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2 Introduction The main target of palliative care is towards the improvement of the quality of life for the patient as well as the family and is appropriate within the stage of serious illness. The thesis statement of this essay explores the requirement for the collaborative ethical decision making, personal belief and cultural aspect associated with palliative care of John. This essay will reflect towards the role of the registered nurse that is me in making ethical decisions as well as fulfilling the cultural care requirements while caring for John. Facilitation of Collaborative Decision Making Facilitation of collaborative ethical decision making incorporates the interdisciplinary teamofactiontowardsacurrentstatusofapatient,andthenursescanwork collaboratively towards ensuring the protection of patient rights(Meeker, McGinley & Jezewski, 2019). Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and finally justice are the four major ethical principles on which the interdisciplinary team of action and the patient and their families work collaboratively to make a final decision. Regarding John, the nurses should support his option of refusing treatment to help him to decide to go home. Collaborativedecisionmakingamongthenurseswithintheinterdisciplinaryteam contributes to the autonomy of the patient. . The ethical decision making within a collaborative approach is one of the crucial dimensions within the end of life care that furthermore promotes the autonomy of the patient(Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. 2018).Respect for autonomy is a
3 principle described as the agreement towards respecting the right of self-determination of a course of action of an individual as well as supporting the independent decision making of the patient(Nadin et al., 2018). In this scenario it is difficult to see John to make the decision of stopping the any for the treatment of dialysis towards his health, since I personally do not agree with his decision. However as a registered nurse it is my responsibility to support as well as advocate the right of a patient including the right towards making decisions(Fruch et al., 2016).And though I do not agree with the decision, but I should support the decision made by John who wants to spend the rest of his time with his family for the time he has left and I must respect the wishes and choice of John towards his own medical care. Another aspect of collaborative decision making that the clinical team of the hospital need to consider regarding the current status and the wishes of John includes the principal of Justice which is the driving principle of social equity(Schill & Caxaj, 2019). This consists in deciding whether or not someone will obtain a benefit. For healthcare, benefits must also be balanced by costs in order to decide who is eligible for any form of treatment. In the Code of Ethics for Nurses, the nurses are committed to patients irrespectiveof"socialoreconomicstatus"(Smithard,Mitchell&Patel,2019).In considerationof thecase ofJohn,whohas beendeterminedtostophisfurther treatment, the continuation and keeping John forcefully in the hospital would definitely be futile since according to the medical professions who reviewed the current status of John, who has a little or no hope for recovery and he has only three month’s dialysis for survival.ThedecisiontowardsenablingJohntogotohomeisjustsincethe discontinuation of the future treatment towards him will not be based on ethnicity of
4 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders community, age or the socio economic status of them. The john’s consideration was totally based over the medical diagnosis. Cultural Aspect of palliative care As a nursing professional I agree that culture plays a very important role in palliative care. This is because quality palliative care requires attention towards family cultural values, patient as well as believes(Sinclair et al., 2017). Culture can be considered towards consisting of connections and not separation. As the source of resilience for patients and families, the context of culture plays a very essential role towards the provision of palliative care. The norm, beliefs as well as the practice of the cultural heritageofanindividualguidestheirdecisionmaking,actionsandbehavioural responses(Kilcullen & Ireland, 2017). Considering the case study of John who is a 20 year old Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander, there are some of the cultural practices, believes as well as traditions that John wishes to uphold. According toPfeil et al., (2015), it is essential to ask John who he wants to involve in the discussion making about his health care since he might have decision makers or members whom he like to involve in the discussion of his care. One of the cultural aspect is the concept of spiritualitywhereAboriginalandTorresStraitIslanderpeoplepracticesthetime surrounding the end of someone’s life which they considered to be precious and requirestobeapproachedandrespectedatasafeandresponsiveculturally appropriate manner(McCaffrey et al., 2016). Anotherculturalaspectidentifiedincludesthebarriersofaffordabilityandthe perceptions of palliative care together with the commonality to die close to or at home
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5 with the involvement of family which is one of the integration of the cultural practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community.Indigenous end of life care includes family and cultural values, conventional and holistic ideas regarding health and death, positive contact and geographical isolation challenges, and the end of life treatment of the indigenous people also includesthe engagement of whole community members and family. Health is a traditional and a holistic concept for the Indigenous people. Cultural factors such as family obligation, kingship and responsibilities are of greater importancethanpersonalhealthneeds(Nompumeleloetal.,2019).Thecultural aspects involved in light of the case study of John is that, belonging from an Indigenous community , John wants to fulfil the responsibility of his community tradition of dying at home with the involvement of his family. Reflection on personal belief The personal belief over the context of spirituality is the way of the nursing care towards patient during the end of their life stage. Being a registered nurse I believe that proper dialysis and intervention of John is far more important than spirituality, belief and other cultural barriers that the aboriginal community people practices on end of life time. However in light of the respect towards autonomy as well as the right of the patient, it is my duty to respect the last wish of John and accept his condition since he might draw his end of life strength from his spirituality. Towards prevent my spiritual believes from impacting the quality of care and the role of a registered nurse that I should be practicing and providing John, I will ensure to manage in contacting any office family member so that I can make them understand regarding the medicine and the care they can provide John at their home. Thus it is evident that though the role and the aim of the
6 nurse is to provide the best possible care and treatment to the patient, specifically the palliative care towards John whohave the serious illness of stagerenal disease (Hudsonet al.,2015).The refusal of treatment and care by John followed by his wish to spend his rest of the time that is remaining with his family member at home needs to be accepted to respect his right towards treatment. Conclusion The medical speciality of palliative care is focused over people living with serious challenges or illness together with providing relief from stresses of symptoms and serious health issues. Registered nurses has the responsibility towards treatment, care and support for people during their end of life care which is an essential aspect of palliative care together with adhering to do the basic ethical principle as well as the concepts.
7 References Fruch, V., Monture, L., Prince, H., & Kelley, M. L. (2016). Coming home to die: Six NationsoftheGrandRiverTerritorydevelopscommunity-basedpalliative care.InternationalJournalofIndigenousHealth,11(1),50-74.DOI: 10.18357/ijih111201615303.Retrievedfrom https://142.104.145.26/index.php/ijih/article/viewFile/15303/6552 Holloway, K., Toye, C., McConigley, R., Tieman, J., Currow, D., & Hegarty, M. (2015). Nationalconsultationinformingdevelopmentofguidelinesforapalliative approachforagedcareinthecommunitysetting.Australasianjournalon ageing,34(1),21-26.DOI:10.1111/ajag.12083.Retrievedfrom https://espace.curtin.edu.au/bitstream/handle/20.500.11937/29528/235115_1963 00.pdf?sequence=2 Hudson, P., Trauer, T., Kelly, B., O'Connor, M., Thomas, K., Zordan, R., & Summers, M. (2015). Reducing the psychological distress of family caregivers of home based palliativecarepatients:longertermeffectsfromarandomisedcontrolled trial.Psycho ‐Oncology,24(1),19-24.DOI:10.1002/pon.3610.Retrievedfrom https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pon.3610 Kilcullen, M., & Ireland, S. (2017). Palliative care in the neonatal unit: neonatal nursing staff perceptions of facilitators and barriers in a regional tertiary nursery.BMC palliativecare,16(1),32.DOI:10.1186/s12904-017-0202-3.Retrievedfrom https://bmcpalliatcare.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12904-017-0202-3
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8 McCaffrey, N., Bradley, S., Ratcliffe, J., & Currow, D. C. (2016). What aspects of quality of life are important from palliative care patients' perspectives? A systematic review of qualitative research.Journal of pain and symptom management,52(2), 318-328.DOI:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.02.012.Retrievedfrom https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885392416300781 Meeker, M. A., McGinley, J. M., & Jezewski, M. A. (2019). Metasynthesis: Dying adults’ transitionprocessfromcure‐focusedtocomfort‐focusedcare.Journalof advanced nursing,75(10), 2059-2071. DOI :10.1111/jan.13970.Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jan.13970 Nadin, S., Crow, M., Prince, H., & Kelley, M. L. (2018). Wiisokotaatiwin: development andevaluationofacommunity-basedpalliativecareprogramin NaotkamegwanningFirstNation.Rural&RemoteHealth,18(2).DOI: 10.22605/RRH4317.Retrievedfrom http://eolfn.lakeheadu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Wiisokotaatiwin- Naotkamegwanning-First-Nation.pdf. Nompumelelo, M., Gomo, E., Gqaleni, N., & Ngcobo, M. (2019). Core competencies acquired in indigenous training of traditional health practitioners in Kwazulu- Natal.African Health Sciences,19(4), 3100-3106. DOI :10.4314/ahs.v19i4.32. Retrievedfrom https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ahs/article/viewFile/192293/181417
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