effect." The GHG that would be

experienced naturally would warm the surface of the Earth to sustainable temperature (Schmidt
et al., 2010).
Studies indicate that several observed changes in Earth's surface temperatures relate to solar
variability, particularly in earlier 1900s. A couple of studies suggest that solar variation led 10 to
40 percent of the detected 20th century transition. Further research will also be needed to
measure how such proposed causes, such as galactic cosmic rays, lead to the climate change
observed (Singh, Siingh and Singh, 2011).
Scientist believe that high temperatures and Earth's warming experienced as from 1970s was as a
result of human activity's GHG emissions, particularly fossil fuels used, land clearing and also
chemical processes in the industries that emits toxic gases.
Impact of climate change
A broad variety of uncertainty would surround the impact forecasts and essential conditions for
nonlinear or unexpected impacts in particular. Many climate change effects would be projected
to be positive at some places with a few degrees of warming like improved agricultural
production in some areas, opening of the Northwest shipping Passage opened and extraction of
resources (Tabor and Williams, 2010).
The highly adverse impacts that would be experienced would include; lowering agricultural
production in several areas, drought, higher cooling requirements and Sea level rise. Risks
associated with sudden and unexpected climate change would be expected to rise as the
global temperature also rises, and would drive natural and cultural-economic structures beyond
key tolerance thresholds (Vano et al., 2010).

Climate change in certain areas would likely cause significant changes in the system
of ecological and services, and can contribute to ecosystem surprises. The loss of certain types of
regional ecosystems would also increase the risk of species extinction, particularly those with
restricted geographical or climatic habitats, and where established ecosystem are disintegrating
Mitigations
To mitigate potential greenhouse gas threats, several experts have recommended on measures to
be taken to reduce GHG concentrations in the atmosphere or to stabilize them; any degree of
stabilization would be correlated with a variety of possible temperature effects (Aldy et al.,
2020).
Reduction on the various rates of economic activity would minimize CO2 emissions. It has a
significant impact on decreasing social security revenue, loss and consumption.
The other alternatives would adjust the output consumption to benefit from less intensive
activities of CO2. This could be achieved in different ways, such as changing the consumption
structure or reducing the proportion of CO2 intensive products in total production.

Position argument
I totally agree with the scientific evidence pointed out regarding the causes of climate change.
The evidence provides sufficient and fact information on how the greenhouse gases emitted
would cause global warming. The debate that criticizes the scientific prove of climate change
and the alternative approaches of global warming explanations does not have concrete reasons to
provide wise choice of action on what would result to climate change and mitigation measures to
be taken. The scientific approach point out on what should be done urgently by the nations to
cut-off the emission of greenhouse into the atmosphere in order to reduce the severe effect of
climate change.

Bibliography
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mitigation policy. Journal of Economic Literature, 48(4), pp.903-34.
Anderegg, W.R., Prall, J.W., Harold, J. and Schneider, S.H., 2010. Expert credibility in climate
change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(27), pp.12107-12109.
Leggett, J.A., 2009. Climate change: current issues and policy tools. DIANE Publishing.
Schmidt, G.A., Ruedy, R.A., Miller, R.L. and Lacis, A.A., 2010. Attribution of the present‐day
total greenhouse effect. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 115(D20).
Singh, A.K., Siingh, D. and Singh, R.P., 2011. Impact of galactic cosmic rays on Earth’s
atmosphere and human health. Atmospheric Environment, 45(23), pp.3806-3818.
Tabor, K. and Williams, J.W., 2010. Globally downscaled climate projections for assessing the
conservation impacts of climate change. Ecological Applications, 20(2), pp.554-565.
Vano, J.A., Scott, M.J., Voisin, N., Stöckle, C.O., Hamlet, A.F., Mickelson, K.E., Elsner, M.M.
and Lettenmaier, D.P., 2010. Climate change impacts on water management and irrigated
agriculture in the Yakima River Basin, Washington, USA. Climatic Change, 102(1-2), pp.287-
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