Assessment on Cognitive Functioning in Euthymic

Cognitive functioning in euthymic
patients with bipolar disorder: the roles
of sleep and sleep disturbances
Student’s Name:
University:

Table of Contents
Chapter-1 4
Introduction 4
Sleep Disturbance in Bipolar Disorder 4
Cognitive Deficits in Bipolar Disorder 5
Cognitive Functioning in Sleep Deprived in Healthy Controls and Patients with Sleep
Disorder 7
Chapter-3 9
Methodology 9
Participants 9
Inclusion Criteria 9
Exclusion Criteria 10
Informed Consent 10
Measures 10
Clinical Measures 10
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Hamilton, 1960) 10
Young Mania Rating Scale (Young et al., 1978) 10
Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (Hamilton, 1959) 11
Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (Rush et al., 1986) 11
Altman Self- Rating Mania Scale (Altman et al., 1997 11
Sleep Measures 11
Objective measures of Sleep 11
Subjective measures of Sleep 12
Cognitive Measures 12
Neurocognitive measures 12
Wechsler Abbreviated Score of Intelligence 2nd Edition 12
Wechsler Memory Scales 12
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales 4th Edition (WAIS-IV) 13
FAS phonemic fluency task 13
The Hotel Task 13
Subjective cognitive complaints 13
Perceived Deficits Questionnaire 13
Functional Difficulties 14
Functional Assessment Short Test 14
Statistical Analysis 14
Procedure 14
References 16

Chapter-3
Methodology
The present study is formulated in the design of a 2-arm RC trail (i.e., randomised control trial)
which compares between the cognitive remediation therapy with bipolar TAU (i.e., treatment-as-
usual) for euthymic patients. The patients included were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and are
recognized to be in euthymic state with no other disorder. It consists of intervention that would
consist of sessions with a therapist on a regular basis, while the assessment would be carried out

before as well as after the period of intervention followed by a follow-up of period and at a 12-
week. The efficacy of outcome measures such as clinical, sleep as well as cognitive measures
were analyzed at different intervals such as week 0 (baseline), week 13 (after intervention), and
week 25 (follow-up intervention). The present study was based on only the baseline data i.e.,
week-0 (Strawbridge et al., 2016).
Participants
For the purpose of the study 80 adults with bipolar disorder as well as BD-insomnia along with
individuals with no sleep disturbances i.e., healthy controls were selected between the age group
of 19 to 65.
Inclusion Criteria
The patients were considered eligible if:
1) they have met the criteria of DSM-5 TR specific for bipolar disorder, both type I and II.
2) were inter-episode euthymic as defined by a score of less than 7 on Hamilton Depression
Rating Scale (i.e., HAM-D) as well as Young Mania Rating Scale (i.e., YMRS; Young et al.,
1978) and not falling in the criteria for DSM- 5-TR for depression, mania, etc within a duration
of 1 month
3) reported fluency in English with appropriate computer skills
4) depicting stability during a medication regime upto 4-weeks before the enrollment.
Exclusion Criteria
Individuals with any clinical history of alcohol or drug use within 3 months, any present stress
disorder such as post-traumatic, a substantial neurological, neurodegenerative or personality
disorder, any evidence of sleep apnea, individuals working overnight, any suicidal risk,
individuals who have attempted suicide within past 3 months, and pregnant as well as mothers on
breast-feeding.
Informed Consent