Closing the Gap Policy & Its Impacts in Australia

This paper scrutinizes “Closing the Gap” policy which was enforced to counter the inequality in healthcare sector which faced the non-indigenous Australians, the impacts of the policy on the health sector of the country, the policy benefits and its relationship with other programs like the Aboriginal Medical Services and the Aboriginal Liaison Officer.

CLOSING THE GAP POLICY & ITS IMPACTS IN AUSTRALIA 1
CLOSING THE GAP POLICY & ITS IMPACTS IN AUSTRALIA
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Introduction
Australia has its history surrounded by racial-based policies and that made the relation
between European origin people and that of Indigenous Australians both complex and
controversial for unambiguous and straightforward interpretations. Such policies obscured the
essence of equality in regard to social welfare and hence creating the disparity which has been
perceived for decades in regard to the health status of Indigenous Australians and non-Indigenous
Australians (Pruett and DiFonzo, 2014, p.155). This paper scrutinizes “Closing the Gap” policy
which was enforced to counter the inequality in healthcare sector which faced the non-indigenous
Australians, the impacts of the policy on the health sector of the country, the policy benefits and its
relationship with other programs like the Aboriginal Medical Services and the Aboriginal Liaison
Officer.
In its launch, “Closing the Gap” policy was a government scheme whose main aim was to
take care of the disadvantaged among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in respect
to access to quality healthcare, educational and employment opportunities (House et al, 2016). It
was launched as a formal commitment in Australia to ensure equality in healthcare distribution
regardless of whether a person was an Aboriginal or a Torres Strait Islander. “Closing the
Gap” policy was put in place in response the social justice report of 2005 to close the gap on
health injustices which were rampant among the Aboriginals at the time. It’s however not until
March 2008 when all the governments in Australia collaborated with the Aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islander people to work together in order to ensure there was equality in matters
concerning health care between both in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and the
non-Indigenous Australians in future (Dyer et al, 2017, p.1365).). To support the policy, Council
of Australian Governments (COAG) set some targets which were aimed at seeing improvement

CLOSING THE GAP POLICY & ITS IMPACTS IN AUSTRALIA 3
in health and wellbeing among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. Among
those targets were ensuring 95% of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young ones were
enrolled in school by 2025, closing the gap in life expectancy by 2031 and halving the gap in
mortality by 2018 (Hartog, 2016).
Closing the Gap policy has its history from the social justice report by Tom Calma who
was then a social justice commissioner representing the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
community. The report required the Australian governments to work together to achieve
healthcare equality among the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community (Krause et al,
2015, p.50). This report was furthered under the “Close the Gap campaign” whose main aim was
to ensure equality in healthcare among all the Australians. The campaign had begun as a
National Indigenous Health Equality Campaign in 2006 steered by organizations such as the
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Australian Indigenous Doctor’s Association
and the Indigenous Dentist’s Association of Australia.
Closing the Gap policy has contributed much in ensuring equality in matters of health
among all the Australians. Initially, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in
Australia could not access quality healthcare like the rest of the Australians and that implied
suffering among the group (Douglas et al, 2016, p.100). However, with the launch of Close the
Gap initiative under Closing the Gap policy, Australia’s NGO’s, peak non-indigenous and
indigenous health bodies, as well as human rights organizations, have realized a uniting factor in
their efforts for health equality among all the Australians and especially among the Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander people. Close the Gap campaign goals have clearly shown the superb
contribution of Close the Gap policy especially among the poor population which could not
afford quality healthcare.

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Although the policy has indicated its positive progress in the fight against inequality
among the Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander population, challenges have been rampant in the
course of its efforts. The ongoing challenges which have been identified regard the actual
identification of Indigenous patients. This is because differentiating the patients who are in a
similar condition becomes hard and it may end up helping some people who don’t necessarily
require the help and leaving out the genuine victims (Kassam, 2016, p.20). Also, as a form of
campaign, the program faces direct costs in terms of travel, medication and other expenses which
need financial support. Lack of adequate financial support has therefore limited the efforts of the
program and made the stakeholders strain beyond the expected limits in order to meet their
objectives.
The case of Judy, a 57-year-old Aboriginal woman who has been suffering from type 2
diabetes is a perfect example to show how “Closing the Gap” policy has worked to ensure equal
distribution of quality healthcare among the Australians. From the information presented in the
case study, we get to know that Judy is a widow and this implies that her financial ability won't
enable her to receive the required treatment for diabetes which is highly expensive. Apart from
financial inability, Judy also lacks the necessary attention from the family because she doesn’t
have a husband and his two grown-up children are busy and only affords to assist her when they
can. Patients especially those under critical conditions like Judy requires a high level of attention
as well as quality treatment failure to which suffering and agony easily succumbs them to death.
Judy under these conditions is likely to die earlier than expected because first of all the quality of
treatment she is receiving is not a quality one and secondly, she lacks someone close who can
take good care of her in the condition she is.

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Under the CTG policy, cases like the one for Judy are considered first and given the
necessary attention. For instance, with the policy’s objective to improve life expectancy old
people like Judy are given the first priority and will be sponsored for quality treatments and
given the necessary attention which makes them live longer. For that matter, registering with
CTG will be of much benefit to Judy (Hayes et al, 2015). First, the case study has presented Judy
as an Aboriginal citizen who in addition is a widow and that indirectly presents her inability to
cater to her treatment for diabetes. Also, as an aged person requires attention in matters
concerning her health status and we get to know that she lacks the close attention of her two
children. The two factors if not taken care of would see her die quickly. However, under the
CTG plan, the two would be taken care of by professionals and that would see Judy receive the
necessary treatment regardless of her financial status.
Apart from the CTG, the case of Judy has presents another two organizations working
closely to the CTG to ensure quality healthcare for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander
population. The two organizations are the Aboriginal Medical Service (AMS) and the An
Aboriginal Liaison Officer (ALO) (Sims et al, 2017). AMS was formed in July 1971 with an aim
of providing free medical support to the Aboriginal people who were living in Sydney at the
time. It had been launched as an Aboriginal community-controlled medical service with a
holistic approach to health problems which were facing the Aboriginals from the outset (Kelly et
al, 2015). Its foundation acted as a response to the health issues among the Aboriginal people
who had migrated from NSW region, the majority of whom lived in poor and overcrowded
conditions where accessing quality healthcare was a challenge (Glenister and Prewer, 2018,
p.630).

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The Aboriginal Liaison Officer (ALO) on the other hand gives confidence and trust to the
Aboriginal community to engage with the council. Employment of these officers also helps in
stimulating the consideration of local Aboriginal community needs by the staff across all the
areas of the council (Carriage, Akers and Payne, 2017, p.32). The Aboriginal Liaison Officers
help local Aboriginal population talk to health professionals and help them understand the
medical procedures as well as routines that help them participate in the decisions about their
healthcare status. Additionally, they provide support information to the GV Health staffs to help
them deliver culturally sensitive health services (Jennings, Spurling and Askew, 2014, p.155).
ALOs can helps the local Aboriginals make arrangements for their admissions in hospitals as
well as after being discharged. Finally, they help link patients to the appropriate community
support agencies, programs, and services.
Conclusion
In summary, it has come out clearly that the CTG program has played a great role in
ensuring equality in healthcare among the Australians. As it has been seen from the history of
this policy, the Aboriginals in Australia faced the healthcare challenges which led to low life
expectancy cases and high mortality rates. However, with the launch of this policy, this has
changed because the Aboriginals began to enjoy the same opportunities as the indigenous people.
This has not been fully achieved because of the various challenges which have been outlined
above like the lack of enough resources to meet the costs of implementing the policy. Lastly,
other programs which have facilitated the success of this policy have also been revealed as well
as their major roles. The two subordinate programs are the Aboriginal Medical Service (AMS)
and the Aboriginal Liaison Officer (ALO).

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