Cloud Computing Research and Analysis

This assignment focuses on guiding students through researching and analyzing cloud computing. It emphasizes both qualitative and quantitative approaches, highlighting relevant literature and methodologies used in this field. The provided references cover topics such as cloud computing implementation, management, security, value networks, smart cities, and the impact of cloud computing on various industries.

DISSERTATION
ON
“WHY BUSINESS SHOULD ADOPT CLOUD
COMPUTING”
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................4
1.0 Title............................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Background of the study............................................................................................................5
1.2 Rationale of the study................................................................................................................5
1.2.1 What is the research issue?.......................................................................................5
1.2.2 Why it is an issue?....................................................................................................6
1.2.3 Why it is an issue now?............................................................................................6
1.2.4 What could this research shed light on?...................................................................6
1.3 Research aim and objectives......................................................................................................6
1.3.1 Aim:..........................................................................................................................6
1.3.2 Objectives:................................................................................................................6
1.3.3 Research questions....................................................................................................7
1.4 Framework and analysis............................................................................................................7
1.5 Gantt chart..................................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................10
2.1 Concept of Cloud Computing..................................................................................................10
2.2 Importance of Small and Medium Enterprises........................................................................12
2.3 Cloud Computing and SMEs...................................................................................................13
2.4 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).............................................................................................14
2.5 Merits of Cloud Computing.....................................................................................................15
2.6 Demerits of Cloud Computing.................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY........................................................17
3.1 Research Philosophy................................................................................................................17
3.2 Data Collection Method...........................................................................................................18
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3.3 Sampling Method.....................................................................................................................18
3.4 Accessibility Issues..................................................................................................................19
3.5 Ethical Issues...........................................................................................................................19
3.6 Data Analysis...........................................................................................................................19
3.7 Research Design......................................................................................................................19
3.8 Research Limitations...............................................................................................................20
CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS/ANALYSIS...............................................................................................21
4.1 Thematic analysis.....................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................25
5.1 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................25
5.2 Recommendations....................................................................................................................25
REFLECTIVE STATEMENT............................................................................................................27
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................28
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Due to technological innovation and development, level of competition is increasing in the
business sector and this innovation depletes the value of existing skills and competencies. Small and
medium enterprises have limited availability of resources. Hence, they are unable to compete at the
market place (Fernando, Loke and Rahayu, 2013). This is the basic reason that small medium
enterprises have less competitive advantage as compared to others. Further, they are also unable to
access modern technologies and as a result, this affects all IT operations. However, these enterprises
play a crucial role for the economic development since they generate numerous opportunities for
employment. This thereby declines the need of importing products from different markets. SMEs
(Small and medium enterprise) provide many opportunities to people and along with this, they also
produce products at a lower cost (Rittinghouse and Ransome, 2016). This can be improved through
implementing new strategic directions for the business as through this, business entities would be
able to use technological resources in an optimum manner. Right use of such sources could also
assist business entities to attain competitive advantage in the international market place.
All organizations working on small scale should response positively to the market conditions
so as to manage supply and demand. Henceforth, considering this scenario, SMEs should
implement a new strategy so as to involve technological aspects at a higher extent. Moreover, this
can also assist in reducing operational cost (Li and Lou, 2013). In the era of globalization, business
entities should use massive computing power and business insights for the purpose of acquiring
competitive advantage. SMEs usually face many barriers in the global market and to overcome such
issues, advanced IT infrastructure can be developed. In this respect, cloud computing can be utilized
to address all prevailing inefficiencies in small medium enterprises. Cloud computing is a part of
information technology which has potential to meet the growing demand. The source is useful in
delivering different facilities to organizations like information storage, resource sharing and auto
scalability (Xu, 2012). With the help of cloud computing, new business applications and software
can be used to enhance the level of competitiveness and through this, business can also adopt new
ways to manage the business aspects. IT services can be accessed at the time of requirement and
with this, organisational processes can be managed in an adequate way. This is highly effective in
strengthening IT resources of organizations while acquiring and installing infrastructure.
It includes hardware and software platforms that cloud providers provide to the
organizations. Hence, with the use of cloud computing, companies can switch from computing
product to adapting service which is usually provided by data centres through internet sources (Dinh
and et.al., 2013). There is a difference between both the aspects such as cloud user owns cloud
product. However, computing services are delivered to cloud users and this can be utilized anytime
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when required. Thus, business operations and functions can be improved through quick delivery
service and this is also useful for the purpose of transforming existing business structure. As per the
statistics, cloud computing has generated employment opportunities for around 2.4 million people
in Europe and apart from this, Finland is another cloud computing user among the well established
enterprises (Zissis and Lekkas, 2012). From historical point of view, concept of cloud computing
was introduced by Licklider. However, it became more advanced over time in IT field. Cloud
computing is dependent on different variables such as web association, grid computing and
virtualisation. It has all potentials to expand the IT networks and hence, business challenges can be
reduced prominently. Cloud computing involves third party; therefore, this increases the risk of data
handling and protection. The concept is integrated with several positive and negative aspects. In the
present study, detailed explanation is given on all such facets (Xu, 2012).
1.0 Title
“Why SME’s should adopt cloud computing for retail?”
1.1 Background of the study
Competition level is augmenting as business market is growing rapidly. Thus, in order to
meet the changed market requirements, organizations should upgrade their abilities and innovation
for the purpose of delivering advanced products and services. However, it is also identified that
SMEs have less competitive advantages due to limited resources and confined access to modern IT
services. Hence, the adoption of cloud computing can assist businesses to get solutions for these
aspects. Along with this, technological challenges prevailing in the global market can be reduced.
All previous studies have focused on significance of cloud computing in the area of innovation and
business agility. The present study has been conducted for the purpose of analysing reasons for
which businesses should adopt cloud computing. Thus, according to the research problem,
significance of cloud computing are mentioned in the subsequent study.
1.2 Rationale of the study
1.2.1 What is the research issue?
Present research study discusses the major advantages and disadvantages of cloud
computing technology. Thus, as per the purpose of study, detailed description has been given
regarding the same subject and its benefits to Finnish SMEs retail. Cost of the operations can be
reduced through informing the organizations about investment required in the concept of proposed
aspect. Study has been discussing the benefits of cloud computing; hence, description has been
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given so that businesses can adopt the processes. Main aim of the research is to determine the
significance of cloud computing for small medium enterprises.
1.2.2 Why it is an issue?
It is an issue now because organizations are experiencing different issues and challenges in
cloud computing processes. The current study has been discussing several methods through which
issues in this technique can be reduced. Hence, it can be said that in order to reduce all the issues,
present study has been made.
1.2.3 Why it is an issue now?
The research work is emphasizing on small medium enterprises so that they can comprehend
the need of cloud computing in managing business activities. The study is useful for those readers
who wish to get some knowledge regarding this subject matter. It is an issue now because recently,
numerous business entities have changed the way of managing cloud services and they are facing
many issues in managing things.
1.2.4 What could this research shed light on?
Present research is emphasizing on the use of cloud computing for small-medium
enterprises. Along with this, it is also focusing on the ways through which issues in cloud
computing can be reduced.
1.3 Research aim and objectives
1.3.1 Aim:
Aim: Main aim of present research study is to evaluate the significance of cloud computing for
small medium enterprises.
1.3.2 Objectives:
 To develop a feasible study for SMEs.
 To ascertain the way in which SMEs can get advantages from the concept of cloud
computing.
 To identify the significance of cloud computing in data storage.
 To depict the disadvantages associated with cloud computing.
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 To determine different cloud service providers and recommend one that should be selected.
1.3.3 Research questions
In the present study, research questions have been framed so as to segregate the study in
different sections and to specify the major aspects that are related to the subject matter (Dinh, Lee,
Niyato and Wang, 2013).
 What is the concept of cloud computing?
 What are the benefits of cloud computing to SMEs?
 How cloud computing is significant in data storage?
 What are the demerits of cloud computing?
1.4 Framework and analysis
It is important for the research to carry out analysis and framework so that proper decision
can be made in order to conduct the research effectively and efficiently. With this respect, below
given are the different steps:
Research design: There are four different type of research design which are correlation, case
study, analytical, exploratory and descriptive. In order to conduct the research in effective manner,
descriptive research design is applied.
Research approach: These are of two types which are deductive and inductive. Inductive
research is selected as it enables to focus on the theories and other related models with respect to the
research topic.
Data collection: Primary and secondary are the two different type of collection method. In
order to gather primary data is collected through interview. On the other hand, secondary is
generated with the help of books, articles, etc.
Justification: With time there are many changes that has taken in place in respect to
technology. In this context, cloud computing is helpful enough to make sure that firm is able to
develop strong relationship with their customers. The research will enable to identify the benefits
that SME get through cloud computing.
Limitations: It is important that appropriate research methodologies to be used or else it
becomes limitation for the research. Further, there are different type of activities that are developed
and in order to complete them it requires to have proper financial support. When researcher lack
resources, then it becomes difficult to complete within speculated time.
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1.5 Gantt chart
Activity/Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Formulating research proposal
Identifying the literature
Designing aims and objectives
Conducting literature review
Collection of secondary data
Analyzing of secondary data
Developing research approach
Research methodology
Designing questionnaire
Conducting interviews
Collecting responses
Gathering data
Findings of the Draft
Data evaluation
Finalizing other chapters
Draft findings chapter
Submission deadline to tutor and
waiting for feedback
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Revising the final draft
Printing and binding
Submit to tutor
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CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review is one of the major sections of the research study in which researcher uses
different sources to specify the importance of cloud computing to small medium enterprises. The
entire section is segregated into three basic aspects such as concept and features of cloud
computing; use of cloud computing in SMEs and its different categories.
2.1 Concept of Cloud Computing
As per the view of Wang (2013), many companies uses the concept of cloud computing so
as to deliver diverse IT services to the clients with the help of internet services. Further, regarding
this author also added that cloud computing is essential for storing and recovering the information
for business purposes (Dinh, Lee, Niyato and Wang, 2013). The entire process is conducted with the
help of internet source and hard drive as well as any other device is not required to use in the
process. Cloud is regarded as a distinct IT environment that is designed for the purpose of
provisioning scalable IT resources. It is associated with internet based computing which shares
processed resources and data to computers and other devices on demand. Further, it also relies on
sharing of resources for the purpose of achieving coherence and economy of scale (Zissis and
Lekkas, 2012). Different computing services can be offered through the concept in a commoditized
manner and such amenities are somewhat concerned with the basic services. Hence, looking
forward this discussion, Lekkas (2012) contended that cloud computing is a basic utility which
organizations can use on regular basis to meet their computing requirements. Due to advancement
in technology, people have changed their perception regarding the concept of cloud computing. It is
thus called as a IT service provider which includes both hardware and software drives to deliver
computing services to the clients (Beloglazov, Abawajy and Buyya, 2012). Networking system used
in cloud computing is self serviced and it is independent of its own location and device.
As per Li and et.al., (2010) the cloud computing is considered as a wide ranging and quickly
advancing idea which helps SME's to understand regarding the concept of cloud computing so that
they can adopt effective approaches regarding using cloud computing services. In general, the basic
concept of cloud computing originates from different pre-existing concepts such as virtualisation,
grid computing and distributed computing. However, it is not relatively new area of study but it can
be differentiated as per the innovation of idea in order to deliver computing services to general
computer as utility. Velte and et.al., (2010) stated that as per the broad view of cloud computing it
can be stated that it helps in empowering expedient on demand system access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources that helps in quickly provisioned and discharged administration
or interaction or service provider.
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2.1.1 Basic model of Cloud Computing
It assesses that a shift in the utilization and delivery of IT services is characterized as cloud
that enables the business to simplify the technological development and manage the process more
effectively. At the time of introducing cloud models it assesses that businesses supported different
IT related services in market and provides cost effective an flexible access to technology (Hsu, Ray
and Li-Hsieh, 2014). In regard to this, business owns information on demand at lowest expense that
enables them to work in an effective way. The basic model of cloud computing specifies the
simplest process of accessing application and storage with a common platform or main server.
However, such services are effectively shared among different business enterprises and retrieved by
service users (Bhardwaj, Jain and Jain, 2010). There are different service users of cloud computing
such as customers, workers, different member of business who are working on premise or general
public. Thus, cloud computing services can be utilized by any of the users at very minimal service
cost.
As per the view of Sunyaev and Schneider, (2013) cloud computing is stated as the
technology that helps in providing an opportunity for clients to control the resources of their
interest. Further, it also helps in allowing them to make changes and flexibilities in resource
consumption so that they can effectively manage the workload. Moreover, such resources can also
be stored by users for further use. It also helps in minimizing the business effort and time towards
marketing management and running the business functions smoothly towards innovation.
2.1.2 Characteristics ofCloud Computing
According to the opinion of Janssen and Joha, (2011) it is crucial for SMEs to assess the
basic features of cloud computing in order to implement its services and products in an efficient
way. Furthermore, cloud helps the users to expand its operational capacity through offering self
services entrances in different remote servers. National Institute of Standards and Technology
identifies certain crucial features of cloud computing such as-
 On demand Self service- It assesses that cloud computing provides self service portals to
its users in which end users can access basic IT services such as storage, server time without
any interaction of individuals.
 Rapid elasticity- IT resources provision and issue is elastic and can be accessed on demand.
However, the automated access is allowed to end users which involves certain parameters
that is fixed in system (Rittinghouse and Ransome, 2016). However, the resources
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provisioned to service users are unlimited in nature and thus exact capacity is available in
order to meet the needs of specific application.
 Resource pooling- Service providers merge with different IT resources that involves
memory\, storage, processing and network bandwidth. Thus, all these resources helps in
polling different computing resources in order to multiple customer base. Hence, all these
resources are separated and secured based on logical level in order to meet the dynamic
demand of different clients.
 Broad network access- End users can effectively access to the cloud computing resources
from main network or server. However, such resources are mainly retrieved by different
devices such as user mobile phones, tablet devices, workstations, laptops and computers.
 Measuring services- It stated that the resource use is automatically controlled and improved
through computing device and helps in utilizing a metering competence that is suitable to
different services such as bandwidth, processing, storage and dynamic user account.
However, asset utilization can be observed, controlled and stated by offering transparency
for both service users as well as providers (Wu and et.al. 2013). Such feature of cloud
computing helps in empowering a service user in order to expand the business in the form of
“pay as you develop” model or for inner IT divisions in order to give IT an effective
chargeback ability.
As per the opinion of Aleem and Ryan Sprott (2012) virtualisation is not the main
feature of cloud computing. It mainly focuses upon innovation in which technology is used as
service whenever needed. It is also crucial for service users to have adequate knowledge
regarding implementation and usage of particular cloud computing service that involves
infrastructure and internet requirements (Suciu and et.al., 2013). However, it also enables the
service users in regard to understand the different available services in cloud computing
market and how these services are used in regard to attain business objectives. Through
understanding such features regarding cloud computing it helps users to manage self service
portals.
2.2 Importance of Small and Medium Enterprises
Small and Medium sized businesses can be stated as organization that are carrying out its
services in diverse countries and industries in order to perceive SMEs differently as per their
business culture. It involves different criteria which is considered as an effective level of
investment, total assets, sales turnover and number of employees within firm. Features of SMEs
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involves where the number of employees are less than 250 and its annual turnover is also less than
EUR 50 million while the total of balance sheet is no more than EUR 43 million. Firm's limit of
annual turnover and annual balance sheet is EUR 40 million and EUR 27 million respectively.
However, if any business is not able to fulfil such criteria then they are not allowed to own more
than 25% of voting rights or capital within SME. Hsieh and Hsu (2012) Stated that SME is mostly
managed by its owners and the business activities are carried out from its own premises. Such
businesses are registered with local authorities and formally operated by 5 to 100 workers. All these
employees work full time within firm and does not get higher incentives. While, there are around
100 to 250 workers working within medium businesses.
In the current era of economies of developed countries, SMEs are stated as an crucial tool of
their economic progress that helps in enlarging the jobs by SME as compared to large businesses.
SME offers a wide variety of products or services that attracts customers and provides them more
options some of which are not been provided by large businesses on low prices. SME acts as an
effective catalyst for the economic growth in country and develops different manufacturing sectors,
arts and sports. Ojala and Tyrväinen, (2011) Stated that SME possess great potential in order to
expand their operations and grow the business in an effective way. Such businesses also focuses
upon decentralization of power that helps in introducing a new management layer among SME
operator and their workers. However, the management is now accountable for innovation and
technological improvement such as introducing cloud computing that may enhance the level of
business and improve its performance.
2.3 Cloud Computing and SMEs
It can be assessed that the competitiveness within firm can be enhanced through effectively
utilizing the advanced information and communication technologies (ICT). Zwattendorfer and et.al.
(2013) viewed that SMEs cal also be benefited by the use of ICT as it helps in making then able to
compete in market with large businesses. However, the complexity of management issues are
related to networking, software and hardware that are increasing in traditional IT environments.
Therefore, it is significant for SMEs to employ IT professionals in regard to implement and execute
different IT services. Cloud Computing also offers an appropriate solution of these IT issues
through providing effective capabilities and infrastructure to small and medium businesses.
However, Dihal and et.al. (2013) argued that cloud computing also assists in providing immediate
access to modern solutions of information technology that enables the SMEs to expand their
services by improving customer interaction and market reach. It also assists in maximizing the
SMEs return on their investment and assists them to operate in ever demanding business
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environment in an effective way. The main focus of cloud computing in SMEs does not only
showcases the enhancement in technological data centres but also specifies the fundamental change
in IT services such as how these are used, provisioned and released to consumers from one place to
another. In comparing to large businesses, the access of SMEs towards human and financial
resources is low (Mikkonen and Taivalsaari, 2013). Thence, they do not possess the ability to
effectively update their IT systems in regard to meet the changing business environment.
Incapability of implementing modern technologies within firm also reduces their chances to
participate in highly advance business environment and also faces tough competition from rivals.
SME's also adopts cloud computing that enables a variety of services such as provision of storage
services, collaboration, IT infrastructure, more specifically private cloud infrastructure. Therefore,
SMEs that are operating with small IT departments can obtain IT services rather than purchasing
and also uses limited resources. SMEs adopt effective cloud computing which showcases that such
businesses are encouraged to use cloud computing services through internet in regard to improve
their business efficiency. As per the opinion of Ivanova and Ivanov, (2010) SMEs is required to
classify their IT requirements within diverse cloud computing categories in regard to make effective
decisions regarding technological structure. However, implementing such services enables in order
to meet every IT requirements of SME and also constantly support the telecommunication and IT
businesses. The basic categories involved within cloud computing services that are available within
SMEs are-
2.4 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
SME adopts the least disrupting cloud computing service i.e. infrastructure as a service
which is also known as IaaS. However, businesses can get virtualised computing services through
internet by using IaaS. However, IT stacks and servers are basically based upon such services that
also enables the software as a service and platform. Within IaaS it involves a third party who
operates as a host to offer software, hardware, server, storage and other components involved within
infrastructure to service users. Further, it also handles user's applications and offers backup solution
system maintenance and development. Phaphoom and et.al. (2012) Stated that IaaS offers highly
accessible resources that can be managed on user demand. Thus, it is the most suited platform for
temporary and experimental workload that can be changes unexpectedly. Within IaaS the cloud
providers can be differentiated based upon the service legal agreements, pricing and their
performance.
2.4.1 Platform as a Service (PaaS)
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Such type of software offers an effective solution for IT related SMEs who are involved in
the development of applications. PaaS provides the infrastructure such as software development,
hardware and operating system to service users that helps firm to develop new application without
making huge investments.
2.4.2 Software as a Service (SaaS)
It helps in providing a distribution model that helps vendors to host the application and use
internet network in order to deliver such applications as a service to client. It also stated as on
demand software because applications are licensed upon subscription basis. It also the most useful
computing service for SME in order to help users to get effective IT resources.
2.4.3 Communication as a Service (CaaS)
CaaS can is another communication as a service which enables businesses to utilize
communications and voice over IP services without making any hardware investment because the
required infrastructure is managed by cloud provider.
2.5 Merits of Cloud Computing
In the modern era of technology, cloud computing is used by different firms. Different IT
professionals expects that growth of cloud computing will be increased in next few years. Such
technology is highly beneficial for mid size and large firms but now a days even smaller firms are
also adopting and using cloud computing in order to enhance their businesses (Bhardwaj, Jain and
Jain, 2010).
Cost Savings
Cloud Computing is the best way that helps in It cost cutting and thus small, medium and
large businesses uses it in order to maintain operations and capital expenses to very less amount. It
also assists firm to save its operations cost and decline because of less on premises infrastructure in
terms of administration, air conditioning and power costs.
Scalability/Flexibility
In the current time, there are several companies that are focusing upon data management
centres because of high scalable cloud computing nature and for this purpose cloud experts are
trained in regard to maintain hybrid, private and shared clouds (Rittinghouse and Ransome,, 2016).
Minimize licensing new software
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Cloud Computing adopt effective strategies that are used in regard to custom tailor solutions
to the firm and thus they also needs cloud IT which helps in fully integrated, dynamic and robust
computer systems with completely web based. It helps firm to grow without investing huge amount
on licenses.
2.6 Demerits of Cloud Computing
Following are the different demerits of Cloud Computing such as-
Lack of Control
It assesses that Cloud Computing fully owns, manages and monitored by service providers
and thus clients possess minimum control over it. Hence, customers possess only control over the
services, data and applications. Moreover, customers also does not possess any access to
administrative tasks like updating management and access to server.
Complete dependence on Internet
According to Wu and et.al. (2013) technology has great impact on business operations and
growth. Cloud services are dependent on internet access and growth. This aspect has helped the
technology to grow. However complete dependability of the service on internet create some
interruptions during transactions, file transmission, or other tasks hence delaying the overall process
for the users. This aspect has restricted the overall development of the service range.
Continuously evolving
Cloud Computing, storage and networking requirements of clients are regularly changing.
However, such evolving parameter shows that cloud cannot be static and regularly changing with
the passage of time (Aleem and Ryan Sprott, 2012). This aspect of technology challenges the
growth measures as it develops a perspective of delayed usage as the last updates become obsolete
as soon as new features are added.
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CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is a vital part of research study in which researcher uses several
approaches and methods in the most suitable way for the purpose of reaching towards the aim and
objectives. Research methodology is the process of collecting data from diverse sources for meeting
the study purpose.
3.1 Research Philosophy
Research philosophy is the major aspect that assists in data collection and analysis. It is also
a vast topic in which researcher can discuss the study material in detailed manner (Mackey and
Gass, 2015). Research philosophy deals with the source, nature and development of knowledge. In
addition to this, it also engages researcher to analyse the data according to research questions.
Hence, these aspects marks the evolution of new knowledge. It has many branches that are related
to a wide range of disciplines. However, the choice of a specific philosophy for a research is
impacted by practical implications. Major categories of research philosophies are Pragmatism,
Positivism, Realism and Interpretivism. The choice between positivism and Interpretivism research
philosophies has traditionally represented as a major point of debate.
Positivism allows the researcher to view research work as an independent approach without
including diverse phenomenon (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). Positivism is related to
numerical aspects; therefore, data can be analysed through statistical and quantifiable perspectives.
In quantitative research philosophy, positivism has been considered because it is the most relevant
philosophy that can be used in the research study. Further, under hermeneutic approach, existing
facts and figures should be examined so as to derive in-depth knowledge about the research issues.
As per the approach, detailed investigation can be conducted on the subject matter and discussion
can be included as per the subjectivity of topic. Hence, it leads towards the use of qualitative
approach (Flick, 2015). On the other hand, under Interpretivism approach, naturalistic methods can
be used through adopting interview, surveys and other sources. Further, this can be used in
conducting literature review. In this philosophy, appropriate discussion can be conducted among the
researcher and participant. This is also useful for the purpose of deriving meaningful conclusion
through research aspects.
However, in the present study, Interpretivism philosophy has been used so as to describe
diverse advantages of cloud computing for SMEs. These advantages usually cannot be measured in
numbers since they are associated with many behavioural and technological aspects. Hence, it can
be said that in the present case, Interpretivism philosophy has been used to showcase the advantages
and disadvantages of cloud computing for SMEs (Smith, 2015). The investigation has been
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conducted through focusing all operations and strategies of small-medium enterprises. Along with
this, several factors are also analysed which assist the business entities to derive benefits from
advanced technology.
3.2 Data Collection Method
Data collection seems to be the most important part of research study in which researcher
emphasizes on different methods for gathering information. Data collection can be split into two
types such as primary and secondary and in the present study, both sources have been considered
(Gast and Ledford, 2014). Under secondary sources, books, journals and articles have been
reviewed so as to complete the section of literature review. On the other hand, under primary
research, data has been collected through phone calls. Along with this, few meetings were also
conducted to have proper interview session with the IT personnel. Researcher has already made a
schedule in which data is collected as per the convenience of respondents.
In order to conduct the study, specific research instrument has been selected (interview
session). Thus, interview has been conducted in present research for the purpose of collecting data
(Blumberg, Cooper and Schindler, 2014). Different questions related to cloud computing have been
included in the study and all such questions are answered by the respondents. The discussion based
on interview is revolving around the research objectives so as to address all dimensions associated
with the research problem. In interview session, open ended questions have been developed as a
part of collecting data from diverse sources.
3.3 Sampling Method
Sampling is the process in which researcher selects a few people who can participate in the
research process. In the present research work, those people have been selected that work in SME in
Finland and uses cloud computing in their operations. Among all the categories, researcher has
selected convenience sampling method as through this, data can be collected from larger group
(Neuman and Robson, 2012). As compared to other methods, convenience sampling is the most
useful technique as it allows participants to express their views and opinions in the research
procedure. As per the technique, researcher has authority to access data on the basis of convenience.
Hence, in this respect, 6 different SMEs have been selected who are using cloud computing for the
purpose of managing work networks effectually. Time is the major dimension on the basis of which
sample size has been selected. Thus, all those SMEs have been selected who are using cloud
computing from one year.
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3.4 Accessibility Issues
In order to access data for the study, researcher had to emphasize on diverse sources and this
has generated various issues due to restricted accessibility. Hence, at the time of emphasizing
different web pages, researcher had to identify only those sources which are authentic and accurate.
Moreover, some of the articles were not allowed to access and therefore, a few issues came at the
time of data collection (Bauer, 2014). Apart from this, problems have also been observed while
identifying the websites as most of them have same content; hence, it created confusion.
3.5 Ethical Issues
Ethical dimensions are required to be followed in every research work to maintain feasibility
and validity facets. Thus, according to ethical norms, researcher has emphasized on maintaining
confidentiality of the study. Hence, identity and responses given by respondents are not disclosed.
Privacy is also maintained and researcher has not shared data with any one. Further, in this area,
researcher has also focused on data protection. Thus, the entire information related to subject matter
is recorded in a secured database (Denzin, 2012). To make the study more relevant and feasible,
researcher has considered all important aspects of data analysis.
3.6 Data Analysis
In order to analyse data, it is essential for the researcher to select appropriate technique so
that findings can be presented in an accurate manner. In generalized terms, data analysis is the
section which shows entire data in a summarized manner. The section is further focusing on reasons
for which SMEs have been using cloud computing. Hence, in the present study, qualitative method
has been used so as to describe the findings according to thematic analysis. As per the literature
review, entire section of data analysis is completed.
3.7 Research Design
Research design is effective since it applied diverse methods for reaching towards the
optimum aim and objectives. This has been included in this section since it aids in ascertainment
research questions effectively. The types of research designs are split into many types such as
exploratory, descriptive, experimental, case study and casual (Pickard, 2012). In the present case,
Descriptive research design has been considered so as to collect valid information about the subject
matter. Using descriptive research design requirements, researcher has collected only specific data
through interview session. It can be said that the present technique is selected as it offers a unique
style of data collection. Hence, hidden aspects of the subject matter have been identified through the
use of such tool. Hence, in the present study, Qualitative method is selected as it helps the
19

researcher to comprehend social behaviour of individuals in a specific situation. Focused groups
and interviews are two major techniques of qualitative method and in the present study, interview
has been selected. However, on the other hand, quantitative study is associated with numerical
structure in which hypothesis is required to be framed which can be rejected or accepted as per the
findings (Reynolds and et.al., 2014). In the present study, Qualitative method has been selected so
as to analyse the perception of individuals regarding advantages of cloud computing in SMEs.
3.8 Research Limitations
Apparently, according to all the studies, present one also has some limitations and that could
have affected research process. However, due to proper management of all research dimensions,
researcher faced a few issues. Time constraint is the major problem that restricted the investigator to
access different sources (Keutmann and et.al., 2015). As researcher had only limited time period;
therefore, only specific articles have been reviewed. Another issue that has been faced by the
researcher is related to financial aspects in which due to unavailability of financial source,
researcher took several materials to complete the research work.
20

CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS/ANALYSIS
This section of the study develops an effective and detailed analysis of the overall research
conducted and findings analysed for the study. The present study evaluated the overall impact and
analysis of cloud computing system for the business and use for the commercial aspects. The study
developed a detailed and definite analysis about the subject. Data for the study was collected from
primary as well as secondary method. This helped in attaining a clear and well defined analysis for
the study. The present chapter evaluates the overall findings of the study to examine a clear and well
defined outcome of the study.
4.1 Thematic analysis
Small and medium sized firms were referred in the research
The findings of the research revealed that majority of IT professional referred for the survey
were working in small or medium sized firms. The average no. of employees in the businesses was
more than 50 employees but less that 300 employees. One of the respondents said that their
company currently has employed 65 employees but is focusing on expanding the office soon.
Another respondent mentioned the strength of their office to be 90 employees This clearly revealed
that the major respondents contributing in the research belong to small and medium sized
businesses.
Public Cloud you are adopted in enterprise to enhance technological base
The respondents were asked about the clouds they use in the organization to manage their
organisational operations and was analysed that different organisations are adopting different
measures to manage their work. Majority of the respondents revealed that their organizations are
using public cloud which are owned and operated by isolated business in external environment. One
of the respondent revealed that the operational aspect of the business is managed through public
cloud to create significant and cost effective impact of information management of the business.
However, the results also reflected that there are also some SMEs which are using private cloud
which are operated and owned by themselves. In addition, use of partner cloud has been also
noticed in few organisations.
SaaS and CaaS computing solution you are being used in enterprise
On being asked about the computing system within the organisations it was analysed by the
researcher that Saas and Caas computing systems were commonly adopted by the firms. The
respondents quoted that these systems helps them to manage their business operations effectively. It
provides different services such as network capacity, storage, communication facilities etc. Another
respondents said that Paas computing solution is not commonly adopted by the business unit due to
21

avoid high risk factor associated with the subject. Another outlook attained was that in cloud
computing services, SMEs have options of trial-ability which allow them to use these services on
trial bases before implementation. It has great impact on their decision about adopting a particular
service but it is also very useful as it provides them an opportunity to choose most suitable service
providers.
Companies are willing to outsource to multiple cloud providers
The stated theme focused on analysing the impact and evaluation of outsourcing aspect for
cloud computing within the businesses. It was effectively analysed that companies are willing to
outsource IT professional and managers for cloud communication as it is a difficult task for the
organisations to manage highly professional employees in small business units. On of the manager
revealed that it is difficult for small organizations to hire highly experience IT specialist and operate
a whole tech department. Another aspect observed towards the aspects was that scalability and
flexibility of IT resources is another observed reason which leads SMEs towards adoption of cloud
computing. However, it was analysed that companies are facing the issue of losing internal control
for the business by adopting the process of outsourcing. The respondents revealed that It is difficult
for SMEs to manage reliability of IT operation on clouds, because there is high level of security risk
in environment.
Data management services are most likely to be outsourced to a Cloud Computing service
provider
The evaluation revealed that there are number of services which are effective outsources and
managed within the business unit. One of the respondent revealed that cloud computing regarding
business process management is commonly accepted and managed within the business
organisations. Another manager evaluated that data management and information management
aspects are the common and most effective aspects adopted by the companies for outsourcing
services. It was also evaluated by the researcher that managing operations regarding management of
sales data, creation of payroll by using specified software, administration of financial records are
commonly adopted by the external cloud computing organisations. Hence, the overall analysis of
the research reflects that data management services are most likely to be outsourced to a Cloud
Computing service provider.
Flexibility is the common reasons behind your possible engagement in the Cloud Computing
area
This theme of the research focused on analysing the reasons which motivated small and
medium sized business organisations in undertaking cloud computing services within the common
business practices. The research evaluation helped in understanding and analysing the stated aspect
22

in effective and well defined manner for the business. The findings of the research reflected that
flexibility and scalability in resource utilization of the business unit. One of the manager revealed
that An unmatched flexibility is offered to the organisations by cloud computing which allows
managing their versatility and usage policies. Another respondent stated that Data storage facilities
are flexible on clouds, as companies have to pay only for that volume of space which they consume.
Thus the services are widely used and utilised by the SMEs in the present era. Cost effectiveness
was another critical and significant aspect of the mentioned service. It was analysed that data
management and technological assistance are few major aspects which needs to be effectively
evaluated and analysed in the study. Hence, this is another crucial aspect analysed in the study to
attain effective and well defined results for the businesses. In addition to this Lower Technology
Risk Apart from the financial advantages of cloud computing, its ready to use infrastructures reduce
the level of technology risk in SMEs. Major cloud providers in industry offers guarantee for their
clouds and risk of data unavailability is also minimize because of cloud computing.
Security aspects are main concerns about Cloud Computing
This theme of the research focuses on analysing the major concerns to the business unit
while adopting or using the cloud computing system within the businesses. This aspect of the study
was critical to evaluate and analyse effectiveness of the services within the business operational
prospect. The findings of the study revealed that security breaches and data losses on a cloud are the
aspects of major concerns for the business units. Managing technical efficiency in the organisation
is another significant aspect of attaining high business results and developing influential growth
measures for the business. One of the manager mentioned that Uncertainty was another important
factor in adoption of cloud computing, because major concerns of SMEs were privacy and security
of data. It was also a complicated issue to relinquish ownership to an external entity by accessing
cloud computing services. It was also evaluated that service legal agreements and vendor lock in are
also the biggest challenges for SMEs in adoption and implementation of cloud computing. Hence,
the overall analysis regarding the stated concept reflects that companies are concerned with the
security and safety issues while using cloud services in business operations.
Continuously evolving nature increases efficiency cloud computing
This theme of the research focused on analysing and evaluating the effectiveness of the
business operations and efficiency of technological operations for the businesses. The analysis of
the same helped in evaluating that cloud computing services are new and effective for the present
business era. The technological development of the system are helping in developing the services
on a continuous basis this has helped the businesses in developing the system effectively and
widely. The response regarding continuous evolving of cloud computing system reflected that it is
23

effective for the business unit to adopt well defined means of system development for the business
growth. Regular development t of the system has helped businesses in regularly adhering the new
and well defined features in the system. One of the respondent revealed that regular development
helped the business unit in enhancing data security which has developed the usability of the system.
Companies are satisfied with internet connection and speed which is used for cloud computing
service
This theme of the study focused on evaluating the variables necessary for operating the
business operations to effectively attain results for the business units. Researcher evaluated the
consent and satisfaction aspect about the internet connections and speed aspects for the business
which helps in attaining effective valuable results for the business. The overall analysis of the study
reflected that companies were majorly satisfied with the internet connections and speed aspects
associated with the cloud computing. One of the respondents stated that technology and internet has
become the integral part and parcel of the business which has helped companies in attaining
effective and well defined results for the overall growth and development of the business. However
another respondent revealed that the age factor in the business and employees is challenging part of
technology acceptance. The company with seniority range and are unable to accept major technical
changes in the businesses effectively which has challenged the development aspects of the
organisation.
It is easy manage your internet service all time
This theme of the research focused on understanding the basic aspect of using and adopting
the cloud services in the business operations in effective and well defined manner. The study
revealed that pure dependability of cloud services on internet is one of the major challenge for the
business organisations in the present economy. The influence of the same has been effectively
analysed in the acceptance and growth of the services. The present theme portrays the efficiency of
internet services for operating businesses in the market. The analysis revealed that internet has
become the basic requirement of lives. Smart phones and social websites are the core sources of
business growth which are effectively operated thorough internet. Hence, majority of the
respondents stated that it was easy manage your internet service all time. One of respondent
mentioned that internet is the basic requirements of the economy. The dependability of very age
group on internet is high thus operating business operations through internet is not a challenging
aspect. Another respondent contradicted the view by stating that regional aspects of internet is not a
challenge but service security with geographical boundaries are the challenging business aspect
which pose a challenge for business units to operate businesses all the time through internet.
Moreover, lack of monitoring resources was another significant factor analysed.
24

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This section of the study will evaluate and generate the clear and well defined results for the
overall analysis undertaken on the subject. The study focused on evaluating the use of cloud
computing system in the business operations. This chapter of the study will summarise the overall
research and attain effective and well defined results for the research analysis. The findings of the
research was analysed to develop an effective and well defined understanding. The present section
will develop a definite conclusion on the research aim and will also focus on summarising the
findings. The later section of the study will develop recommendations which can be adopted and
analysed by business owners to effectively operate their business operations.
5.1 Conclusion
The present study has been conducted for the purpose of analysing the reasons for which
businesses should adopt cloud computing. The research problem was thus developed in-line with
the significance of cloud computing and factors affecting its operations. The analysis has been
conducted for the purpose of analysing the reasons for which businesses should adopt cloud
computing. The evaluation reveals the significance of cloud computing for small business units to
develop a clear and well defined analysis of the study. The study was developed in well defined and
structured manner to effectively attain the research aim. The primary and secondary analysis of the
study developed a clear and detailed understanding about the subject.
The findings of the research revealed that the initiation of cloud computing can be
associated with earlier outsourcing trends such as virtualisation. However, the cloud computing is
based on a novel idea which involves high speed internet connection to provide all IT service at one
platform. The systematic review of the literature revealed that there is an increasing trend of cloud
adoption in developed countries specifically in Europe. Finland has adopted the stated practice
widely for developing the commercial aspects of business operations. Major benefits associated
with cloud computing have identified in this research study, which further enables SMEs to make
the best decision about adoption of cloud services. The study analysed that companies are
effectively using the internet based services to enhance business operations. The major challenges
associated with the services are regarding data security and safety aspects of the operations.
However, as per the research regular development and continuous innovation in the services has
helped in developing the successful adopting of the services within the economy.
5.2 Recommendations
The study effectively revealed some major aspects of technical operations associated the
analysis. The findings revealed that challenges faced by SMEs in adoption of cloud computing
25

which involves security and privacy concerns, lack of control, network dependency, continuously
evolving nature etc. This restricted the growth and development aspect if the business unit.
Moreover, research also revealed that aspects related to data security and legal agreement breach
was a critical aspect considered for the analysis. Companies however has developed the system
continous development to enhnace the security aspects for the technological development. The
analysis also revealed that service legal agreements and vendor lock in are also the challenges for
SMEs in adoption and implementation of cloud computing. However it is velauated that these
hurdles can be managed with effective strategies and planning by the business units. Effective
strategic implementation and development mayhelp the business units in effeciently managing the
business operations and developing significant business results for the comanies. Also technical
training and development may help the comanies in making the effective utilisation of changing and
upgrading technlogical aspects in the economy. Major cloud providers in industry offers guarantee
for their clouds and risk of data unavailability is also minimize because of cloud computing thus
this will help the companies in attaining effective results and growth aspects for the business
operations in the present market aspects.
26

REFLECTIVE STATEMENT
This research study has been a very intellectual and enlightening journey for me. It
helped me in developing my knowledge and understanding about the subject and technological
aspects of the study. I want to thank my mentors and guides who helped me in every aspect of
learning and understating different aspects of research. Choosing research topic was one
challenging aspect for me however a sincere discussion with my mentor helped me in
simplifying the process and generating effective results for the study. I thus chose the topic of my
interest for the research to enhance my knowledge and interest. Cloud computing concept
sounded interesting in the initial stage however detailed analysis of the subject was challenging
for me. While undertaking the Literature review section I analysed that I adopt Kolb learning
cycle for the study. It helped me in developing my interest and understanding in the aspect. I
developed my research and analytical skills for the analysis which was an effective and well
defined aspect of understanding. The primary data collection aspect helped me in enhancing my
communication and interpersonal skills which helped in developing a signifiant development
aspect for my personal growth. I realized the difference between what is urgent and what is
important. Further I improved my analytical skills as I was required to interpret the collected data
in quantitative manner. The overall research was a significant experience for me which helped in
developing my subject knowledge as well as competitive skills for the professional development.
It is expected that findings of the research will prove to be a source of inspiration for other
researchers.
pg. 27

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