Impact of Climate Change on Public Health Sector in Jordan

This report discusses the impact of climate change on the public health sector in Jordan, including severe water scarcity and power outrages. The report highlights the negative impact of climate change on natural resources, depletion of ground water, and rise in sea levels. The report also discusses the health-related issues arising in Jordan due to extremities of greenhouse gases.

Impact of climate change on the
public health sector in Jordan

Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
STUDY PROBLEM........................................................................................................................1
SIGNFICANCE OF STUDY...........................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................2
METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................3
ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION....................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5
Online...........................................................................................................................................6

ABSTRACT
Climate change is the main reason for prolonged temperature shifts and irregularities in
weather patterns in a certain geographical area. To combat these environmental issues, it is
crucial to implement an effective public health response mechanism. The persistent change in the
climatic conditions in Jordan has led to severe water scarcity and power outrages. These factors
have negatively impacted the natural resources in the city of Jordan including depletion of
ground water and rise in sea levels. There are various health related issues arising in Jordan due
to extremities of greenhouse gases.
INTRODUCTION
Climate change is defined as the long term shift of weather patterns and temperature. The
driving factor responsible for climate change are human activities. The burning of fossil fuels
enables the emission of greenhouse gases that wrap the atmosphere of the earth. Climate change
has the ability to affect the human health and increase global warming (Abu Qdais, Abdulla and
Kurbatova, 2019). The emission of greenhouse gases is the reason why the sun's heat is trapped
inside the Earth's atmosphere. This report highlights a systematic literature review analysis about
the impact of climate change on public heath sector in Jordan. The discussion also revolves
around the recommendations and methodologies for the occurrence of climate change.
STUDY PROBLEM
The prevention of illnesses and injuries caused by climate change is the main reason for
the implementation of public health response (El-Hiary, 2021). There are various negative
effects associated with global climate change such as rising surface temperatures, increased
variability of the climate and rising sea levels. These unusual conditions of weather and climate
impacts human health sector in a variety of ways. Climate change affects each and every aspect
of the public health sector including the health care systems, carrying out the burden of treating
people experiencing symptoms of global warming and climate change. Research evidence proves
that health care facilities often face difficulties in their operations due to power outrages, floods.
These consequences inhibit the delivery of appropriate quality of care to the patients in Jordan
(Shah, Wirkus and Swatuk, 2018). The city of Jordan, situated in the Middle East, is highly
sensitive to aridity and water scarcity. The climate change in Jordan has serious impacts that
exacerbate this issue apart from rapid population growth. The problem related to water resources
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in Jordan includes the reduction of quantity of water in reservoirs. There is a potential decrease
observed in the groundwater levels because of which the city is more likely to experience even
more water scarcity. The primary form of occupation in this country is the agricultural sector,
which is specially threatened by climate change. Some major hazards due to changes in
temperature include floods, droughts, earthquakes and heatwaves (Amani and et. al., 2022).
SIGNFICANCE OF STUDY
A religious study about climate change helps researchers predict the weather conditions
and the complications arising due to warming of temperatures. The effects of rise in global
temperatures can be identified and appropriate measures can be undertaken to tackle the
problem. The impact of irregularities in the climate is directly observed on nature and human
civilisation (Abd-Elmabod and et. al., 2020). There is a huge impact of climate change observed
on water resources in Jordan. The quality and quantity of water is of utmost importance in
Jordan due to persistent scarcity arising from depletion of available renewable resources.
According to a research conducted by WHO, the availability of renewable resources is about to
fall less than 91 m3/c.d. The increasing consumption of natural and renewable resources by
rapidly growing population has lead to worsening the impact of climate change causing
depletion of resources available for human kind (Steinberg and et. al., 2020). The country is
experiencing extreme scarcity of water due to fluctuations in the annual precipitation rate,
because of which the intensity of heat waves is becoming more and more prominent. The
temperature in Jordan is rapidly decreasing which is one sole reason for trapping of infrared
terrestrial radiation, accounting for global warming. Increase in the variability of climate results
in the occurrence of extreme disasters such as loss of soil fertility, erosion of soil and heat stress
on the fauna of Jordan (McDermott-Levy and et. al., 2019).
LITERATURE REVIEW
Climate Change in Jordan: A Comprehensive Examination Approach, 2009 [Online] Available
through:<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26624028_Climate_Change_in_Jordan
_A_Comprehensive_Examination_Approach >
A systematic literature review analysis was conducted on article given above to evaluate
a comprehensive approach towards the intensity of climate change in Jordan. This article was
published by Moshrik R. Hamdi, 2009. The article reports that the intensity of climate change is
aggravated by the conditions of water scarcity in the country of Jordan. These conditions have
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also negatively impacted the safety of rural and urban households. The erratic patterns of
rainfall, rapid growth of population along with increased atmospheric temperatures have
aggravated the country's vulnerability to climate risks. High fluctuations in annual precipitation
are the major cause of harsh water shortage in various parts of the Jordan. Additionally,
frequency of heat waves raising problem in the geographical area (Callahan and et. al., 2021).
Reduced precipitation and strong summer heat waves are being considered as the cause of
increasing global warming. Water supply need to be regulated to continue the existence of
human race in Jordan. Government decided to adopt strategies in order to treat wastewater. But
is an important health risk factor which needs the implementation of hygiene practices. Many
cost-effective adaptation and health protection measures were taken into consideration like;
treated waste water supplied to sort out the purpose of agricultural production, increase
awareness among people to preserve water and utilise the resource wisely (O’Riordan and
Jordan, 2019) . Increase approach to reuse wastewater; increased the risk of infection or
contamination through waterborne pathogens. As well agricultural products produced from
contaminated water can worsen the health situation by causing intestinal disease, farmers and
consumers get exposed to toxic harmful chemicals. High heat waves remarks the increase in
temperature which may cause many health problems like digestion disturbance, heat stoke,
disturbed body temperature, skin problems and eye problems in people who suffer from
photosensitivity (Qdais and et. al., 2019). Disruptions in climate change may include risk of
increased cardiovascular and respiratory disease, injuries and premature deaths relevant to worst
weather conditions, changes in geographical distribution of water- and food borne- diseases and
other infectious problems which may cause threat to mental health also. Changes in temperature
at a specific geographical location results in changing water temperatures that may produce a
favourable environment for many harmful bacteria and toxins to promote their growth at
different times of the year (Weko and Schuch, 2021). Extreme weather conditions and high heat
waves can induce the risk of generation of harmful gases in environment that impacts the health
of population living in Jordan.
METHODOLOGY
In this research work, the secondary research method is used which may helpful in order
to create the aspect where data and information is collected from the article and journals which
act as second source of data. With this all, qualitative data is well used in order to provide
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information which is related with concept, model and theoretical formwork which is used within
project or research work (Hamed and Bressler, 2019). As per this, non-numerical data is showing
qualitative data as the part of secondary resource of method. These methods are common for the
research work which allow to state the further evaluation and create aspect for the proper data
and information that configure within research work.
ANALYSIS
From above report it has been analysed that fast changing climate in Jordan becoming a
big issue in recent times. Water scarcity due to high fluctuations in precipitation and increased
global warming putting a major impact in worsening the weather of Jordan. High heat waves,
high temperature serves a challenging environment to the community (Abu Hamour, 2021) .
Water scarcity and aridity render Jordan environmentally sensitive to climate change. These
highly fluctuations in climate highly impacts the physical and mental health of the individuals
bearing the environment. Adaptations to change the climate of Jordan include the sectors of
agriculture, coastal areas management, water, land use, health and tourism (Shareef, 2020) .
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
In above discussion of this report, it has been concluded that climate change are closely
related to health conditions. In case of Jordan climate changes leads to scarcity of water and high
temperature in the region. WE have analysed that many strategies have been adopted by
government of Jordan to control and regulate water scarcity and preventive measures have been
taken to prevent the health of the population. It has been recommended to take measures to
control climatic changes in Jordan. To control increasing temperature government should ban the
use of electrical equipments in house which eliminate harmful gases like CFC in environment
like refrigerators and air conditioners. It is important to promote reforestation in region to handle
the issue of water scarcity in region. Restoration of forest will result in reducing temperature and
increase water holding capacity of soil. People in Jordan should be aware to use natural
resources wisely and should avoid to waste resources as much as possible.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Abd-Elmabod, S.K., Muñoz-Rojas, M., Jordán, A., Anaya-Romero, M., Phillips, J.D., Jones, L.,
Zhang, Z., Pereira, P., Fleskens, L., van Der Ploeg, M. and de la Rosa, D., 2020. Climate
change impacts on agricultural suitability and yield reduction in a Mediterranean
region. Geoderma, 374, p.114453.
Abu Hamour, A., 2021. Assessing the Utility of the Paris Agreement in Context of Severe Water
Scarcity in Jordan (Doctoral dissertation, ResearchSpace@ Auckland).
Abu Qdais, H., Abdulla, F. and Kurbatova, A., 2019. Wastewater reuse in Jordan and its
potential as an adaptation measure to climate change. Journal of Environmental
Engineering and Science, 14(4), pp.203-211.
Amani, A.A., ALBALAWNEH, A., HJAZIN, A., KABARITI, R., NOWAR, L.A.,
ALWIDYAN, J., ALBASHBSHEH, G., Mai, D.I.A.B., Wafa’a, A.B.U., ALJAAFREH, S.
and Salsabeel, A.S., 2022. Gendered Perceptions for Identifying Ecosystem Services in the
Arid Ecosystem of Wadi Araba in Jordan. Journal of Environmental Management and
Tourism, 13(3), pp.605-618.
Callahan, J., Johnson, L., Romm, A., Liu, Y., Riveros-Ruenes, C., Thach, S., Rinzel, L., Stark,
A., Jordan, K., Boyd, T. and Stapert, N., 2021, December. Consortium of Climate and
Energy Education and Action Programs Working in Concert Across the United States.
Adults & Students-Together Taking Uplifting, Powerful Action on Climate. Dedicated,
Proud Members of the CLEAN Network. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (Vol. 2021, pp.
ED45C-0749).
El-Hiary, M., 2021. Permaculture Design and Business Plan for Sustainable Livelihoods
Programming: Low-Cost, Sustainable Solutions for Food and Nutrition Insecure Agro
Pastoral Communities in Jordan.
Hamed, T.A. and Bressler, L., 2019. Energy security in Israel and Jordan: The role of renewable
energy sources. Renewable energy, 135, pp.378-389.
McDermott-Levy, R., Jackman-Murphy, K.P., Leffers, J.M. and Jordan, L., 2019. Integrating
climate change into nursing curricula. Nurse Educator, 44(1), pp.43-47.
O’Riordan, T. and Jordan, A., 2019. Social institutions and climate change. In Politics of
Climate Change (pp. 65-105). Routledge.
Qdais, H.A., Saadeh, O., Al-Widyan, M., Al-tal, R. and Abu-Dalo, M., 2019. Environmental
sustainability features in large university campuses: Jordan University of Science and
Technology (JUST) as a model of green university. International Journal of Sustainability
in Higher Education.
Shah, N.Y., Wirkus, L. and Swatuk, L., 2018. Can climate change challenges unite a divided
Jordan River Basin?. In Water, Climate Change and the Boomerang Effect (pp. 121-139).
Routledge.
Shareef, N., 2020. Innovation Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: A Cost-Effective Solution
—Jordan Case Study. In Waste Management in MENA Regions (pp. 295-312). Springer,
Cham.
Steinberg, D.C., Mignone, B.K., Jordan, M., Sun, Y., Kelly, E., Badger, A., Livneh, B. and
Kristen, A., 2020. Correction to: Decomposing supply-side and demand-side impacts of
climate change on the US electricity system through 2050. Climatic Change, 163(2),
pp.1107-1108.
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Weko, S. and Schuch, E., 2021. Conducting a survey on climate change and energy in Jordan.
Online
Climate Change in Jordan: A Comprehensive Examination Approach, 2009 [Online] Available
through:<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26624028_Climate_Change_in_Jordan
_A_Comprehensive_Examination_Approach >
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