Routing Protocols and IPv6 Addressing

This assignment delves into the world of computer networking by focusing on routing protocols and IPv6 addressing. It comprises five questions covering topics like inter-domain and intra-domain routing, BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), differences between routing protocols, and IPv6 address formats. The student needs to demonstrate their understanding of these concepts through concise and accurate answers.

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 2, 2017)
Assignment item —Written Assessment
Due date:
11:45pm AEST, Friday, Week 10
ASSESSMEN
T
Weighting: 40% 1
Objectives
This assessment task requires you to demonstrate your knowledge of basic routing concepts
by completing a number of exercise questions. The questions contain numerical as well as
descriptive questions covering the material from Weeks 1 to 9. Question #4 may require
further research.
Completing these questions should help you to achieve the unit learning outcomes as listed in
the unit profile.
Instructions
You must do this assignment on your own – it is not a group assignment.
Type all your answers in the ‘Template for Your Answers’ Section of this document and
upload only that template. You could do that by copying the Template section into a new
Word document for uploading. Answers that are not typed into the “Template for Your
Answers” section may not be marked, or may be returned to you for re-typing and re-
submission – late penalties will apply.
You must show the steps you took to arrive at your answers. Write your answers in your
own words to avoid potential plagiarism and copyright violations.
You must submit the Answer section as a Word file (.doc or .docx).
Plagiarism Procedures can be found in the CQUniversity Policies section of the Unit Profile.
Assessment Requirements and Marking Criteria
There are 5 main questions with some sub-questions and the requirements are stated for each
one. You must answer all 5 questions and their sub-questions. Marks are indicated in the
Answer Template.
The questions will be marked on correctness, logic and clarity, and addressing all parts of the
question.
The Assignment Questions begin on the next page.

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 2, 2017)
Assignment item —Written Assessment
Question 1 – Routing table construction (10 marks)
Given the following network, construct the routing table in longest mask order for routers R2
and R3.
Question 2– Allocating subnets from a block (6 marks)
An ISP grants to a client a block of addresses starting with the address 139.145.56.0/23.
a) Calculate the total number of addresses available in this block including all the special
addresses. Show your calculation (1 mark)
b) The client decides to allocate the available addresses to 3 planned subnets according
to current needs. The plan also called for reserving a subnet block of at least 200
host-ID’s for future needs, and to have no unallocated blocks left over at the end.
Subnet-1 – needs a minimum of 25 host ID’s
Subnet-2 – needs a minimum of 60 host ID’s
Subnet-3 – needs a minimum of 100 host ID’s
Reserved subnet block – a minimum of 200 host ID’s
Create the required subnets, each should include all special addresses. For each
subnet, list the subnet address, the last address, and the subnet prefix in CIDR format.

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 2, 2017)
Assignment item —Written Assessment
Show your calculations for all subnets, that is briefly showing how you arrived at the
sub-block addresses. (4 marks or 1 mark for each correct subnet block plus 1 mark
for achieving no unallocated addresses left over).
Question 3 – Fragmentation (4 marks)
An IP datagram 5,000 bytes long (including header with no options) arrives at a router, which
determines that the next destination has an MTU of 1,500 bytes. Answer the following
questions, showing your calculations and reasoning.
a) Assuming that the router decides to fragment the packet into 4 fragments, for each
fragment, determine a correct size, and identify the starting byte and ending byte (2.5
marks).
b) Calculate the fragmentation offset for each fragment (1 mark).
c) The total number of bytes from all 4 fragments leaving the router should be greater
than the initial datagram size that arrived. Explain why this is so (.5 mark).
Question 4 – Focussed routing study – autonomous systems (15 marks)
Research and review appropriate materials, including reputable online sources and
the textbook, and answer the following questions. It is important to show your
understanding by using your own words. Proper referencing will be expected.
a) Discuss Autonomous Systems. What are they? Why do they exist? (5 marks)
b) Discuss Inter-domain routing. Your discussion must include the major routing
protocols associated with inter-domain routing. (2 marks)
c) Discuss Intra-domain routing. Include in your discussion the major routing
protocols associated with intra-domain routing. (2 marks)
d) Explain the similarities and differences among the major routing protocols. (4 marks)
e) Briefly explain why there are different protocols for inter-domain and intra-domain
routing. (2 marks)
General guidelines: Answer each question directly and briefly, yet clearly and
accurately. Use your own expressions – do not copy whole sentences or paragraphs
from other sources.
Penalties apply for excessive copying from the textbook or other sources, or for
failure to use proper citation/referencing conventions.

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 2, 2017)
Assignment item —Written Assessment
Question 5 (5 marks)
Answer the following questions which are about IPv6 address formatting.
a) Give the fully expanded address of the abbreviated IPv6 address FCAB::CF:AFFF
(1 mark)
b) What is the type of block of the abbreviated IPv6 address
4001:A100:FC1::AE12:5329:FBCA? (1.5 marks)
c) Consider this IPv6 address: 0::138.76.155.7 What type of block address is this, and when
is this type used? (2.5 marks)

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 2, 2017)
Assignment item —Written Assessment
TEMPLATE FOR YOUR ANSWERS
Type your answers in this section in the spaces provided
First Name:_________________________ Last Name:____________________________
Student ID: __________________________
Question Number Mark
allocated
Mark
earned
Question 1: (10 marks)
Routing table of router R2:
Prefix Network address Next-hop address Interface
255.255.0.0 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.2 loopback
255.255.255.0 220.10.40.0 150.3.0.3 M0
255.255.192.0 161.22.0.0 150.3.0.3 M0
255.255.192.0 150.32.0.0 150.3.0.1 M0
255.255.255.0 200.11.60.0 200.21.60.1 M1
255.255.252.0 140.21.0.0 140.21.0.1 M2
255.255.0.0 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.2 loopback
Routing table of router R3:
Prefix Network address Next-hop address Interface
255.255.0.0 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.3 loopback
255.255.255.
0
200.11.60.0 150.3.0.2 M0
255.255.252.
0
140.21.0.0 150.3.0.2 M0
255.255.192.
0
150.32.0.0 150.3.0.1 M0
255.255.255.
0
220.10.40.0 220.10.40.1 M1
255.255.192.
0
161.22.0.0 161.22.0.1 M2
255.255.0.0 150.3.0.0 150.3.0.3 loopback
10 (5 for
each
table)
Question 2: (6 marks)
a) 1

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 2, 2017)
Assignment item —Written Assessment
Host number is 2(32-23) -2 = 510
b) Department Subnet address Last address Mask
Subnet-1 255.255.255.224 139.145.57.222 /27
Subnet-2 255.255.255.192 139.145.57.190 /26
Subnet-3 255.255.255.128 139.145.57.126 /25
Reserved block 255.255.255.0 139.145.56.254 /24
4
From the above subnetting table, we can get total number of allocated
address is (30+62+126+254) = 442 and total available address is 510.
Therefore, total (510-442) = 68 address are left.
1
Question 3: (4 mark)
a)
5000-20 = 4980
1st Fragment Size = 1480 bytes
Offset = 0
Byte range = 0-1479
2nd fragment size 1480 bytes
Offset = 1480
Byte range = 1480 – 2959
3rd fragment size 1480 bytes
Offset = 2960
Byte range = 2960 – 4439
4th fragment size 540 bytes (= 4980-1480-1480-1480)
Offset = 4440
Byte range = 4440 - 4980
2.5
b) Segment 1 offset = 0
Segment 2 offset = 1480
Segment 3 offset = 2960
Segment 4 offset = 4440
1
c)
The actual MTU is 1480 and total fragment size is (1480*4) = 5920 which
is greater than the actual datagram.
.50
Question 4: (15 marks)
a) In autonomous system is a routing policy where a group of network is
controlled by a common network administrative.
In network, autonomous system is used for control all the internet
protocols routing prefixes by the help of a common network admin. It’s
mainly define the routing policy.
5
b) Inter-domain routing is used globally. Its connect all of the network in
internet. The major inter-domain routing protocol is BGP (Border
2

COIT20261 Network Routing and Switching (Term 2, 2017)
Assignment item —Written Assessment
Gateway Protocol).
c) Intra-domain routing conventions bolster one of the two planes, control
and sending, are expected to convey IP parcels over a system. Intra-
domain directing conventions give data to the control plane, which
decides and picks the way to a goal in light of measurements, for
example, number of jumps, deferral, and transmission capacity. The
sending procedure does the genuine addition of the IP bundle into an edge
and advances the casing to the following bounce. RIP and OSPF is the
two protocol that is used in intra-domain routing.
2
d) The similarity between the major routing protocols is they all are used for
routing the network.
And the differences are they have different routing capacity cost matric.
4
e) The inter-domain and intra-domain routing has same functionality but
they operate in different level. The inter domain routing protocols work in
globally but the intra-domain routing work with in one or a group of
organization.
2
Penalties apply for excessive copying from the textbook or other sources, or for failure to use proper
citation/referencing conventions
Question 5: (5 marks)
a) fcab:0:0:0:0:0:cf:afff 1
b) An IPv6 address is made of 128 bits divided into eight 16-bits blocks.
Each block is then converted into 4-digit Hexadecimal numbers separated
by colon symbols.
IPv6 Interface Identifier
1.Unique-Local Address
2.Link-Local Address
1.5
c) An IPv6 address is made of 128 bits divided into eight 16-bits blocks.
Each block is then converted into 4-digit Hexadecimal numbers separated
by colon symbols.
IPv6 Interface Identifier
1.Unique-Local Address
2.Link-Local Address
2.5
Total marks awarded 40 (max)
Less late penalties if applicable
Less plagiarism penalties if applicable
Total marks earned
Markers comments: