Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Types of Medications, and Board Style Questions
Added on 2023-06-14
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CHRONIC
LYMPHOCYTIC
LEUKEMIA
Name
Institution
LYMPHOCYTIC
LEUKEMIA
Name
Institution
1. Epidemiology
• American Cancer Society presents the following estimates for leukemia in the US for the year
2018:
• Nearly 60,300 new instances of leukemia and almost 24,370 deaths from all kinds of leukemia
• Approximately 20,940 incidences of CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
• Nearly 4,510 deaths of lymphocytic leukemia
• The CLL makes up to ¼ of the new leukemia incidences.
• The average lifetime risk of getting CLL by a person is almost 1 in 175 or 0.57 percent.
• The risk of CLL is somewhat pronounced amongst men than in women (Rawstron et al., 2015) .
• CLL mainly affects older people.
• The average age at the point of diagnosis is about seventy years.
• CLL is seldom observed in individuals below forty years and highly infrequent in kids.
• American Cancer Society presents the following estimates for leukemia in the US for the year
2018:
• Nearly 60,300 new instances of leukemia and almost 24,370 deaths from all kinds of leukemia
• Approximately 20,940 incidences of CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
• Nearly 4,510 deaths of lymphocytic leukemia
• The CLL makes up to ¼ of the new leukemia incidences.
• The average lifetime risk of getting CLL by a person is almost 1 in 175 or 0.57 percent.
• The risk of CLL is somewhat pronounced amongst men than in women (Rawstron et al., 2015) .
• CLL mainly affects older people.
• The average age at the point of diagnosis is about seventy years.
• CLL is seldom observed in individuals below forty years and highly infrequent in kids.
2. Etiology/Causes
• The real cause of incidences of CLL remains unknown.
• However, a great deal about the variations between normal lymphocytes and CLL cells have been
learned.
• Healthy cells (human) grow and function primarily by information entailed in every chromosome of a
cell.
• These are long DNA’s molecules.
• CCL results from a genetic mutation in DNA of blood-generating cells.
• Such mutations then cause blood cells to generate abnormal and ineffective lymphocytes.
• Apart from being inefficient, such abnormal lymphocytes endure to live and multiply, when the normal
ones would die (Abrisqueta et al., 2017).
• Abnormal lymphocytes collect in blood and some organs where they trigger complications.
• Healthy cells might then be crowded out of bone marrow and disrupt regular production of blood cells.
• The real cause of incidences of CLL remains unknown.
• However, a great deal about the variations between normal lymphocytes and CLL cells have been
learned.
• Healthy cells (human) grow and function primarily by information entailed in every chromosome of a
cell.
• These are long DNA’s molecules.
• CCL results from a genetic mutation in DNA of blood-generating cells.
• Such mutations then cause blood cells to generate abnormal and ineffective lymphocytes.
• Apart from being inefficient, such abnormal lymphocytes endure to live and multiply, when the normal
ones would die (Abrisqueta et al., 2017).
• Abnormal lymphocytes collect in blood and some organs where they trigger complications.
• Healthy cells might then be crowded out of bone marrow and disrupt regular production of blood cells.
3. Pathophysiology
• CLL is amongst the chronic lymphoproliferative disorders or lymphoid
neoplasms. WHO classification indicate that B cell CLL is regarded to
be identical that is a single illness with various manifestations to
mature/peripheral B cells neoplasm small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).
It is indicated by the progressive functionally incompetent lymphocytes
accumulation that is often monoclonal in origin (Rawstron et al., 2018).
• The CLL molecular pathogenesis is a complicated, multistep process
culminating in a malignant clone of B-lymphocytes replication. Whereas
specific step in such a pathway has already been elucidated, a
significant number remains a mystery.
• CLL is amongst the chronic lymphoproliferative disorders or lymphoid
neoplasms. WHO classification indicate that B cell CLL is regarded to
be identical that is a single illness with various manifestations to
mature/peripheral B cells neoplasm small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).
It is indicated by the progressive functionally incompetent lymphocytes
accumulation that is often monoclonal in origin (Rawstron et al., 2018).
• The CLL molecular pathogenesis is a complicated, multistep process
culminating in a malignant clone of B-lymphocytes replication. Whereas
specific step in such a pathway has already been elucidated, a
significant number remains a mystery.
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