Computer Networking: Routing Protocols

This solved assignment delves into the world of computer networking, focusing specifically on routing protocols. It explores both intra-domain (within a network) and inter-domain (between networks) routing protocols, outlining their functions and types. The assignment also examines IPv6 addressing, including its compatibility with IPv4 and how it is used in tunneling. Each section provides clear explanations and examples to enhance understanding.

Running Head: ROUTING AND SWITCHING A NETWORK 1
ROUTING AND SWITCHING A NETWORK 1
[Student First Name]
[Student Last Name]
[Student ID]
[Institution Name]

ROUTING AND SWITCHING A NETWORK 2
Question Number Mark allocated Mark earned
Question 1: (10 marks)
Routing table of router R2:
Prefix Network address Next-hop address Interface
255.255.0.0 150.30.0.0 150.30.0.1
150.30.0.2
150.30.0.3
150.30.0.4
150.30.0.1
150.30.0.2
150.30.0.3
150.30.0.4
255.255.255.0 220.10.40.0 150.30.0.3 220.10.40.1
255.255.192.0 161.22.0.0 150.30.0.3 161.22.0.1
255.255.192.0 150.32.0.0 150.30.0.1 150.32.0.1
255.255.252.0 140.21.0.0 150.30.0.2 140.21.0.1
255.255.255.0 200.11.60.0 150.30.0.2 200.11.60.1
(Jeff, 2016).
Routing table of router R3:
Prefix Network address Next-hop address Interface
255.255.0.0 150.30.0.0 150.30.0.1
150.30.0.2
150.30.0.3
150.30.0.4
150.30.0.1
150.30.0.2
150.30.0.3
150.30.0.4
255.255.192.0 150.32.0.0 150.30.0.0 150.32.0.1
255.255.192.0 161.22.0.0 150.30.0.3 161.22.0.1
255.255.255.0 200.11.60.0 150.30.0.2 200.11.60.1
255.255.252.0 140.21.0.0 150.30.0.2 140.21.0.1
255.255.255.0 220.10.40.0 150.30.0.3 220.10.40.1
10 (5 for each table)

ROUTING AND SWITCHING A NETWORK 3
Question 2: (6 marks)
a)
TOTAL IP address=2n-1
Where n is network address.
N=32-23=9
Total IP address=29-1=511 IP addresses (Narbik,2015). .
1
b) Department Subnet address Last address Mask
Subnet-1 139.145.56.1 139.145.56.63 255.255.255.128
Subnet-2 139.145.56.64 139.145.56.123 255.255.255.192
Subnet-3 139.145.56.124 139.145.56.223 255.255.255.128
Reserved
block
139.145.56.224 139.145.56.511 255.255.255.0
Below is the calculations used:
Subnet-1 – needs a minimum of 25 host ID’s
2n-1=25
64
N=6
H=32-6=25
Mask address:255.255.255.128
Subnet-2 – needs a minimum of 60 host ID’s
2n-1=60
64
N=6
H=32-6=26
Mask address:255.255.255.192
Subnet-3 – needs a minimum of 100 host ID’s
2n-1=100
128
N=7
H=32-7=25
Mask address:255.255.255.128
Reserved subnet block – a minimum of 200 host ID’s
2n-1=200
256
N=8
H=32-8=24
Mask address:255.255.255.0
Where n= network address and h= hosts address
4

ROUTING AND SWITCHING A NETWORK 4
No addresses left over earns 1 mark 1
Question 3: (4 mark)
a) Given the IP datagram is 5000 bytes and the MTU is 1500 bytes
Fragment 1
Header sizes[20] + datagram size[1480] = 1500
Fragment 2
Header sizes[20] + datagram size[1480] = 1500
Fragment 3
Header sizes[20] + datagram size[1480] = 1500
Fragment 4
Header sizes[20] + datagram size[480] = 500
2.5
b) Given the IP datagram is 5000 bytes and the MTU is 1500 bytes
Fragment 1
Flag offsets = 0
Fragment 2
Flag offsets = 14800
Fragment 2
Flag offsets = 2960
Fragment 3
Flag offsets = 4440
Fragment 4
Flag offsets = 4920
1
c) The total number of bytes from all fragments that leaves the router
is greater than the original datagram that arrive in the router this is
because the incoming has no headers but when leaving more header
bytes are added that making number of all bytes to be larger
.50

ROUTING AND SWITCHING A NETWORK 5
(Richard , 2016).
Question 4: (15 marks)
a) The autonomous systems is the group of the internet protocols and
the prefixes used in routing process .it is used where one
administrators is responsible of controlling multiple networks as a
single domain and use it to define policies used for routing those
networks to enable internet connection (Jeff, 2015).
5
b) The inter-domains routing is a mechanism that gives flexibility
while allocating the IP addresses to the network devices unlike the
initial classes of IP addresses.
There are various protocols associated with this routing mechanism
which includes:
i. Border Gateway Protocol and
ii. path-vector protocol.
Where both use the Internet connection from one inter-domain
routing protocol.
2
c) The intra domain routing is a mechanism that is employed in
delivery of data packets over the network, it is responsible of
information provision to the control panels concerning the packets
destinations routes and the information about the number of loops,
time it delays and the networks bandwidths.
There are various protocols used which includes:
i. Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
ii. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
iii. Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)
iv. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
2
d) The routing protocol uses two major protocols and they are the
distance vector and link state protocol the only common thing is
that they are both internet protocols but they have various
differences as in the table below:
4

ROUTING AND SWITCHING A NETWORK 6
Distance vectors protocols Links states protocols
It send whole of the routing
tables
It send the links states information
It converges slowly It is quick to converge
It has high susceptibility looping
while routing
It has low susceptibility
looping while routing
It is easy to do configurations It is hard to do configurations
It doesn’t understand the
topologies of the networks.
It understands the topologies
of the networks.
e) In the routing domains there are various networks that are
controlled by one administrator, however the protocols in the inter-
domain and intra-domain are different since inter-domain protocols
provides external information to the respective domains while the
intra-domain provides operational information internally to the
domains.
2
Question 5: (5 marks)
a) Fully expanded address for FCAB::CF:AFFF is
FCAB:0:0:0:0:0:CF:AFFF
1
b) The type of block is the called Global unicast block since it lies between
2001::0/3 to F800::/3 block.
1.5
c) This type of IP block address is called IPv4-compatible IPv6 Addresses,
and it is mainly used to do tunnelling of data packets from the IPV6
through the IPV4 network.
2.5
Total marks awarded 40 (max)
Less late penalties if applicable
Less plagiarism penalties if applicable
Total marks earned
Markers comments:

ROUTING AND SWITCHING A NETWORK 7
References
Jeff,D.(2015). Routing TCP/IP, Volume 1 ,INDIA: cisco press.
Richard ,S.(2016).TCP/IP Illustrated, Vol. 1: The Protocols ,
INDIA: cisco press.
Narbik,K.(2015). CCIE Routing and Switching v5.1 Foundations: Bridging the Gap Between
CCNP and
CCIE, INDIA: cisco press.
Jeff,D.(2016).Routing TCP/IP, Volume II: CCIE Professional Development ,
INDIA: cisco press.