Relevance of Coconut Shell Aggregate Concrete Non-Pressure Pipe Study

This report presents a study on the relevance of coconut shell aggregate concrete in the production of non-pressure pipes. The research investigates the potential of using coconut shells, a common agricultural waste product, as a replacement for traditional aggregates in concrete mixtures. The study includes an introduction to coconut shell aggregate, a review of existing literature, and a detailed methodology involving the selection and design of pipes, pipe production, and various tests. The tests, including hydrostatic, absorption, and three-edge bearing tests, are conducted to evaluate the performance of coconut shell aggregate concrete pipes compared to conventional concrete pipes. The results indicate that coconut shell aggregate concrete pipes exhibit comparable or even superior performance in terms of load-bearing capacity and water resistance. The report concludes that coconut shell can be a viable and eco-friendly alternative aggregate for concrete pipe manufacturing, contributing to sustainable construction practices and waste management.

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Study for the relevance of coconut shell aggregate concrete non-
pressure pipe
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Professor:
Date:

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Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................3
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Coconut shell Aggregate........................................................................................................4
1.2 Precast concrete pipe..............................................................................................................4
1.3 Statement of Research Problem.............................................................................................4
1.4 Scope of Work.......................................................................................................................5
1.5 Materials and Methodology...................................................................................................5
1.5.1 Selection and design of pipe............................................................................................5
1.5.2 Pipe production................................................................................................................5
1.5.3 Tests.................................................................................................................................5
2.0 Literature Review......................................................................................................................6
2.1 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................6
3.0 Reference...................................................................................................................................7

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Abstract
This research emphasis on the evaluation of farming waste products for concrete development.
Around the world, generation of waste products from farming wastes are amassing intensely
especially in Australia. Farming trashes are naturally decomposable in the uncluttered without
any treatment. Coconut shell is among the aggregate wastes. Coconut shell aggregate concrete is
chosen in the current review study. The size of coconut shell is selected to make concrete known
as coconut shell aggregate concrete. This paper specifically focus on how the performance of
coconut shell aggregate concrete pipe likened to normal concrete pipe. Three-edge bearing trial
outcomes display that, coconut shell aggregate concrete pipe bear more capacity than capacity
quantified. The use of hydro static pressure not give rise to the development of droplets of water
on the pipe seeming throughout the application of the test pressure of 0.08 N/mm2.
Preoccupation characteristics of coconut shell aggregate concrete pipes are contained by the
acceptable bounds on the conditions identified. Assessment outcomes of coconut shell aggregate
concrete pipes reassure the usage of coconut shell as an aggregate for the substitution of normal
granular aggregate in manufacture of concrete pipes.

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1.0 Introduction
Concrete is one of the most adaptable building raw materials. With over 5 billion loads of
concrete made yearly, it is well-thought-out to be the utmost significant construction material. As
a result, the concrete production use a sizable quantity of natural constituents. Making of
concrete is growing owing to extraordinary development of infrastructure and building works all
over the world. Concrete is the lone material that can be effortlessly attuned for the substitution
of common components likened to other building constituents [2-7]. As a result, concrete
investigators are ongoing their exploration to substitute concrete ingredients from innumerable
wastes from domestic, agricultural and industries. A case in point is the replacement of
convention concrete constituents with coconut shell concrete to manufacture of non-pressure
concrete pipes.
1.1 Coconut shell Aggregate
A number of the wastes recycled as constituents of concrete such as ceramic wastes,
marble quarry litters, glass litters, and reused aggregates. Coconut shell is among the unwanted
material gotten from scraped coconuts. Using the coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete is
an innovative concept in the current concrete expertise to make concrete. The density of coconut
shell aggregate is fairly less equaled to the normal concrete aggregate [1]. Hence, the density will
be lesser for coconut shell aggregate concrete. Specific gravity is similarly the indirect
measurement of density all the concrete ingredients.
1.2 Precast concrete pipe.
Concrete pipes are categorized primarily as non-pressure pipe and pressure pipe. Non-
pressure pipes are sub categorized more into two categories known as unreinforced concrete non-
pressure and reinforced concrete non-pressure pipes [7]. All, unreinforced and reinforced
concrete pipes withstand a set pressure of 0.08 N/mm2 (8 m).
1.3 Statement of Research Problem
The usage of trash materials as main constituent in concrete may offer probable answer to
the difficulties of controlling farm waste such as management of coco nut shells. Coconut shell
which is denoted as endocarp can be advantageous as aggregate for concrete. The concrete made
with coconut covering as a key aggregate ought to partake the required engineering enactment
features (workability, uniformity, and compressive métier) to attain the typical stipulations.

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Hence the necessity for the investigation of the appropriateness of coconut shell aggregate in
concrete.
The emphasis of this investigation is to tackle the following questions:
i. Can coconut shell be used in non-pressure concrete pipes production?
ii. If yes, is it eco-friendly?
iii. What desirable or undesirable effect does it hold on concrete making?
1.4 Scope of Work
The scope of this work is limited to:
i. To determine the relevance of coconut shell in non-pressure concrete pipes.
ii. The physical properties of coconut shell.
iii. Test of the compressive métier of coconut shell concrete.
1.5 Materials and Procedure
Conventional cement, sand, Coconut Shell, and clean water are the components to be utilized in
making Coconut Shell Aggregate Concrete. Crushed granite gravels of 12.50mm sizes will be
utilized to prepare Conventional Concrete for contrast.
1.5.1 Choice and design of pipe
Herein research, reinforced concrete pipes of 145mm core diameter, tub wall width of 20mm of
Non-pressure pipes and length 1.5m are to be used.5 numbers of 3 and 6mm diameter mild steel
to be used as least circumferential and longitudinal reinforcement respectively.
1.5.2 Pipe production.
Coconut Shell Concrete and Conventional Concrete, a target of least of 35 N/mm2 is to be
achieved at 28-days. A molding machine for preparation of pipes to be used. The mixing of
concrete ingredients and the process for manufacture of pipe as per the pipe producer to be
embraced [2].
1.5.3 Tests
The samples of pipes will be exposed to subsequent tests as per Australian standards such
as hydrostatic, absorption and three-edge bearing tests.

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2.0 Literature Review.
The flexural performance of RCC beam with coconut shell for two altered mix ratios and
testified that No plane crack were perceived by Abinesh [1]. This designates that there is upright
connection among the ingredients and the experiment outcomes were closely to conventional
granite aggregate concrete beam. He also demarcated the characteristics are substitutable for
light weight aggregate concrete making with least strength of 35 N/mm2.
Recent studies [4], [5] have revealed the Compressive strength of concrete by use of
coconut shell as coarse aggregate for 100% substitutes and resolved that coconut concrete
strength is lesser than conventional aggregate concrete due to reduced density and light load of
coconut shell particles.
Coconut shell aggregate concrete has fulfilled the required strength of concrete after 28
days of curing with the utmost size of coconut shell as 10 mm in the physical characteristics has
observed by Olanipekun E.A. et al, [6]. The quantity of cement castoff is same when coconut
shells are utilized as aggregates in the making of concrete likened to normal aggregate concrete
to yield almost equal forte.
The coconut shell aggregate with conventional granite aggregate by mechanical and
durability characteristics analysis as studied by Vishwas [7]. He established that the coconut
shell aggregate has great opposition in scrape, wear and tear, bearing and crushing analysis.
2.1 Conclusion
The experiment outcomes in mentioned journals offer noteworthy accepting on
elementary Material characteristics, Mechanical characteristics, and Stability characteristics, of
coconut shell aggregate concrete while equaling standard granite aggregate concrete.

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3.0 Reference
[1] Abinesh, R., Gunasekaran, K., Annadurai, R., Study on flexural behaviour of coconut shell
concrete using Quarry dust, International Journals for Innovative Research in Science &
Technology, Vol. 1 (11), pp. 426 – 432, June 2015.
[2] Amarnath, Yerramalaa, Ramachandrudu, C., Properties of concrete with coconut shells as
aggregate replacement, International Journal of Engineering Inventions, Vol. 1 (6), pp. 21-
31, Dec 2012.
[3] Daniel, Y., Performance of coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete: a review,
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2 (4), pp. 1096-1100,
May 2013.
[4] Parag, S., Kambli, Sandhya, R., Application of coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete:
a technical review, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4
(3), pp. 498-501. 22, January 2014.
[5] Parag, S., Kambli, Sandhya, R., Compressive strength of concrete by using coconut shell,
International Organization of Scientific Research Journal of Engineering, Vol. 4 (4), pp.
2278- 8719, August 2014.
[6] Olanipekun E.A. et al, –A comparative study of concrete properties using coconut shell and
conventional aggregates as coarse aggregates, International Journal of Building and
Environment 41, pp. 297–301.September 2006
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.01.029
[7] Vishwas, P., Kukarni, Sanjay Kumar, B., Comparative study on coconut shell aggregate with
conventional concrete, International Journal of Engineering and Innovative Technology, Vol.
2 (12), pp. 67-70, October 2013.