Clinical Scenarios: Gastroenteritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's Disease, Osteoarthritis, and More

Running head: CLINICAL SCENARIO’S 1
Clinical Scenarios
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CLINICAL SCENARIO’S 2
PART A
1. Define Gastroenteritis?
Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the inner layer of the intestines.
2. What is Gastritis?
Gastritis is erosion in the inner layer of the stomach.
3. Explain Mr. Bate's poor skin turgor relation to his gastroenteritis.
The reduced skin turgor is caused by black colored stools an indication of gastroenteritis
infection.
4. How does blood pressure infection reflect his illness? Why is it low?
The blood pressure has lowered from 110/66 which indicates illness.
Severe diarrhea causes dehydration which decreases the blood circulation in the body resulting in
low blood pressure.
5. Provide two (2) signs/symptoms of gastroenteritis.
Diarrhea, vomiting
6. Describe the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease which attacks central nervous systems thus affecting the
brain, optic nerves and spinal cord.
7. Provide two (2) signs/symptoms of multiple sclerosis.

CLINICAL SCENARIO’S 3
Muscle weakness, visual disturbances
8. Define Rhabdomyolysis?
Rhabdomyolysis is the death of muscle fibers and releasing it content in the bloodstream.
9. Name one group of medications that are prescribed to lower cholesterol and has this as a
side effect. What education should you give to your patient when commencing this
medication?
Statins especially lovastatin medication. Side effects intestinal problems and muscle
inflammation.
Take the full dose as prescribed by the doctor.
10. What is the medical term for black stools and what could it mean?
The term is "melena" meaning dark stools with peculiar dour consisting of digested food.
11. What does ‘emesis' mean? What does hematemesis mean?
Emesis means vomiting contents from the stomach.
Hematemesis means vomiting of blood.
12. Explain the pathophysiology as to what would be happening to an individual that was
admitted to your ward with hematemesis and melena?
The patient vomits brownish blood due to digestion by the stomach acids and turned hemoglobin
into the brownish color. (Khan, Khan, Tiwari, Moustafa, Taleb & Khateeb, 2018).

CLINICAL SCENARIO’S 4
13. What is the term used to describe skin color and the sclera of the eyes becoming yellow?
What organ of the body is usually involved?
The term is Jaundice. The organ is liver.
14. Give an example of a disease process that might cause this and explain why.
Hepatitis, it influences skin color and eyes becoming yellowish.
15. Pruritus often accompanies this discoloration, what is pruritus?
Pruritus is the medical terminology referring to itchy skin.
16. Explain what a Hiatus Hernia is and list two common symptoms the individual may
report.
Hiatus Hernia happens when the upper part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm into
the chest region.
Symptom; chest pain, trouble in swallowing.
17. What does the acronym GORD stand for?
GORD stands for "Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease".
18. Complete three nursing care plans for Michael. Each plan must identify one patient
problem/issue, one goal and two courses of action you would take.