Full-Duplex Communication: Challenges, Possibilities, and Solutions

Communication 1
FULL-DUPLEX COMMUNICATION
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Communication 2
Introduction
Full-duplex communication ensures data transfer simultaneously in two directions (Pirinen,
2014). Full-Duplex communication systems are majorly taken to be among the better solutions to
greater wireless networks that are spectrally efficient (M et al., 2015). The reason behind this
notion is to make it possible for utilizing the already existing spectral and temporal resources to a
great deal of extent during the simultaneous transmission and reception of data signals using a
similar data frequency centre. In theory, achieving such technology would be doubling the rate of
data without needing additional bandwidths (Ma et al., 2015). This important in the development
of the 5G era (Ma et al., 2015). The full-duplex communication, therefore, could be a crucial step
and an enabler to the required huge increase in data transmission. Hence, the implementation of
full-duplex is one tempting project. This article will be looking into the challenges, possibilities
and solution for implementing the full-duplex on personal communication systems.
Issues
In theory, the well-known cancelling self-interference is well achieved by the subtraction of the
transmitting signal from the total receiving signal waveform (Ma, et al., 2015). In practice,
however, the SI signals are always distorted in a nonlinear or linear manner during attempts for
propagating and reception. Hence, there exist trivial difficulties in accurately reproducing a
sufficient signal cancellation. How the SI signals are attenuated using enough quantity is the
central problem for researching that requires resolving before the implementation of practical
full-duplex communication systems.
There is a non-linear distortion of coming from impaired analogue equipment (Fettweis &
Alamouti, 2014). This issue is prominent in mobile scale devices that make use of low-cost RF

Communication 3
components that are mass-produced. This reason creates a typical assumption that the personal
communication networks have their base stations able to use the full-duplex mods for
communication while the mobiles are half-duplex.
On the other hand, giving a limit to only the network element side’s operation for full-duplex is
not the way to capitalize on the full-duplex principle’s full potential. When the mobile devices
have the capability to use full-duplex, is when the total rate of data for corresponding personal
communication increase (Zhang, et al., 2017).
Challenges
Firstly, there exists a restricted dimension within the full-duplex personal communication
transceiver and this gives a possibility of a non-existing space for separating the receive and
transmit antennas. Therefore, it means that the receiver and the transmitter will have to share the
antenna (Boccardi, et al., 2013). Despite sharing the antenna, the devices have to maintain a good
quantity of isolation between their operation goals (Thompson, et al., 2014).
Additionally, due to the wide bandwidth exhibited by the modern communication waveforms,
technical wideband cancellation process within the analogue domain should be achieved in a
related full-duplex personal communication link. These RF circuits for cancellation feasibility
have been tried out in practice to see their success. What remains is the implementation of
wideband RF scaling for personal communication hence enabling the receiver and the transmitter
to use the same antenna (Aijaz, et al., 2017).
One more aspect lies in the quality within the analogue components (Aijaz, et al., 2017). In
particular, the components that are costing low, hence leading to SI signal distortion. The linear
digital processing circuit then fails to reproduce as well as cancel the SI residual waveform with