Channel Allocation Methods in Cellular Networks

This assignment analyzes two primary channel allocation methods used in cellular networks: fixed and dynamic allocation. It delves into the implementation of each method, highlighting the simplicity of fixed allocation and the adaptability of dynamic allocation. The report also examines the performance benefits of dynamic allocation, such as increased throughput, reduced latency, and enhanced network connectivity. Finally, it concludes by summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches in the context of evolving wireless technology.

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Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Allocation scheme......................................................................................................................3
Fixed channel allocation........................................................................................................3
Problem in Fixed channel allocation......................................................................................3
Dynamic allocation................................................................................................................3
Assumption for the Dynamic channel allocation...................................................................3
Problem in Dynamic channel allocation................................................................................4
Comparison between FCA and DCA.........................................................................................4
Improvement of the performance...............................................................................................4
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................4
References..................................................................................................................................6

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Introduction
The cognitive radio can be considered as a wireless communication system in which a
transceiver can intelligently detect which communication channel are in use and which are
not in use. This can help in moving to a free channel avoiding the occupied one (Han, Dianati
and Nekovee2016). The concept mainly optimizes the use of the radio frequency which is
available while concern to interference which is related to others. Considering the basic form,
the cognitive radio is a technology which is hybrid which involves software defined radio as
applied to the spread spectrum communication. The possible function of the cognitive radio
mainly includes the foremost ability to transceiver to determine the geographic location,
identify and the user authorization, decrypt and encrypt signals, sense wireless neighbouring
devices in the operation and the adjustment of the power output and the characteristics of the
modulation.
The main aim of the report is put emphasis on the channel allocation problem. Taking
into account the concept of how to allocate a single Dynamic Channel Allocations channel
among the users who are competitive. The problem which is related with the techniques is
also taken into consideration and comparison between the fixed channel allocation and the
dynamic channel allocation is put forward.
Allocation scheme
There are mainly two types of allocation process fixed channel allocation and
Dynamic channel allocation.
Fixed channel allocation
This allocation technique can be done using the static multiplexing method which are
FDM and TDM (Frequency / time division Multiplexing). The frequency division

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multiplexing is used in radio or TV broadcasting. Dynamic Channel Allocation on the other
hand time division multiplexing is used in POTS (Plain old telephone system).
Problem in Fixed channel allocation.
The main problem factor which can be related to it is that one’s a channel is allocated
it would not change the channel during its full operation phase (Moisio 2016). The channel
would be fully busy with the process and sometimes resources are needed in some point of
time. The process has to wait in order to gain the resource in the meantime the channel would
be occupied and no other process can be initiated through the channel (Akaiwa and Andoh
2017).
Dynamic allocation
The process of dynamic channel allocation is done using the concept of pure/slotted
ALOHA protocol or the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) PROTOCOL. It is very much
efficient than the process of static channel allocation as it uses the free collision protocol and
does not waste bandwidth (Khodashenas et al. 2016)
Assumption for the Dynamic channel allocation
 Independent traffic: independent stations.
 Single channel: which is available for the communication. All the stations can receive on
and transmit from. Each of the stations are very much equally capable.
 Observe collision: all the station is able to detect collision (Zhao eta l. 2016).
 Slotted time or continuous (for transmission)
 Carrier sense or no sense carrier: without the sense of the carrier stations can tell if the
channel is in use or not before making a move to use the channel (Tomabechi et al. 2016)

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Problem in Dynamic channel allocation.
In the process of dynamic channel allocation, a process is allocated in a channel
randomly. A particular process may require specific bandwidth for its execution. In some
cases, it is seen a process is allocated a specific channel and results in loss of bandwidth. This
bandwidth can be used by another process which require that amount of bandwidth (Joseph,
Borst and Reiman 2016).
Comparison between FCA and DCA
Evaluation Parameter FIXED CHANNEL
ALLOCATION
DYNAMIC CHANNEL
ALLOCATION
Hand off blocking rate High Low
Call dropping probability More Less
Interference minimize Not good Good
Network traffic load Un balance Balance
Utilization of resource Less More
Change AI location Do not change during the
call processing
Dynamically changes
Complexity Less More
Flexibility Less More
Ion cost implement Low High
The average block rate which is related to the handoff of the fixed channel allocation
scheme is relatively high when it is compared to the average rate of blocking which is related
to dynamic channel allocation scheme. In fixed channel allocation a set of channel is
permanently allocated to each of the cell with regards to the network. This leads to be

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channel which is fixed and which does not change during the process (Loo, Mauri and Ortiz
2016). In the dynamic channel allocation schemes, all the channels are kept in a central pool
and rare assigned dynamically to the new cell as they arrive into the system, this change can
be leaded dynamically. In the fixed channel allocation system, the distance which is related to
the cell which is using the same channel is very much minimum reuse distance for that
system.
Improvement of the performance
Parameter 1: Throughout of the system
Parameter 2: Latency decrease
Parameter 3: Connectivity of the network improves (Jiang et al. 2016).
Conclusion
In recent times, the technology of the wireless resource has received much of the
attentions. As a result of which vast amount of innovations are taking place in the concept of
resolving the concept for solving channel allocation problem. This report mainly deals with
the fixed channel allocation and the dynamic channel allocation and comparison is produced
in the prospective of both the technology. The fixed channel allocation scheme is very much
simple to implement and use and does not involve channel utilization constraints. In the
dynamic channel allocation scheme there is no pre assigned channel in the cell of the cellular
network.

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References
Akaiwa, Y. and Andoh, H., 2017. Channel segregation-a self-organized dynamic channel
allocation method: application to TDMA/FDMA microcellular system. IEEE Journal on
Selected Areas in Communications, 11(6), pp.949-954.
Han, C., Dianati, M. and Nekovee, M., 2016. IEEE Wireless Communications and
Networking Conference 2016.
Jiang, D., Ying, X., Han, Y. and Lv, Z., 2016. Collaborative multi-hop routing in cognitive
wireless networks. Wireless personal communications, 86(2), pp.901-923.
Joseph, V., Borst, S. and Reiman, M.I., 2016. Optimal rate allocation for video streaming in
wireless networks with user dynamics. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON),
24(2), pp.820-835.
Kari, H., Nokia Telecommunications Oy, 2016. Channel allocation method for a packet
network. U.S. Patent 6,597,682.
Khodashenas, P.S., Rivas-Moscoso, J.M., Siracusa, D., Pederzolli, F., Shariati, B., Klonidis,
D., Salvadori, E. and Tomkos, I., 2016. Comparison of spectral and spatial super-channel
allocation schemes for SDM networks. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(11), pp.2710-
2716.
Loo, J., Mauri, J.L. and Ortiz, J.H. eds., 2016. Mobile ad hoc networks: current status and
future trends. CRC Press.
Moisio, M., 2016. Channel allocation method in a cellular radio network. U.S. Patent
Application 10/171,380.
Tomabechi, A., Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., 2016. Dynamic channel allocation
method. U.S. Patent 5,260,944.

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Zhao, W., Nishiyama, H., Fadlullah, Z., Kato, N. and Hamaguchi, K., 2016. DAPA: Capacity
optimization in wireless networks through a combined design of density of access points and
partially overlapped channel allocation. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 65(5),
pp.3715-3722.