Preliminary Analyses: Descriptive Statistics and Frequency Distribution

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Added on  2022/11/29

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This document provides preliminary analyses of a dataset, including descriptive statistics and frequency distribution. It analyzes variables such as age, gender, race, presence of metastases, tumor size, surgery, treatment, and tumor type. The document also includes chi-square tests and t-tests to determine associations and differences in the data.

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a) Commence with preliminary analyses (data checking) and provide comments.
Answer
Descriptive statistics
Cardiac data set
Table 1 below gives the descriptive statistics for the various variables as can be seen, the average age of the respondents was
found to be 67.47 (SD = 10.32).
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics
bhr basebp dose age baseef
Mean 75.29 135.32 33.75 67.47 55.60
Standard Error 0.65 0.88 0.34 0.53 0.44
Median 74.00 133.00 40.00 69.00 57.00
Mode 72.00 120.00 40.00 67.00 57.00
Standard Deviation 15.42 20.77 8.13 12.59 10.32
Sample Variance 237.63 431.40 66.17 158.41 106.53
Kurtosis 9.79 0.05 -0.29 4.14 1.79
Skewness 1.55 0.41 -1.01 0.06 -1.29
Range 168.00 118.00 30.00 129.00 63.00
Minimum 42.00 85.00 10.00 26.00 20.00
Maximum 210.00 203.00 40.00 155.00 83.00
Sum 42012 75511 18835 37648 31027
Count 558 558 558 558 558
Table 2 below gives the frequency distribution of the categorical variables in the study. As can be seen, majority of the
participants were females (60.6%, n = 338).
Table 2: Frequency distribution table
Frequency (n) Percent (%))
Gender
Male 220 39.4
Female 338 60.6
Total 558 100
Patient experienced chest

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Yes 172 30.8
No 386 69.2
Total 558 100
Signs of heart attack on the ECG
Yes 71 12.7
No 487 87.3
Total 558 100
Stress Echocardiogram was positive
Yes 136 24.4
No 422 75.6
Total 558 100
Patient has a history of hypertension
Yes 393 70.4
No 165 29.6
Total 558 100
Patient has a history of diabetes
Yes 206 36.9
No 352 63.1
Total 558 100
Patient has a history of smoking
Yes 122 21.9
No 436 78.1
Total 558 100
Patient has a history of heart attack
Yes 154 27.6
No 404 72.4
Total 558 100
Patient has a history of angioplasty
Yes 41 7.3
No 517 92.7
Total 558 100
Patient has a history of bypass surgery
Yes 88 15.8
No 470 84.2
Total 558 100
The patient died
Yes 25 4.5
No 533 95.5
Total 558 100
Thyroid dataset
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The average age of the participants in this study was found to be 38.97 (SD = 10.48) with the average time being 41.60 (SD
= 16.78).
Table 3: Descriptive statistics
age time
Mean 38.97 41.60
Standard Error 1.28 2.05
Median 37.00 44.00
Mode 33.00 55.00
Standard Deviation 10.48 16.78
Sample Variance 109.91 281.70
Kurtosis 0.15 -0.58
Skewness 0.65 -0.73
Range 49.00 58.00
Minimum 19.00 2.00
Maximum 68.00 60.00
Sum 2611 2787
Count 67 67
For the frequencies, we found out that the female patients were the majority (70.1%, n = 29.9). In terms of race, majority
were the whites (44.8%, n = 30) followed by the Blacks (35.8%, n = 24) and lastly the Asians were represented by 19.4% (n
= 13).
Table 4: Frequency distribution
Frequency (n) Percent (%)
Patient Gender
Male 20 29.9
Female 47 70.1
Total 67 100.0
Patient Race
White 30 44.8
Black 24 35.8
Asian/other 13 19.4
Total 67 100.0
Presence of regional lymph node metastases at diagnosis
Yes 17 25.4
No 50 74.6
Total 67 100.0
Tumor Size
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< 1.5cm 14 20.9
1.5-4.4cm 37 55.2
>=4.5cm 16 23.9
Total 67 100.0
Surgery greater than lobectomy
Yes 17 25.4
No 50 74.6
Total 67 100.0
Time to treatment
< 4 months 39 58.2
4-8 months 19 28.4
>=8 months 9 13.4
Total 67 100.0
Five year survival status
Alive 51 76.1
Dead 16 23.9
Total 67 100.0
Tumor Type
Papillary 18 26.9
Follicular 49 73.1
Total 67 100.0

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b) AGE
The above boxplot shows that the age distribution for the status (those alive and dead) are not normally distributed.
T-test
Group Statistics
status N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
age 1 51 38.18 10.543 1.476
2 16 41.50 10.205 2.551
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means
F Sig. t df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Difference
Std. Error
Difference
age Equal variances assumed .008 .929 -1.108 65 .272 -3.324 2.999
Equal variances not assumed -1.128 25.858 .270 -3.324 2.947
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The results of the t-test for determining the average age difference between those alive and those dead shows that there is no
significant difference in the age of the two groups (p > 0.05). The average age for those alive was 38.18 (SD = 10.54) while the
average age for the dead was 41.50 (SD = 10.21).
GENDER
status
1 2
Count Count
gender 1 16 4
2 35 12
CHI-TEST
Pearson Chi-Square Tests
status
gender Chi-square .236
df 1
Sig. .627a
Results are based on nonempty rows and columns in each innermost subtable.
a. More than 20% of cells in this subtable have expected cell counts less than 5. Chi-square
results may be invalid.
A chi-square test of association was performed to test for the association between gender and status. Results showed that there is no
association between gender of the participant and the status (Whether alive or dead) of the participant (p > 0.05).
RACE
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a race .149 .373 .159 1 .690 1.161
Constant -1.423 .727 3.825 1 .050 .241
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: race.
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METASTASES
status
1 2
Count Count
metastases 1 10 7
2 41 9
Pearson Chi-Square Tests
status
metastases Chi-square 3.749
df 1
Sig. .053a
Results are based on nonempty rows and columns in each innermost subtable.
a. More than 20% of cells in this subtable have expected cell counts less than 5. Chi-square results may be invalid.
A chi-square test of association was performed to test for the association between presence of metastases and status. Results showed
that there is no association between presence of metastases and the status (Whether alive or dead) of the participant (p > 0.05).
SIZE

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T-Test
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a size 2.547 3 .467
size(1) 19.904 40192.486 .000 1 1.000 440580337.853
size(2) 19.748 40192.486 .000 1 1.000 376940955.718
size(3) 20.797 40192.486 .000 1 1.000 1076974159.195
Constant -21.203 40192.486 .000 1 1.000 .000
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: size.
SURGERY
status
1 2
Count Count
surgery 1 15 2
2 36 14
Pearson Chi-Square Tests
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status
surgery Chi-square 1.840
df 1
Sig. .175a
Results are based on nonempty rows and columns in each innermost subtable.
a. More than 20% of cells in this subtable have expected cell counts less than 5. Chi-square results may be invalid.
A chi-square test of association was performed to test for the association between surgery and status. Results showed that there is no
association between surgery and the status (Whether alive or dead) of the participant (p > 0.05).
TREATENT
status
1 2
Count Count
treatment 1 34 5
2 14 5
3 3 6
Pearson Chi-Square Tests
status
treatment Chi-square 11.750
df 2
Sig. .003*,b
Results are based on nonempty rows and columns in each innermost subtable.
*. The Chi-square statistic is significant at the .05 level.
b. More than 20% of cells in this subtable have expected cell counts less than 5. Chi-square results may be invalid.
A chi-square test of association was performed to test for the association between treatment and status. Results showed that there is
significant association between treatment and the status (Whether alive or dead) of the participant (p < 0.05).
TYPE
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status
1 2
Count Count
type 1 11 7
2 40 9
Pearson Chi-Square Tests
status
type Chi-square 3.050
df 1
Sig. .081a
Results are based on nonempty rows and columns in each innermost subtable.
a. More than 20% of cells in this subtable have expected cell counts less than 5. Chi-square results may be invalid.
A chi-square test of association was performed to test for the association between tumour type and status. Results showed that there
is no significant association between tumour type and the status (Whether alive or dead) of the participant (p > 0.05).
C)
AGE
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a age .030 .027 1.216 1 .270 1.030
Constant -2.344 1.133 4.282 1 .039 .096
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: age.
GENDER
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314

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Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a gender(1) -.316 .651 .235 1 .628 .729
Constant -1.070 .335 10.239 1 .001 .343
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: gender.
RACE
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a race .462 2 .794
race(1) -.379 .740 .262 1 .609 .685
race(2) -.524 .783 .448 1 .504 .592
Constant -.811 .601 1.821 1 .177 .444
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: race.
METASTASES
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a metastases(1) 1.160 .615 3.554 1 .059 3.189
Constant -1.516 .368 16.969 1 .000 .220
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: metastases.
SIZE
Variables in the Equation
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B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a size .429 .428 1.005 1 .316 1.536
Constant -2.056 .960 4.583 1 .032 .128
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: size.
SURGERY
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a surgery(1) -1.070 .816 1.721 1 .190 .343
Constant -.944 .315 8.991 1 .003 .389
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: surgery.
TREATMENT
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a treatment 9.350 2 .009
treatment(1) -2.610 .854 9.340 1 .002 .074
treatment(2) -1.723 .878 3.847 1 .050 .179
Constant .693 .707 .961 1 .327 2.000
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: treatment.
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TYPE
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a type(1) 1.040 .608 2.922 1 .087 2.828
Constant -1.492 .369 16.347 1 .000 .225
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: type.
MULTIPLE LOGISTIC REGRESSION
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a age .059 .036 2.655 1 .103 1.061
gender .813 .848 .919 1 .338 2.254
race 1.698 2 .428
race(1) -.525 .932 .318 1 .573 .591
race(2) -1.335 1.028 1.685 1 .194 .263
metastases .198 1.256 .025 1 .874 1.219
size .192 3 .979
size(1) 19.378 40192.889 .000 1 1.000 260447147.421
size(2) 19.044 40192.889 .000 1 1.000 186513923.426
size(3) 18.897 40192.889 .000 1 1.000 161057278.295
surgery 1.306 1.054 1.535 1 .215 3.690
treatment 5.792 2 .055
treatment(1) -2.929 1.231 5.661 1 .017 .053
treatment(2) -1.508 1.108 1.851 1 .174 .221
type -1.760 .866 4.129 1 .042 .172

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Constant -21.114 40192.889 .000 1 1.000 .000
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: age, gender, race, metastases, size, surgery, treatment, type.
Only treatment is statistically significant(p<0.05)
The multiple regression presented above shows that only one predictor variable was significant in the model (Tumour type), the rest
of the predictor variables were all insignificant. The tumour size shows that the larger the tumour size, the less the probability of
surviving (being alive).
BACKWARD LR
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a age .059 .036 2.655 1 .103 1.061
gender .813 .848 .919 1 .338 2.254
race 1.698 2 .428
race(1) -.525 .932 .318 1 .573 .591
race(2) -1.335 1.028 1.685 1 .194 .263
metastases .198 1.256 .025 1 .874 1.219
size .192 3 .979
size(1) 19.378 40192.889 .000 1 1.000 260447147.421
size(2) 19.044 40192.889 .000 1 1.000 186513923.426
size(3) 18.897 40192.889 .000 1 1.000 161057278.295
surgery 1.306 1.054 1.535 1 .215 3.690
treatment 5.792 2 .055
treatment(1) -2.929 1.231 5.661 1 .017 .053
treatment(2) -1.508 1.108 1.851 1 .174 .221
type -1.760 .866 4.129 1 .042 .172
Constant -21.114 40192.889 .000 1 1.000 .000
Step 2a age .059 .035 2.753 1 .097 1.060
gender .747 .820 .830 1 .362 2.110
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race 1.967 2 .374
race(1) -.487 .893 .298 1 .585 .614
race(2) -1.382 1.005 1.891 1 .169 .251
metastases .328 1.042 .099 1 .753 1.388
surgery 1.327 1.065 1.553 1 .213 3.771
treatment 6.156 2 .046
treatment(1) -2.865 1.168 6.015 1 .014 .057
treatment(2) -1.424 1.046 1.852 1 .173 .241
type -1.805 .849 4.522 1 .033 .164
Constant -2.158 3.554 .369 1 .544 .116
Step 3a age .061 .035 3.059 1 .080 1.063
gender .677 .784 .746 1 .388 1.969
race 1.941 2 .379
race(1) -.474 .894 .281 1 .596 .623
race(2) -1.365 1.001 1.858 1 .173 .255
surgery 1.209 .984 1.509 1 .219 3.351
treatment 8.143 2 .017
treatment(1) -2.650 .943 7.900 1 .005 .071
treatment(2) -1.314 .982 1.791 1 .181 .269
type -1.754 .828 4.486 1 .034 .173
Constant -1.577 3.022 .272 1 .602 .207
Step 4a age .057 .034 2.844 1 .092 1.058
race 1.640 2 .441
race(1) -.564 .889 .402 1 .526 .569
race(2) -1.253 .985 1.620 1 .203 .286
surgery 1.109 .963 1.328 1 .249 3.032
treatment 8.302 2 .016
treatment(1) -2.684 .944 8.079 1 .004 .068
treatment(2) -1.366 .978 1.950 1 .163 .255
type -1.645 .805 4.181 1 .041 .193
Constant -.227 2.563 .008 1 .929 .797
Step 5a age .051 .033 2.377 1 .123 1.052
surgery 1.266 .968 1.710 1 .191 3.548
treatment 7.991 2 .018
treatment(1) -2.533 .920 7.572 1 .006 .079
treatment(2) -1.193 .949 1.579 1 .209 .303
type -1.478 .780 3.592 1 .058 .228
Constant -1.343 2.433 .305 1 .581 .261
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Step 6a age .044 .033 1.840 1 .175 1.045
treatment 8.690 2 .013
treatment(1) -2.566 .881 8.483 1 .004 .077
treatment(2) -1.384 .920 2.263 1 .133 .250
type -1.270 .740 2.949 1 .086 .281
Constant .943 1.663 .322 1 .571 2.568
Step 7a treatment 8.726 2 .013
treatment(1) -2.576 .878 8.597 1 .003 .076
treatment(2) -1.498 .906 2.734 1 .098 .224
type -1.061 .696 2.323 1 .127 .346
Constant 2.392 1.360 3.096 1 .079 10.938
Step 8a treatment 9.350 2 .009
treatment(1) -2.610 .854 9.340 1 .002 .074
treatment(2) -1.723 .878 3.847 1 .050 .179
Constant .693 .707 .961 1 .327 2.000
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: age, gender, race, metastases, size, surgery, treatment, type.
Only treatment is statistically significant(p < 0.05)
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant -1.159 .287 16.367 1 .000 .314
d)
Hosmer and Lemeshow Test
Step Chi-square df Sig.
1 .000 1 1.000
H-L goodness of fit test suggests the model is a good fit to the data as p > 0.05
Contingency Table for Hosmer and Lemeshow Test
status = 1 status = 2
TotalObserved Expected Observed Expected
Step 1 1 34 34.000 5 5.000 39

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2 14 14.000 5 5.000 19
3 3 3.000 6 6.000 9
SPECIFICITY= 94.1% SENSITIVITY=37.5%
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a treatment 9.350 2 .009
treatment(1) -2.610 .854 9.340 1 .002 .074
treatment(2) -1.723 .878 3.847 1 .050 .179
Constant .693 .707 .961 1 .327 2.000
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: treatment.
Classification Tablea
Observed
Predicted
status Percentage
Correct1 2
Step 1 status 1 48 3 94.1
2 10 6 37.5
Overall Percentage 80.6
a. The cut value is .500
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CARDIAC
bhr
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a bhr -.002 .007 .070 1 .792 .998
Constant 1.809 .571 10.053 1 .002 6.105
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: bhr.
Base bp

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Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a basebp -.004 .006 .609 1 .435 .996
Constant 2.247 .762 8.699 1 .003 9.457
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: basebp.
Dose
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a dose .020 .014 2.180 1 .140 1.020
Constant .994 .461 4.660 1 .031 2.703
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: dose.
Age
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a age -.013 .009 1.922 1 .166 .987
Constant 2.533 .645 15.431 1 .000 12.587
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: age.
Gender
Variables in the Equation
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B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a gender(1) -.433 .233 3.470 1 .062 .648
Constant 1.848 .159 135.732 1 .000 6.348
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: gender.
Baseef
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a baseef .051 .010 26.339 1 .000 1.053
Constant -1.106 .536 4.261 1 .039 .331
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: baseef.
chestpain
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a chestpai(1) -.336 .242 1.931 1 .165 .715
Constant 1.774 .145 150.624 1 .000 5.893
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: chestpai.
PoseECG
Variables in the Equation
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B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a posecg(1) -1.117 .286 15.253 1 .000 .327
Constant 1.853 .132 195.901 1 .000 6.379
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: posecg.
PosSE
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a posse(1) -1.505 .242 38.566 1 .000 .222
Constant 2.176 .161 182.914 1 .000 8.814
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: posse.
HxofHT
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a hxofht .754 .292 6.666 1 .010 2.126
Constant 1.477 .130 129.844 1 .000 4.380
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: hxofht.
Hxofdm
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a hxofdm(1) -.617 .233 6.996 1 .008 .540
Constant 1.920 .160 144.709 1 .000 6.822

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a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: hxofdm.
Hxofcig
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a hxofcig 2.065 2 .356
hxofcig(1) -.401 .282 2.016 1 .156 .670
hxofcig(2) -.198 .283 .491 1 .483 .820
Constant 1.808 .166 117.878 1 .000 6.095
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: hxofcig.
hxofMI
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a hxofmi(1) -.990 .238 17.227 1 .000 .372
Constant 2.004 .154 169.820 1 .000 7.417
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: hxofmi.
HxofPTCA
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a hxofptca(1) -.429 .396 1.173 1 .279 .651
Constant 1.698 .122 194.943 1 .000 5.462
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: hxofptca.
hxofCABG
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Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a hxofcabg(1) -.536 .286 3.518 1 .061 .585
Constant 1.760 .130 182.326 1 .000 5.812
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: hxofcabg.
Newmi
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a newmi(1) -5.317 1.027 26.791 1 .000 .005
Constant 2.021 .135 223.685 1 .000 7.548
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: newmi.
NeWptca
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a newptca(1) -23.226 7735.141 .000 1 .998 .000
Constant 2.023 .135 224.214 1 .000 7.565
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: newptca.
Newcabg
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Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a newcabg(1) -23.328 6996.698 .000 1 .997 .000
Constant 2.125 .141 225.955 1 .000 8.375
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: newcabg.
Death
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a death(1) -5.152 1.029 25.061 1 .000 .006
Constant 1.974 .132 222.414 1 .000 7.200
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: death.
Multiple regression
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a bhr -.342 182.343 .000 1 .999 .710
basebp -.311 81.289 .000 1 .997 .732
dose .278 225.287 .000 1 .999 1.321
age .150 225.325 .000 1 .999 1.162
gender .401 9141.192 .000 1 1.000 1.494

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baseef -.444 288.043 .000 1 .999 .642
chestpai -33.650 3043.091 .000 1 .991 .000
posecg 10.476 6097.862 .000 1 .999 35449.787
posse -1.161 8639.732 .000 1 1.000 .313
hxofht -9.350 6522.642 .000 1 .999 .000
hxofdm 5.626 5928.312 .000 1 .999 277.551
hxofcig .000 2 1.000
hxofcig(1) -22.734 4475.181 .000 1 .996 .000
hxofcig(2) -23.519 6441.913 .000 1 .997 .000
hxofmi 11.581 5575.071 .000 1 .998 106997.268
hxofptca 7.764 9977.455 .000 1 .999 2355.320
hxofcabg -10.390 6157.801 .000 1 .999 .000
newmi 92.080 8043.116 .000 1 .991 9.773E+39
newptca 126.527 8707.673 .000 1 .988 8.916E+54
newcabg 127.649 12318.646 .000 1 .992 2.738E+55
death 83.086 4150.041 .000 1 .984 1.212E+36
Constant -277.465 21236.331 .000 1 .990 .000
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: bhr, basebp, dose, age, gender, baseef, chestpai, posecg, posse, hxofht,
hxofdm, hxofcig, hxofmi, hxofptca, hxofcabg, newmi, newptca, newcabg, death.
Backward
Variables in the Equation
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 0 Constant 1.662 .116 206.620 1 .000 5.270
ddd
Variables in the Equationc
B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B)
Step 1a bhr -.342 182.343 .000 1 .999 .710
basebp -.311 81.289 .000 1 .997 .732
dose .278 225.287 .000 1 .999 1.321
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age .150 225.325 .000 1 .999 1.162
gender .401 9141.192 .000 1 1.000 1.494
baseef -.444 288.043 .000 1 .999 .642
chestpai -33.650 3043.091 .000 1 .991 .000
posecg 10.476 6097.862 .000 1 .999 35449.787
posse -1.161 8639.732 .000 1 1.000 .313
hxofht -9.350 6522.642 .000 1 .999 .000
hxofdm 5.626 5928.312 .000 1 .999 277.551
hxofcig .000 2 1.000
hxofcig(1) -22.734 4475.181 .000 1 .996 .000
hxofcig(2) -23.519 6441.913 .000 1 .997 .000
hxofmi 11.581 5575.071 .000 1 .998 106997.268
hxofptca 7.764 9977.455 .000 1 .999 2355.320
hxofcabg -10.390 6157.801 .000 1 .999 .000
newmi 92.080 8043.116 .000 1 .991 9.773E+39
newptca 126.527 8707.673 .000 1 .988 8.916E+54
newcabg 127.649 12318.646 .000 1 .992 2.738E+55
death 83.086 4150.041 .000 1 .984 1.212E+36
Constant -277.465 21236.331 .000 1 .990 .000
Step 2a bhr -.723 149.461 .000 1 .996 .485
basebp -.413 61.294 .000 1 .995 .662
dose .449 317.106 .000 1 .999 1.567
age -.340 298.758 .000 1 .999 .712
gender 16.484 3512.214 .000 1 .996 14419867.729
baseef -1.268 158.505 .000 1 .994 .281
chestpai -59.374 8478.149 .000 1 .994 .000
posecg 31.484 3945.081 .000 1 .994 4713610590295
0.750
posse -6.473 11535.536 .000 1 1.000 .002
hxofht -14.465 14129.186 .000 1 .999 .000
hxofdm 25.301 2468.047 .000 1 .992 97333533322.97
4
hxofmi 9.212 5711.367 .000 1 .999 10016.913
hxofptca 12.034 13678.302 .000 1 .999 168354.537
hxofcabg -12.520 4185.502 .000 1 .998 .000
newmi 134.342 7753.957 .000 1 .986 2.209E+58
newptca 214.008 22170.027 .000 1 .992 8.759E+92
newcabg 181.386 20287.748 .000 1 .993 5.954E+78
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death 121.189 6230.500 .000 1 .984 4.285E+52
Constant -383.563 37662.406 .000 1 .992 .000
Step 3a bhr -.732 176.837 .000 1 .997 .481
basebp -.393 43.509 .000 1 .993 .675
dose .492 338.940 .000 1 .999 1.635
age -.265 254.800 .000 1 .999 .767
gender 18.228 1999.256 .000 1 .993 82457553.256
baseef -1.273 172.495 .000 1 .994 .280
chestpai -62.279 6655.880 .000 1 .993 .000
posecg 30.195 3899.547 .000 1 .994 1298744372278
3.557
hxofht -7.140 5354.066 .000 1 .999 .001
hxofdm 25.792 2141.439 .000 1 .990 159027888146.3
08
hxofmi 12.161 2807.657 .000 1 .997 191141.805
hxofptca 5.333 4475.371 .000 1 .999 207.039
hxofcabg -11.102 2542.140 .000 1 .997 .000
newmi 131.037 5440.450 .001 1 .981 8.099E+56
newptca 203.033 7287.868 .001 1 .978 1.500E+88
newcabg 171.616 7834.509 .000 1 .983 3.404E+74
death 119.545 6228.257 .000 1 .985 8.271E+51
Constant -367.287 31327.744 .000 1 .991 .000
Step 4a bhr -.746 147.839 .000 1 .996 .474
basebp -.392 38.148 .000 1 .992 .676
dose .463 276.783 .000 1 .999 1.589
age -.264 233.353 .000 1 .999 .768
gender 17.982 1870.301 .000 1 .992 64459172.150
baseef -1.261 147.600 .000 1 .993 .283
chestpai -61.767 5585.068 .000 1 .991 .000
posecg 30.846 3357.133 .000 1 .993 2489772310972
3.727
hxofht -6.418 4635.817 .000 1 .999 .002
hxofdm 25.806 1991.896 .000 1 .990 161206539103.9
94
hxofmi 12.086 2838.769 .000 1 .997 177331.538
hxofcabg -10.951 2669.804 .000 1 .997 .000
newmi 130.387 4908.415 .001 1 .979 4.232E+56
newptca 202.749 7155.693 .001 1 .977 1.129E+88

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newcabg 171.861 7287.549 .001 1 .981 4.346E+74
death 119.120 5551.450 .000 1 .983 5.411E+51
Constant -360.807 28806.831 .000 1 .990 .000
Step 5a bhr -.764 105.181 .000 1 .994 .466
basebp -.381 30.842 .000 1 .990 .683
dose .514 143.461 .000 1 .997 1.672
gender 16.933 1397.847 .000 1 .990 22590425.126
baseef -1.332 78.444 .000 1 .986 .264
chestpai -62.977 3244.880 .000 1 .985 .000
posecg 32.780 1902.774 .000 1 .986 1723332929331
67.970
hxofht -8.476 3673.758 .000 1 .998 .000
hxofdm 27.076 1464.847 .000 1 .985 574296633537.4
71
hxofmi 15.091 3090.724 .000 1 .996 3581213.997
hxofcabg -12.819 3957.993 .000 1 .997 .000
newmi 131.890 3825.431 .001 1 .972 1.902E+57
newptca 202.214 7331.065 .001 1 .978 6.616E+87
newcabg 173.727 7100.542 .001 1 .980 2.810E+75
death 122.848 3472.777 .001 1 .972 2.251E+53
Constant -383.550 12871.161 .001 1 .976 .000
Step 6a bhr -.662 97.508 .000 1 .995 .516
basebp -.359 25.923 .000 1 .989 .698
dose .646 136.385 .000 1 .996 1.908
gender 16.909 1531.933 .000 1 .991 22051318.312
baseef -1.345 79.868 .000 1 .987 .261
chestpai -64.531 3243.345 .000 1 .984 .000
posecg 32.942 1731.094 .000 1 .985 2025691655492
37.620
hxofdm 28.003 1460.112 .000 1 .985 1450937615848.
935
hxofmi 10.897 2565.567 .000 1 .997 54032.297
hxofcabg -7.427 3385.571 .000 1 .998 .001
newmi 130.595 3678.631 .001 1 .972 5.208E+56
newptca 199.695 7039.695 .001 1 .977 5.326E+86
newcabg 168.317 6434.294 .001 1 .979 1.256E+73
death 122.221 3401.162 .001 1 .971 1.202E+53
Constant -389.847 13502.619 .001 1 .977 .000
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Step 7a bhr -.526 82.795 .000 1 .995 .591
basebp -.339 35.875 .000 1 .992 .713
dose .853 104.674 .000 1 .993 2.346
gender 14.801 2257.992 .000 1 .995 2679407.653
baseef -1.423 87.624 .000 1 .987 .241
chestpai -69.908 4901.402 .000 1 .989 .000
posecg 33.553 2556.517 .000 1 .990 3730344497500
47.100
hxofdm 29.461 1988.489 .000 1 .988 6236178603951.
711
hxofmi 7.433 1064.740 .000 1 .994 1690.703
newmi 135.784 4615.753 .001 1 .977 9.338E+58
newptca 205.958 7195.439 .001 1 .977 2.795E+89
newcabg 167.441 6032.003 .001 1 .978 5.232E+72
death 127.320 3599.037 .001 1 .972 1.970E+55
Constant -417.723 12638.944 .001 1 .974 .000
Step 8a bhr -.680 106.161 .000 1 .995 .507
basebp -.475 24.454 .000 1 .985 .622
gender 16.888 1590.124 .000 1 .992 21596501.299
baseef -1.216 68.878 .000 1 .986 .296
chestpai -60.982 2793.389 .000 1 .983 .000
posecg 35.439 2088.800 .000 1 .986 2459099274179
202.500
hxofdm 30.690 2118.920 .000 1 .988 2129755906842
5.703
hxofmi 6.309 1574.651 .000 1 .997 549.621
newmi 139.109 3900.251 .001 1 .972 2.596E+60
newptca 216.735 7130.324 .001 1 .976 1.339E+94
newcabg 189.268 6072.262 .001 1 .975 1.578E+82
death 127.115 3308.872 .001 1 .969 1.604E+55
Constant -407.700 12637.938 .001 1 .974 .000
Step 9a bhr -1.120 80.658 .000 1 .989 .326
basebp -.520 25.734 .000 1 .984 .595
gender 15.916 1623.616 .000 1 .992 8166610.895
baseef -1.359 63.944 .000 1 .983 .257
chestpai -64.236 3214.185 .000 1 .984 .000
posecg 31.508 1544.887 .000 1 .984 4828728351344
0.790
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hxofdm 22.901 2252.127 .000 1 .992 8830036471.484
newmi 149.400 4219.635 .001 1 .972 7.650E+64
newptca 230.455 7042.316 .001 1 .974 1.217E+100
newcabg 204.575 6061.865 .001 1 .973 7.013E+88
death 133.681 3477.599 .001 1 .969 1.140E+58
Constant -388.727 11005.295 .001 1 .972 .000
Step 10a basebp -.608 22.992 .001 1 .979 .545
gender 36.227 929.592 .002 1 .969 5412289549176
439.000
baseef -2.025 58.794 .001 1 .973 .132
chestpai -94.575 2317.920 .002 1 .967 .000
posecg 51.977 2907.476 .000 1 .986 3744720083410
9380000000.000
hxofdm 39.117 1766.323 .000 1 .982 9731273721780
8704.000
newmi 204.624 4009.713 .003 1 .959 7.362E+88
newptca 302.100 6954.236 .002 1 .965 1.585E+131
newcabg 243.669 5687.229 .002 1 .966 6.672E+105
death 181.083 3638.315 .002 1 .960 4.400E+78
Constant -618.704 13728.592 .002 1 .964 .000
Step 11a basebp -1.007 18.785 .003 1 .957 .365
gender 40.667 1236.835 .001 1 .974 4584600666313
43940.000
baseef -2.347 46.581 .003 1 .960 .096
chestpai -135.627 2864.778 .002 1 .962 .000
hxofdm 21.052 1123.167 .000 1 .985 1388748166.583
newmi 286.240 4704.452 .004 1 .951 2.053E+124
newptca 375.659 7171.697 .003 1 .958 1.402E+163
newcabg 349.686 6198.428 .003 1 .955 7.357E+151
death 229.605 3779.580 .004 1 .952 5.203E+99
Constant -733.368 12375.310 .004 1 .953 .000
Step 12a basebp -1.564 21.432 .005 1 .942 .209
gender 45.120 677.967 .004 1 .947 3939206953271
7500000.000
baseef -3.608 50.155 .005 1 .943 .027
chestpai -226.880 3062.149 .005 1 .941 .000
newmi 442.699 5643.103 .006 1 .937 1.827E+192
newptca 549.055 7756.304 .005 1 .944 2.829E+238

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newcabg 492.042 6813.867 .005 1 .942 4.912E+213
death 339.999 4340.732 .006 1 .938 4.566E+147
Constant -1028.431 13578.528 .006 1 .940 .000
Step 13b basebp -1.568 21.579 .005 1 .942 .208
gender 45.369 699.823 .004 1 .948 5052593657430
4810000.000
baseef -3.624 51.376 .005 1 .944 .027
chestpai -227.652 3113.328 .005 1 .942 .000
posecg 80.800 16379.147 .000 1 .996 1232964767314
4707000000000
0000000000.000
newmi 443.951 5738.868 .006 1 .938 6.389E+192
newptca 550.635 7901.613 .005 1 .944 1.373E+239
newcabg 468.444 6546.114 .005 1 .943 2.770E+203
death 340.846 4404.443 .006 1 .938 1.066E+148
Constant -1086.927 21894.378 .002 1 .960 .000
a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: bhr, basebp, dose, age, gender, baseef, chestpai, posecg, posse, hxofht,
hxofdm, hxofcig, hxofmi, hxofptca, hxofcabg, newmi, newptca, newcabg, death.
b. Variable(s) entered on step 13: posecg.
c. Stepwise procedure stopped because removing the least significant variable results in a previously fitted
model.
D) Nothing is significance so it’s not good model.
E) Interpretation
The above results and analysis for the cardiac data shows that none of the predictor variables is significant in the model hence model is not fit
(significant) to predict the dependent variable.
For the thyroid data, it was established that only one predictor variable (tumour size) was found to be significant in the model. The coefficient
for the tumour size was negative implying that an increased tumour size reduces the probability of being alive.
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