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Climatic Considerations for Sustainable Design in Auckland, New Zealand

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Added on  2022/11/13

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This presentation discusses the climatic conditions of Auckland, New Zealand and provides design strategies for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings. It covers topics such as temperature, precipitation, winds, sunshine, and more.

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CLIMATIC FOR
SUSTAINABLE
DESIGN

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Introduction
Auckland, New Zealand experiences a
subtropical climate with the region lying
about 13⁰ of latitude south of Tropic of
Capricorn. does not experience any
extreme temperatures
Summers are often warm
have high humidity
winters tend to be mild and damp.
Rainfall is received throughout the year
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Temperatures
Mean daily temperature during summer is
23⁰C
Mean daily temperature during winter is
14⁰C
Warmest month is February with temp
19.8⁰C
Coldest month is July with temperature of
10.6⁰C
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Temperatures
Monthly sea surface temperatures

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Precipitation
Mean annual rainfall is about 1240 mm.
Heaviest rainfalls are experienced during
depression to the northwest or north
associated with strong winds blowing from
north to northeast over the city.
There be variations in wind direction and
cloud cover as a result if minor causes
however fine weather is predominant in
the region (Tan, Lau and Ng, 2016).
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Precipitation
Monthly/yearly rainfall normals
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Frosts
Region Auckland experiences mild and
frosts
mild and frosts are often light and not
frequent
frosts mainly taking place under quite
stable conditions are often accompanied by
shallow inversions
Two frost types are recorded:
air frosts
ground frosts
Ground frosts are frequent in this region

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Winds
The flow of air over Auckland is mostly from
the southwest direction
mostly experienced in winter and summer
the amount of winds are observed to
increase during summer from the northwest
as a result of the variation in the location of
high pressure belt (Tan, Lau and Ng, 2016).
The coastal regions of the city tend to be
more windy that the sheltered inland
regions.
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Winds
Mean monthly/yearly wind speeds (km/hr)
Spring season tends to be the windiest
The largest number of light wind days
is recorded in summer and autumn
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Sunshine & Solar radiation
Central and eastern parts
receive relatively more
bright sunshine in
comparison with the
southern and western
regions and the islands.
The least levels of
sunshine are received in
the Pukekohe regions.

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Fog
The frequency of fog
changes all over the
region.
Advection fogs that
result from warm moist
masses of air moving
over the cool regions
are often experienced in
summer and autumn
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Design Consideration for Subtropical
Climate
Ensuring a balance between the various
conflicting needs
Finding solar radiation gain in winter and
offering solar shading in summer
Providing protection of wind during winter
and proper ventilation during summer
(Tan, Lau and Ng, 2016)
Construction of properly natured houses
having moderate heat capacity of storage
Use of windows of medium
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Recommended design specifications
Layout: Building orientation should be in
North to south direction having compact
courtyard planning (Kennedy, 2017)
Spacing: Open spacing should be provided
to allow for penetration of breeze
Movement of air: The rooms should be
single blanked with permanent provision
for movement of air

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Opening
Opening should be large
occupying between 40% to 80% of the total
wall area
Aligned in the North and south walls at
body heights mostly on windward side
Walls
Light and of low thermal capacity.
Roofs
Roofing materials used should be
cavity, light as well as reflective
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Outdoor sleeping: There should be
provided spaces for outdoor sleeping to
be used especially during summer
(Khoshbakht et al., 2018).
Rain protection: Proper and enough
rainwater drainage should be provided
to ensure proper drainage during the
rainy months.
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Design Strategies
Street layout
Affects the accessing of wind & sun
Wind is needed to
bring about cooling
removal of excess heat from the streets (Lee et
al., 2019).
aid in cross ventilation.
A north south direction is recommended
from the view point of not blocking the
solar radiation.
Street orientation to be in angle of
between 20 and 30 degrees on each of

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Street layout factoring sun and wind
movement
Breadth of the streets
should be such that it
avoids the intense
radiation during
summer during late
morning as well as
early afternoon (Tan,
Lau and Ng, 2016)
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Planning and Form
Open settlement pattern is ideal response
to the climate
Buildings are supposed to be separated
using large and free spaces between each
of them (Tan, Lau and Ng, 2016).
Airflow in the building may be maximized
using street & open spaces and funnel
effect.
Buildings on stilts may be adopted to
enhance ventilation
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Extended settlements that are organized in
a line across the direction of the prevailing
winds provide low air movement resistance
(Tan, Lau and Ng, 2017).
protected buildings &protected walls and
the use of large overhanging roofs & wide
shaded veranda may adopted in regulation
intense diffuse solar radiation

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Orientation of the building
Should be done in such a way that solar
heat gain is minimized and flow of wind is
facilitated (Tan, Lau and Ng, 2016).
Longest wall should face north and south
direction
Short walls face the west and east
This is intended to minimize the exposure
of wall area to the intense evening and
morning sun.
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Optimum orientation of building
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Structure of Building
Auckland needs adequate cooling throughout the
year.
The large thermal conditions range needs the
use of the wind effects alongside protection from
radiation.
Building design ought to be of open structure
having large openings that would offer cross
ventilation (Vecchi, Cândido and Lamberts,
2016).
The entire building ought to be lightweight to
enable rapid cooling at night

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Storage of heat and time lag being kept
as minimal as possible (Lee et al.,
2019).
Thermal insulation would not be as
effective not unless on surfaces that are
subjected to direct sunlight and the
materials used should be permeable air.
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Roof design
Summer horizontal radiation tends to
be quite high in Auckland
Extended sunshine hours imparts heat
flux coming from the roof.
Roof material should be
lightweight
have low thermal capacity
high reflectivity (Vecchi, Cândido and
Lamberts, 2016).
The reflectivity may be enhanced
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CONCLUSION
Climate affects design and planning of
a building.
Sustainable & energy efficient design
strategies should be incorporated as
integral parts of design. Incorporating
the climate early enough in planning
Specific design and planning ideas of
buildings for Auckland as borrowed
from a case study of a region have
similar climatic conditions that may

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References
Lee, P., Chan, E.H., Qian, Q.K. and Lam, P.T., 2019.
Development of a user-friendly regression model
to evaluate carbon emissions of office buildings
design in the subtropics. Facilities
Tan, Z., Lau, K.K.L. and Ng, E., 2016. Urban tree
design approaches for mitigating daytime urban
heat island effects in a high-density urban
environment. Energy and Buildings, 114, pp.265-
274
Tan, Z., Lau, K.K.L. and Ng, E., 2017. Planning
strategies for roadside tree planting and outdoor
comfort enhancement in subtropical high-density
urban areas. Building and Environment, 120,
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