Communication and Language Barriers in Construction Industry
Verified
Added on 2023/06/14
|63
|12847
|313
AI Summary
This research highlights the negative impact of communication and language barriers in the construction industry, specifically on migrant workers. It discusses the causes of these barriers and their effects on safety concerns and accidents. The study also suggests effective strategies to overcome these barriers.
Contribute Materials
Your contribution can guide someone’s learning journey. Share your
documents today.
Running head: PROJECT DISSERTATION Research topic:Do communication and language barriers to migrant workers a cause of accidents and affects the construction industry Name of the student Name of the University Author Notes
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
1PROJECT DISSERTATION Acknowledgement I am thankful that I have been given the opportunity for conducting the research on the topic of “Do communication and language barriers to migrant workers a cause of accidents and affects the construction industry”. I want to express heartiest thanks to my principal Mr./Mrs./Ms. ______________________________________________ for giving me the privilege to be the part of this university, _______________________ University. MyspecialthankstomyMentorMr./Mrs./Ms. ______________________________________________ for guiding me from the initial stage of the project to is final completion. My friends and family also plays a crucial role for providing me unlimited encouragement and motivation unless which I will not be able to complete the dissertation project within time.
2PROJECT DISSERTATION Abstract Communication is important in case an organization is trying to develop a string network among the employee as it ensures the alignment in all of their work for obtaining the organizational goals. However, the situation can be worse if proper communication strategy is not implemented intheorganization.Thisresearchalsohighlightedoneofthenegativeimpactsofthe communication and language barrier in the construction industry. The problem in this industry is that the low-end workers do not possess educational knowledge due to which they are unaware of understanding other language other than their mother though. However, the demands of these workers are high in developing country and thus they need more workers. The demands of the low-end workers in construction site attract migrants from other nations and they opted for working in these industries facing several problems that can cause their death also. This research highlights the case of communication and language barrier of the Indian and Bangladeshi workers in Singaporean construction sites. Less knowledge of English, different cultural diversity and status differences with higher officials are the major reason due to which the workers are unable to understand the training guidelines and comprehend the work and health policy. These are the major reason due to which these workers overlook the faulty system and the safety awareness features in the construction sites. Moreover, from this research study, it has been found that taking regular feedback from the employee can reduce the accidents as in this case the employee can share their concern freely with the management people. Keywords: Communicationandlanguagebarriers,accidents,migrantworkers,constructionindustry, cultural diversity, status differences, language knowledge
3PROJECT DISSERTATION Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction..................................................................................................................11 1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................11 1.1 Background of the study............................................................................................................11 1.2 Problem Statement.....................................................................................................................11 1.3 Aim of the research....................................................................................................................12 1.4 Hypothesis of the Research.......................................................................................................12 1.5 Objective of the research...........................................................................................................13 1.6 Question of the research............................................................................................................13 1.7 Rationale for the research..........................................................................................................13 1.8 Structure of the research............................................................................................................14 Chapter 2: Literature Review.........................................................................................................15 2.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................15 2.1 Cause of the communication and language barriers in Singapore Construction sites...............16 2.1.1 Less knowledge of native language....................................................................................16 2.1.2 Cultural Diversity...............................................................................................................17 2.1.3 Status difference.................................................................................................................17 2.2 Safety factors for the occurrence of the accidents at construction sites of migrants.................17 2.2.1 Safety polices followed in the organization........................................................................17
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
4PROJECT DISSERTATION 2.2.2 Training and safety procedures...........................................................................................18 2.2.3 Provision of safety equipment............................................................................................18 2.3 Relationship between communication & language barriers and cause of accidents.................19 2.3.1 Language barrier results in poor understanding of training and safety materials...............19 2.3.2 Communication barriers results in ineffective sharing of concerns...................................19 2.4 Effective strategies for overcoming the language and communication barrier.........................20 2.4.1 Effective training for language and safety measures..........................................................20 2.4.2 Employee feedback method................................................................................................21 2.5 Conceptual Framework..............................................................................................................22 Chapter 3: Research Methodology................................................................................................23 3.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................23 3.1 Research Philosophy..................................................................................................................23 3.1.1 Justification for selected research philosophy....................................................................23 3.2 Research Approach....................................................................................................................24 3.2.1 Justification for chosen research approach.........................................................................24 3.3 Research purpose.......................................................................................................................24 3.3.1 Justification for selected research purpose.........................................................................25 3.4 Data collection process..............................................................................................................25 3.5 Data Analysis techniques...........................................................................................................25 3.6 Sampling Technique..................................................................................................................26
5PROJECT DISSERTATION 3.6.1 Sample Size........................................................................................................................26 3.7 Ethical consideration.................................................................................................................26 3.8 Research limitation....................................................................................................................27 3.9 Research Timeframe....................................................................................................................0 Chapter 4: Data collection and Analysis.........................................................................................0 4.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................................0 4.1 Quantitative Data Analysis..........................................................................................................0 4.1.1 Demographic Questions........................................................................................................0 4.1.2 Questions about communication and language barriers.......................................................1 4.1.3 Questions about overcoming the language and communication barrier...............................4 4.1.4 Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of effective training for language and safety.......................................................6 4.1.5 Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of employee feedback and interview method......................................................7 4.1.6 T-test analysis for finding the effective methods of overcoming the language and communication barrier.............................................................................................................7 4.2 Qualitative Data Analysis............................................................................................................9 4.2.1 Case Study- 1: Accident at construction site in Jalan Sultan................................................9 4.2.2 Case Study- 2: Accident at construction site in West Coast Highway.................................9 4.2.3 Case Study- 3: Accident at construction site at Lentor MRT station worksite..................10
6PROJECT DISSERTATION 4.2.4 Case Study- 4: Accident at construction site in Tampines.................................................11 4.2.5 Case Study- 5: Poor sharing of concern due to cultural barrier..........................................11 Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation...............................................................................13 5.1 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................13 5.2 Recommendations......................................................................................................................14 6.0 Reference List and Bibliography.............................................................................................15 7.0 Appendix..................................................................................................................................22 7.1 Questionnaire for the research...................................................................................................22 7.1.1 Demographic Questions......................................................................................................22 7.1.2 Research questions about communication and language barriers......................................23 7.1.2 Research questions about overcoming of communication and language barriers..............23 7.2 Response table for the quantitative data analysis......................................................................23 7.3 Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of effective training for language and safety...............................................................25 7.4 Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of employee feedback and interview method..............................................................26 7.5 Research Ethics Approval Form................................................................................................27
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
7PROJECT DISSERTATION Table of Images Image 1: Structure of the research.......................................................................................................14 Image 2: Migrant Population Percentage of Singapore.......................................................................15 Image 3: Foreign workforce numbers in Singapore............................................................................16 Image 4: Conceptual Framework for the research...............................................................................22 Image 5: Accident of Indian worker at in West Coast Highway due to vehicle collision at the site. .10
8PROJECT DISSERTATION Table of Tables Table 1: Timeframe for the research.....................................................................................................0 Table 2: Response on age of the respondents........................................................................................0 Table 3: Response on nationality of the respondents............................................................................0 Table 4: Response on years of association of the respondents in construction industry.......................1 Table 5: Response on difficulty in communicating...............................................................................1 Table 6: t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means.....................................................................................8 Table 7: Correlation table......................................................................................................................8 Table 8: Research questions about communication and language barriers.........................................23 Table 9: Research questions about overcoming of communication and language barriers.................23 Table 10: Response on less knowledge in English being the reason for communication and language barrier.............................................................................................................................................23 Table 11: Response on cultural diversity and social belief being the reason for communication and language barrier.............................................................................................................................24 Table12:Responseonstatusdifferencesandnon-verbalbehaviorbeingthereasonfor communication and language barrier.............................................................................................24 Table 13: Response on effective training for language and safety measures being the factor for overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents....................................................................24 Table 14: Response on employee feedback and interview method being the factor for overcome the language barrier and less accidents................................................................................................25 Table 15: Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of effective training for language and safety.............................................................26
9PROJECT DISSERTATION Table 16: Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of employee feedback and interview method............................................................26
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
10PROJECT DISSERTATION Table of Charts Chart 1: Response on less knowledge in English being the reason for communication and language barrier...............................................................................................................................2 Chart 2: Response on cultural diversity and social belief being the reason for communication and language barrier...............................................................................................................................3 Chart3:Responseonstatusdifferencesandnon-verbalbehaviorbeingthereasonfor communication and language barrier...............................................................................................4 Chart 4: Response on effective training for language and safety being the factor for overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents.............................................................................................5 Chart 5: Response on employee feedback and interview method being the factor for overcome the language barrier and accidents...................................................................................................6
11PROJECT DISSERTATION Chapter 1: Introduction 1.0 Introduction This chapter highlights the blueprint of the research. This section comprised of the background of the study, rational for the research, problem statement, research aim, research objectives and questions along with the structure of the research. 1.1 Background of the study In the year 2016, the number of construction worker’s death rate is 55 in 100,000 workers and the number of death is 60 for the year 2015 (The Straits Times 2018). Experts stated that all these accidents re preventable. The main reason for the occurrence of construction accidents are fall from heights, trapped by something collapsing, contact with electric discharges, stuck by moving vehicle and exposure to harmful materials. Khosravi et al. (2014) stated that the drawbacks of having improper or poor communication can be witnessed through the poor performance of the workers, lack of understanding, frequent anxiety and frustration. Aziz (2013) moreover highlight that language barrier is also a major reason for the communication gap apart from the problem of inefficient communication. This barrier occurs due to the language difference whose main reason is that the migrant people from other nation are not comfortable in the native language of the Singapore that is English. Kazaz et al. (2012) depict that this barrier leads to the inability to share their concern with the management and improper attention during the safety training that cause higher probability of accidents. 1.2 Problem Statement Fang and Wu (2013) stated that the lack of communication resulted in achieving coordinated results, understanding needs of the workplace and managing activities. Wu et al.
12PROJECT DISSERTATION (2013) furthermore stated that due to this lack of communication, employees sometimes misread or understand the requirement of the task and management decisions. The manager may also not understand the employee needs and this result in higher worker turnover and accidents of the workers. This severity of these accidents can range from simply replacing a few lights to the breaking of the floor or the entire ceiling on the worker (Ismail et al. 2012). Experts says that this kind of problem occur when these workers are unable to understand the safety concern made aware to them. Thus, this research will highlight the main reason through which the language and communication barrier occur and what the impact on the safety concern of the migrant people are. 1.3 Aim of the research The aim of this research is to study the causes of communication and language barriers which may lead to safety implications and accidents in the workplace. 1.4 Hypothesis of the Research H11: There is impact of effective training for language and safety on communication and language barriers in the construction industry H10: There is no impact of effective training for language and safety on communication and language barriers in the construction industry H21: There is impact of employee feedback and interview method on communication and language barriers in the construction industry H20: There is no impact of employee feedback and interview method on communication and language barriers in the construction industry H31: Both effective training for language and safety and employee feedback method has significance difference; while, reducing the communication barrier
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
13PROJECT DISSERTATION H30: Both effective training for language and safety and employee feedback method has no difference; while, reducing the communication barrier 1.5 Objective of the research To find out the causes of the communication and language barriers in Singapore Construction sites To identify and assess the methods and means to reduce the obstacles of communication and language barriers for foreign workers in Singapore Construction sites To recommend the best suitable method and mean to reduce the barrier of language and communication 1.6 Question of the research WhatarethecausesofthecommunicationandlanguagebarriersinSingapore Construction Sites? What are the effective methods and means to reduce the obstacles of communication and language barriers for foreign workers in Singapore Construction Sites? 1.7 Rationale for the research Lack in communication also results in safety violations that can lead to injuries and death. Behm and Schneller (2013) stated that the problem arise as these workers did not learn how to use the safety equipments as they are unable to understand the trainers. This is the main thing due to which they missed the safety training session where they are made aware why they need to be careful at work (Vasu et al. 2014). The adverse effect of this scenario resulted in death and injury of many workers. Concerning the scenario in Singapore, due to lack of labor, migrants from other nations like, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, India, Bangladesh and other nation
14PROJECT DISSERTATION First Chapter: Introduction Second Chapter: Literature Review Third Chapter: Research Methodology Fourth Chapter: Data collection and Analysis Fifth Chapter: Conclusion and Recommendation come to earn for their living (Yeoh & Lam 2016). Thus, this research highlights the problem of accidentsatconstructionsitesraisedduetothecommunicationand languagebarrierin Singapore. Thus, the reason for the cause of the communication barriers, effect of the same and the solution to overcome the problem is addressed in this research work. 1.8 Structure of the research Image 1: Structure of the research (Source: Created by Author)
15PROJECT DISSERTATION Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.0 Introduction There are three countries that hosts ASEAN migrants and almost to the extent of 90% that are 35% Thailand, 35% Malaysia and 21% Singapore (Asef.org 2018). Among these nations, Thailand and Malaysia are performing as a sending and receiving countries; while, Brunei and Singapore are the receiving countries. In Singapore, people are more likely to get the employment of construction, manufacturing and domestic work (Asef.org 2018). The total number of low skilled foreign workers in Singapore is 870,000 out of which only 46% of people hold Work Permit (Asef.org 2018). Image 2: Migrant Population Percentage of Singapore (Source: Asef.org 2018) The total number of foreign workforce working in Singapore for the year 2017 is 1,368,000 and among these 284,900 workers is working for construction sites (Ministry of Manpower Singapore 2018).
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
16PROJECT DISSERTATION Image 3: Foreign workforce numbers in Singapore (Source: Ministry of Manpower Singapore 2018) 2.1 Cause of the communication and language barriers in Singapore Construction sites 2.1.1 Less knowledge of native language Every year thousands of people migrated from the other nations to Singapore and most of them come for earning purpose. Samovar et al.(2015) also stated that some of these immigrants are legal immigrants; while, some are illegal immigrants. In the year 2015, there were 310 illegal immigrants (Loosemore & Lee 2002). These immigrants are coming from developing countries and they also have hardly any money for their survival. This is the reason that they immigrate to other nation for source of income. Thus, there are high chances for them in not knowing the native language which acts as a barrier for communication less with the local people.
17PROJECT DISSERTATION 2.1.2 Cultural Diversity Kinloch and Metge (2014) highlighted that the people migrated from other nations are from different culture and tradition. When these employees went to other nations for work, in many cases, they did not get the respect and some of them get offended by the non-verbal cues. The tone of the language and the body language the managers make while speaking to them is also affect the understanding level of the workers. In some culture, the friendly communication among the males and females are not considered good (Samovar et al. 2014). Especially people from developing countries have these mindsets and thus, gender difference is also a major reason for the communication gap in the construction industry. 2.1.3 Status difference Ever organization follows a hierarchy in their organization. Kerr and Hiltz (2013) highlighted in centralized hierarchy, only the managers are liable to take decisions and often do not share any justification and guidelines to implement the decision. In such case, the employee tries to solve the issue by themselves and it may impact the overall productivity for the company if the employee misunderstood the guidelines and the decision asked them to follow (Kinloch & Metge 2014). 2.2 Safety factors for the occurrence of the accidents at construction sites of migrants 2.2.1 Safety polices followed in the organization Khosravi et al. (2014) stated that in the organization the management is liable for developing policy and plans, details on information management, climate and culture and details about resource management. In construction sites, the safety management comprises of the management of hazardous operation at the site condition, welfare service, details about the
18PROJECT DISSERTATION construction stage and direction for utilizing the equipment (Behm & Schneller 2013). The managing authority of the construction sites are also give attention to the fall protection system, scaffolds, stairways and ladders, personal protective and life saving equipment, maintaining toxic and hazardous substances, formulates general safety and health provisions (Fang and Wu 2013). These aspects are maintained by experts, who plan for the project by reviewing the safety needs and perform documented self-inspections in order to identify any discrepancy in the construction sites. 2.2.2 Training and safety procedures The training is given to the low end workers as they are liable to accomplish the main constructionofaproject(Tutt&Gibbn.d.).Engineeringcontrols,personalprotective equipment and other safety related work practices along with the utilization of powder-actuated tools,scaffoldingassembly,lifting,accidentprevention,constructionvehicles- earthmoving/cranes, rigging and safe work procedures are also the major training sessions taken for the construction workers (Aziz 2013). These training can occurred both in the workplace and online. Behm & Schneller (2013) stated that in most of the cases, some videos and practical session has been conduction of the employee from the experts in this field. This procedure is utilized as the experts are present in the distance geographic locations or is not associated with the organization (Ismail et al. 2012). 2.2.3 Provision of safety equipment The safety equipment is given to the workers so that they can protect themselves from injury and harm and thus, they have to follow strict safety regulations developed by the nation’s governing bodies and the management of the organization. (Khosraviet al. 2014) highlighted that the equipment that these workers are given are chains and harness, safety vest, safety gloves,
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
19PROJECT DISSERTATION hard hats, safety glasses & goggles, safety shoes, safety masks and safety masks. Kazazet al. 2012) furthermore stated that these workers must know how to use these protection equipments for protecting themselves from injury otherwise adverse result like death might occur. 2.3 Relationship between communication & language barriers and cause of accidents 2.3.1 Language barrier results in poor understanding of training and safety materials Broadbent (2013) stated that there people working in the construction sites are less knowledgeable of the host nation’s language. Unlike very organization, construction industry also has organization policies for workers health and safety. These policies are only developed in one common language. Nind and Hewett (2012) stated that the problem arise when the worker do not have enough knowledge to read the policies and understand what is written in it. Hall et al. (2017) argued that another problem arise when the type of the sentence chosen for developing the organizational policy. Another aspect is that the trainers give the knowledge of using the safety equipments and working procedure in the common language that may not known to all the workers and they miss some of the crucial details that might help them to protect in the field work (Martin & Nakayama 2013). The organization however, can use visual representation of the training material so that all workers can understand the training materials and utilize them practically. 2.3.2 Communication barriers results in ineffective sharing of concerns Downs and Adrian (2012) depicted that communication comprises of conversation, networking, gathering, transferring information and directing subordinates and these activities demonstrates fundamental social activity. The poor formation of communication network is liable for identifying the communication patterns within the organization. Tsay and Brady (2012)
20PROJECT DISSERTATION stated that the communication network affects the group communication depending on the fact how management authority designed the network. Initially a communication network is already establish according to the policy of the organization but that can be later change by the working member of the organization according to the level of understanding and ease in use of the network. Dainton and Zelley (2018) explained that in construction sites the network for the communication varies in size and density. The larger the group working in a project, the denser will be the communication network. However, Mehrabian (2017) argued that of these aspects are not followed properly; worker may not communicate easily reading the problem or issues to the leader of the management. The prime reason for this is the workers may not feel free to share theirconcernwiththetopmanagementiftheyfaceanyproblemandthiscreatesa communication gap (Yaw & Debrah n.d.). These workers try to follow the instruction given to them even if they do not understand the policy clearly. 2.4 Effective strategies for overcoming the language and communication barrier 2.4.1 Effective training for language and safety measures FangandWu(2013)statedthatthesetrainingcomprisesofthehandlingof excavation/trenching, scaffolding prevention, proper use of crane and safety equipments. This training session also comprised of the knowledge sharing of identification of work according to thework’sobjective,determiningneededresources,eliminationofpossiblehazardsand analyzing the hazards (Khosravi et al. 2014). However, Mishra et al. (2014) argued that the training should also be given for developing the understanding of the English language. These sessions can include, some common English words that is used at the construction sites and sentences through which they can share their concern free to their leaders. Some construction sites also utilize the modern technology like giving training through videos and images. This will
21PROJECT DISSERTATION help employees to get the training material more easily and in lesser time. The images should also align with the English words and sentences so that he workers can get the idea for the utilization of the language they learned. 2.4.2 Employee feedback method The communication network should be designed in such a way so that the two-way communication can be developed (Men 2014). Different method of establishing communication is taking feedback from the employees regarding the working experience. Mishra et al. (2014) illustrates that these feedback question should be designed in every languages so that the employees, who are not conformable in English language can also understand the question and can answer genuinely. Dillman et al. (2014) presented another statement that direct interview session can be used in order to know an unbiased response from these employees regarding the workplace problems. This process will make the top authority to know the exact factors through which the employee face problem and can take necessary steps to overcome the adversity.
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
22PROJECT DISSERTATION Solution for overcoming language and communication barrier Cause of Language and communication barrier Less knowledge in English Cultural diversity and social belief Status differences and non-verbal behavior Training for language and safety concerns Employee feedback methods Less number of accidents in construction sites in Singapore 2.5 Conceptual Framework Image 4: Conceptual Framework for the research (Source: Created by Author)
23PROJECT DISSERTATION Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.0 Introduction Bns and Hv (2013) stated that this chapter highlights the procedural way to collect the data so that the research objectives can be properly addressed. Research methodology can also be considered as a systematic plan for organizing the research. This chapter illustrates the chosen philosophy, approach and purpose along with the justification for their validity in the research. The process of data collection process and the data analysis method along with he sampling technique and research ethics is also demonstrated. 3.1 Research Philosophy The process of gathering the data and information on the research topic is the main purpose of research philosophy. There are three different ways through which this understanding can be gathered- positivism, interpretivism and realism philosophy (Alvesson and Skoldberg 2017). In positive philosophy, the data samples are large and their response are recovered for finding the output for the research based on factual data (Coleman 2013). On the other hand, in interpretivism philosophy, only the social believe is considered (Hughes & Sharrock 2016). The realism is the combination of both the above philosophies that is positivism and interpretivism. In this research, the realism philosophy is considered. 3.1.1 Justification for selected research philosophy This research study considered both the genuine data taken from the sample size and social belief based on the research topic. Since, mixed method is utilized in this research; realism philosophy is valid for the research study.
24PROJECT DISSERTATION 3.2 Research Approach In order to check the validity of the research hypothesis, research approach is used. There are two different categories for checking the validity of the research- deductive and inductive. (Kitchin & Tate 2013) stated that in deductive approach the research hypothesis is tested by the theories and concepts that is discussed in the literature review and the data collection. On the other hand, the data is collected prior to the literature review in order to find new direction for the research topic (Bryman 2015). In this research project, the use of deductive research approach is considered. 3.2.1 Justification for chosen research approach No new theories and concepts have been created in this research work and all the research questions have been addressed from the data obtained from the data collection and the theories obtained by other research scholar. Thus, deductive approach is appropriate. 3.3 Research purpose The main aim for utilizing the research purpose is to answer the research question. This answering to the research questions can be done in two different ways- exploratory and decretive (Bryman & Bell 2015). In exploratory research purpose, new prioritiesand theoriesare established that do not conclude any solutions to existing problems; while, in descriptive purpose, the research question can be answered through the data obtained from the literature review section and data analysis. In this research work, the descriptive research purpose is utilized.
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
25PROJECT DISSERTATION 3.3.1 Justification for selected research purpose Since, through this research no establishment of the attempts have been obtained and all the research question will only be described through the findings of the data, the selected approach is descriptive. 3.4 Data collection process Smith (2015) stated that primary and secondary collection process. The primary data collection is obtained when the data are gathered directly from the sample size through survey, interview and telephonic conversation. On the other hand, when data are collected through other sources like newspaper articles, research papers and journal articles, it is known as secondary data collection. In this research study, data are collected from both the primary and secondary data sources. Primary data collection is gathered from the questionnaire survey; while, the secondary data collection have been done through other research paper and newspaper articles. The questionnaire has total of 9 questions in which the first 4 question are demographic questions and the next 3 question represent the main cause of language and communication barrier and the reaming 2 questions are associated with the methods that can overcome the language and communication barrier. 3.5 Data Analysis techniques There are two kind of data analysis techniques-qualitative and quantitative analysis method. Sekaran and Bougie (2016) stated that when data are analyzed numerically for obtaining the research result, quantitative method has been used; while, when only theoretical data have been considered for addressing the research outcome, qualitative research techniques is used.
26PROJECT DISSERTATION In this research study, both the research technique is used as the data collected from the survey is analyzed quantitatively through regression analysis by using the tool of Microsoft Excel and the case study gathered from the secondary sources has been done qualitatively. 3.6 Sampling Technique Wahyuni (2012) stated that the process for selecting the a sample size for the research is known as sampling techniques and it is of two types- probability and non-probability sampling technique. Veal (2017) portrays that when sample size are selected with equal priority, it is known as probability sampling techniques; while, when no equal priority is given to the respondents it is known as non-probability sampling technique. In this research study, the employees for survey questionnaire is selected through probability sampling technique; while, the research papers selected by following non-probability sampling technique. 3.6.1 Sample Size The total number of participant selected for giving the perception concerning the research question is known as sample size (Bryman & Bell 2015). The total number of employees selected is 30 for questionnaire survey. 3.7 Ethical consideration Consent form is given to all the employees and is duly signed by them which is a proof that they willingly participate in the research. All the data considered for the research is protected through Data Protection Act (1998) and these respondents are provided with consent forms that is used as a proof that they willingly participate in the research. None of the respondents are forced to change their answers during the survey. The questionnaire of the research is only
27PROJECT DISSERTATION related to the language and communication and the major problems and concerns in the construction industry. All the obtained data are kept confidential and only the investigator will have the access to these data. 3.8 Research limitation This research only highlighted the case of construction site as the risk of the health and safety in this industry is high. However, no other industry is considered in this research. Moreover, the research also considered less number of respondents that is 50 and thus, the perception of all the employees are not taken into consideration.
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
0PROJECT DISSERTATION 3.9 Research Timeframe Main activities/ stagesSeptembe r OctoberNovemberDecemberJanuaryFebruaryMarc h AprilMay Topic Selection Literature Review Selection Of The Appropriate Research Techniques Data Collection From Secondary Sources and Formulate Data for Questionnaires Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Collection Analysis & Interpretation Of Data Collection Conclusion Of The Study Submission Of Final Work
1PROJECT DISSERTATION Table 1: Timeframe for the research
0PROJECT DISSERTATION Chapter 4: Data collection and Analysis 4.0 Introduction In this chapter, the data collected through the survey will be considered which is gathered through other sources and compared. This procedure will help in finding the most relevant method to overcoming the problem of language and communication barrier. The first section is the questionnaire survey and its analysis and the second part is collection of secondary gathered data based on the similar research topic. 4.1 Quantitative Data Analysis 4.1.1 Demographic Questions Q1. What is your age? OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response 18- 22 Years0330 22- 26 Years1030 26 - 30 Years1030 More than 30 Years0730 Table 2: Response on age of the respondents (Source: Created by Author) It has been found that 3 respondents belong to 18- 22 Years age group; while, 10 respondents belongs to 22- 26 Years and 26 - 30 Years age group respectively. The remaining 7 research respondents are of more than 30 years old. Q2. What is your nationality? OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response Indian Nationals2030 Bangladesh Nationals1030 Table 3: Response on nationality of the respondents (Source: Created by Author)
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
1PROJECT DISSERTATION The data finding shows that 20 research respondents are from Indian nationals; while, remaining 10 belongs to Bangladesh. Q3. For how long you have been associated with the construction working? OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response Less than 1 Year0530 1- 3 Years1030 3 - 5 Years0330 More than 5 Years1230 Table 4: Response on years of association of the respondents in construction industry (Source: Created by Author) Out of total 30 respondents, there are 5, who are associated less than a year; while, 10 respondents are working for 1-3 years. 3 respondents have the associability of 3 -5 Years and the rest of the 12 employees are associated with more than 5 Years. Q4. Do you feel difficulty in communicating with the people you are working with? OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response Very Often0330 Sometimes1230 Never1530 Table 5: Response on difficulty in communicating (Source: Created by Author) The above findings show that some people working in Singaporean construction site do face problem and majority of the respondents face no problem in the construction sites. However, some of the respondents show a neutral attitude towards this question. 4.1.2 Questions about communication and language barriers Q5. Do you agree thatless knowledge in Englishis the major reason for communication and language barrier?
2PROJECT DISSERTATION Chart 1: Response on less knowledge in English being the reason for communication and language barrier (Source: Created by Author) The above finding shows that 90% of the respondents stated that there is problem in them to understand the language English. They do not have enough educational knowledge and they migrate to Singapore for earning money. This is the major reason that these people do not feel comfortable to communicate with their higher officials and they do not know English language. Q6. How far do you agree thatcultural diversity and social beliefis the driving factor for the communication and language barrier?
3PROJECT DISSERTATION Chart 2: Response on cultural diversity and social belief being the reason for communication and language barrier (Source: Created by Author) This result shows that all the respondents presented their view that cultural diversity and social belief is not the major factor for communication and language barrier. Thus, it can be concluded that some cases are their where the gender difference or cultural belief due to which some worker hesitate to communicate with their management. Q7. Do you agree that due tostatus differences and non-verbal behavior, the problem of communication and language barrier occur?
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
4PROJECT DISSERTATION Chart 3: Response on status differences and non-verbal behavior being the reason for communication and language barrier (Source: Created by Author) The research result shows that 50% of the respondents agree that status differences and non-verbal behavior is another factor that causes communication and language barrier for them. Some of the managers have the attitude for not taking with the low end workers. Their attitudes towards these workers are rude and they have poor body language. This is the reason the workers think that their managers will not communicate with them. 4.1.3 Questions about overcoming the language and communication barrier Q8. How far do you agree thateffective training for language and safety measuresat construction sites can overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents?
5PROJECT DISSERTATION Chart 4: Response on effective training for language and safety being the factor for overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents (Source: Created by Author) The result shows that 67% of the respondents agree with the fact the effective training for language and safety measures is the effective measure for overcoming the communication problem. However, 13% and 20% of the respondents stated that the process is somewhat necessary and disagreed with the given fact. Thus it can be concluded that some employees improve their knowledge from training for language and safety but other 10 respondents are unable to communicate through the training sessions. Q9. Do you agree that theemployee feedback and interview methodscan overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents?
6PROJECT DISSERTATION Chart 5: Response on employee feedback and interview method being the factor for overcome the language barrier and accidents (Source: Created by Author) Thisfindinghighlightedthat17%respondentsagreethatemployeefeedbackand interview method is effective and it helps them to share their concern with the managers. However, 33% people say that feedback and interview session may not be able to improve the communication and language barrier. Lastly, 50% of the people are neutral and they have less idea regarding the utilization of the employee feedback and interview method for overcoming the language and communication barrier. 4.1.4 Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of effective training for language and safety In reference to the Appendix, Table 15, the independent factor that is effective training for language and safety can predict 23.16% of overcoming the language and communication barrier. The liner regression equation is y = 0.45x + 0.65, where y is communication and language barriers and x is training for language and safety. Moreover, from the ANOVA table it
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
7PROJECT DISSERTATION has been seen that the significant value of the regression is 0.007107971 which is less than 0.05 (See Appendix, Table 15). Thus, the null hypothesis “there is no impact of effective training for language and safety on communication and language barriers in the construction industry” gets rejected.So, itcan bestated thattrainingfor languageand safety concernsreducethe communication and language barrier in the construction sites in Singapore. 4.1.5 Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of employee feedback and interview method In reference to the Appendix, Table 16, the independent factor that is employee feedback and interview method can predict 29.41% of overcoming the language and communication barrier. The liner regression equation is y = 0.58x + 0.05, where y is communication and language barriers and x is employee feedback and interview method. Moreover, from the ANOVA table it has been seen that the significant value of the regression is 0.001961671 which is less than 0.05 (See Appendix, Table 16). Thus, the null hypothesis “there is no impact of employee feedback and interview method on communication and language barriers in the construction industry” gets rejected. So, it can be stated that employee feedback method reduce the communication and language barrier in the construction sites in Singapore. 4.1.6 T-test analysis for finding the effective methods of overcoming the language and communication barrier t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means Variable 1Variable 2 Mean1.5333333332.166666667 Variance0.6712643680.488505747 Observations3030 Pearson Correlation0.080289565 Hypothesized Mean Difference0 df29
8PROJECT DISSERTATION t Stat-3.356948997 P(T<=t) one-tail0.001107561 t Critical one-tail1.699126996 P(T<=t) two-tail0.002215122 t Critical two-tail2.045229611 Table 6: t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means (Source: ) The above data shows that the value of P(T<=t) two-tail is 0.002215122 which is less than 0.05. This shows that the null hypothesis “both effective training for language and safety and employee feedback method has no difference; while, reducing the communication barrier” is rejected. Thus, it can be signifies that both the selected method that are training for language and safety and employee feedback and interview method have different impact in reducing the language and communication barrier. CorrelationCommunication and language barrier Training for language and safety Employee feedback and interview method Communication and language barrier1 Training for language and safety0.4811521 Employee feedback and interview method0.5423260.080291 Table 7: Correlation table The above table shows that employee feedback and interview method is 54% correlated with the factor communication and language barrier. On the other hand, the training for language and safety is 48% correlated with the factor communication and language barrier. Thus, the analysis shows that in order to reduce the communication and language barrier, the method of employee feedback and interview proves to be beneficial in the construction site in Singapore.
9PROJECT DISSERTATION 4.2 Qualitative Data Analysis 4.2.1 Case Study- 1: Accident at construction site in Jalan Sultan In February 5, 2018, a worker’s neck was pierced by a reinforcing bar at construction site in Jalan Sultan due to which the person lost his life. The development building is a 30-storey commercial mixed development developed by Bayfront Ventures (The Straits Times 2018). The building with commercial spaces also has residential spaces. Experts state that the worker is aware of the adversity and the probability due to which the problem can occur. The probable reason that is estimated by the officials is the other nationality, which has less knowledge of the English knowledge and hence did not adapt the training materials that are given to him (The Straits Times 2018). As a result, the negligence and unawareness of the possible adversity was not properly identified by the worker. 4.2.2 Case Study- 2: Accident at construction site in West Coast Highway In the year 2017, December 22nd, a 33-year-old construction worker lost his life while repairing a pothole (The Straits Times 2018). The dead person was of Indian national and the accident occurred due to the accident of a lorry and a truck (The Straits Times 2018). The worker was returning to his truck after finishing up his work and clearing safety cones but during that time another lorry approached the first truck and could not stopped on the time and ht the person. The person was spot dead reported by Singapore Civil Defense Force (The Straits Times 2018). The probable reason declared by the official is the lack of understanding of the English language due to which the construction worker understand the instructions given by the constriction officials and the warning instruction given by the lorry driver.
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
10PROJECT DISSERTATION Image 5: Accident of Indian worker at in West Coast Highway due to vehicle collision at the site (Source: The Straits Times 2018) 4.2.3 Case Study- 3: Accident at construction site at Lentor MRT station worksite On 1stMarch, 2018, a 48-year-old construction worker at Lentor MRT station worksite died after falling from a raised platform (Channel NewsAsia.com 2018). The construction worker was liable to dismantle components of tunnel boring machines and the man-lock chamber was being lowered using chain blocks. The chain block swung suddenly and hit the platform, 2.5m above the ground that cause the worker fell from the platform to his death (Channel NewsAsia.com 2018). The contract for the design of Lentor station was awarded to “China Railway No 5 Engineering Group”. According to the Ministry of Manpower (MOM), the worker was from other nation, China, overlooks the safety concern (Channel NewsAsia.com 2018). The safety kit like safety jackets, helmets and other equipment was not present with the worker which
11PROJECT DISSERTATION shows that the worker did not used these equipments which is the reason why that person dead on spot after falling from the platform. 4.2.4 Case Study- 4: Accident at construction site in Tampines An accident occurred t the worksite of Sunway Concrete Products (S) Pte Ltd on 26th April, 2016 (The Straits Times 2018). An industrial accident occurred at 4 Tampines Industrial Street 62 due to unloading of the wire meshes from a lorry loader and the worker was injured after being struck by the wire meshes (The Straits Times 2018). The victim was from southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and did not know about the safety concern that is taken by the organization. Another accident occurred at the same place, where a 36-year-old truck driver from India crushed from his parked vehicle against the wall on April 16th(The Straits Times 2018). 4.2.5 Case Study- 5: Poor sharing of concern due to cultural barrier The communication network in Singapore is not so rigid and is not for lower end workers. As a result, the field worker gets less privilege to communicate with their higher authorities. The workers from other nation have less knowledge in English and thus, they are unable to read the policies through which they can claim what they actually deserve. This language barrier affects them in getting sufficient amount of medical leave even if they require it. Taken for instance, Mr Zhang, a construction worker said that he was not allowed to take more than 1 day medical leave for fracturing his finger for about 5 months (Channel NewsAsia 2018). These Chinese workers do not read or understand the policies and this is the reason the officials told them anything and the workers have to belief. Like in this case, the doctor said to the worker, if he gave him more than a day medical leave, his employer will repatriated forcefully because he is a migrant (Channel NewsAsia 2018).
12PROJECT DISSERTATION Another case was of a shattered knee of “Mr. Li” get only two day medical leave and "Mr He" and "Mr Huang" got one day medical leave each for an arm and a leg fracture surgery (Channel NewsAsia 2018). According to these workers, in their culture, they respect the professional of medical practitioner from their bottom of their heart and thus they opt for believing in their words rather that the occupational health and safety policy and another reason is that they are unable to understand the language written or taught to them in training.
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
13PROJECT DISSERTATION Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation 5.1 Conclusion Objective 1: To find out the causes of the communication and language barriers in Singapore Construction sites The causes of the communication and language barriers in the construction sites that are found from the literature review are less knowledge in the local English and the status of the employees with the officials. However, apart from these factors there are another factors that can result in communication and language barriers in Singapore Construction sites is cultural diversity and social belief. It is found from the secondary analysis it is found that workers from other national do not know the English language and hence they do not understand the policies written in their work health and safety policies. As a result, in case, they are injured during the work, they did not receive enough medical leave that enhances their severity to a greater extent. Moreover, the unawareness of the language also results in the poor understanding of the knowledge given to them and as a result the workers face difficulty in the workplace and from the secondary analysis it has been found that in Singapore, accidents like accident at construction site in Jalan Sultan, in West Coast Highway, at Lentor MRT station worksite and at construction site in Tampines occurred. Objective 2: To identify and assess the methods and means to reduce the obstacles of communication and language barriers for foreign workers in Singapore Construction sites Thetwomethodsthathavebeenidentifiedforovercomingthelanguageand communication barrier aretraining for language and safety concernsandemployee feedback method. In order to find the effectiveness of these two factors, quantitative data analysis has
14PROJECT DISSERTATION been done. Through the regression analysis it has been found that effective training for language and safety can predict 23.16% of overcoming the language and communication barrier; however, employee feedback and interview method can predict 29.41% of overcoming the language and communication barrier. Moreover, from the literature review it has been also found that in order to make the training session more effective, the training sheets and the policy should have to develop in all language so that people with less knowledge in English can also understand everything. 5.2 Recommendations Objectives 3: To recommend the best suitable method and mean to reduce the barrier of language and communication T-test has been done in order to find the significance difference of the two identified solution for overcoming the barrier of communication and language difference. The result from this analysis shows that the two factors that aretraining for language and safety concernsand employee feedback methodhave different impact overcoming the barrier of the identified problem. Furthermore, correlation analysis has been done to find the most effective solution and it is found that taking employee feedback and interview methods has a sound impact in developinggoodcommunicationwiththeworkers.Therefore,itisrecommendedtothe Singaporean construction companies to conduct regular employee feedback and interview session so that the workers can share their concern easily with the officials. The prime advantage of the employee feedback and interview method the officials to know the exact problem and they can take necessary steps like improving the training session develop training session in other language to representation of the training material in pictorial forms.
15PROJECT DISSERTATION 6.0 Reference List and Bibliography Alvesson,M.&Skoldberg,K.,2017.Reflexivemethodology:Newvistasforqualitative research. Sage. Arayici,Y.,Egbu,C.O.&Coates,S.P.,2012.Buildinginformationmodelling(BIM) implementation and remote construction projects: issues, challenges, and critiques.Journal of Information Technology in Construction,17, pp.75-92. Asef.org.,2018.HealthofMigrantsinSingapore.[online]Availableat: https://www.asef.org/images/docs/Session%203_2_Kai%20Hong%20Phua_Preliminary %20results%20of%20studies%20of%20Singapore%20and%20Hon%20Kong%20SAR_1.pd [Accessed 5 Apr. 2018]. Aziz,R.F.,2013.RankingofdelayfactorsinconstructionprojectsafterEgyptian revolution.Alexandria Engineering Journal,52(3), pp.387-406. Banaitiene,N.&Banaitis,A.,2012.Riskmanagementinconstructionprojects.InRisk Management-Current Issues and Challenges. InTech. Behm, M. & Schneller, A., 2013. Application of the Loughborough construction accident causationmodel:aframeworkfororganizationallearning.ConstructionManagementand Economics,31(6), pp.580-595. BNS,R.&HV,R.,2013.Anoverviewofinterpretivephenomenologyasaresearch methodology.Nurse Researcher (through 2013),20(6), p.17. Broadbent, D.E., 2013.Perception and communication. Elsevier. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Bryman, A., 2015.Social research methods. Oxford university press.
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
16PROJECT DISSERTATION Calamel, L., Defélix, C., Picq, T. & Retour, D., 2012. Inter-organisational projects in French innovationclusters:Theconstructionofcollaboration.InternationalJournalofProject Management,30(1), pp.48-59. Channel NewsAsia., 2018.Too injured to work: Migrant workers fight for medical leave, compensation.[online]Availableat:https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/too- injured-to-work-migrant-workers-fight-for-medical-leave-comp-8001178[Accessed10Apr. 2018]. ChannelNewsAsia.com., 2018.Construction Worker Dies At Lentor MRT Atation Worksite LTA. [online]Availableat:https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/construction-worker- dies-at-lentor-mrt-station-worksite-lta-10002456 [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Cheng,E.W.,Ryan, N.& Kelly,S.,2012. Exploringtheperceivedinfluenceof safety management practices on project performance in the construction industry.Safety Science,50(2), pp.363-369. Coleman, R. ed., 2013.Deleuze and research methodologies. Edinburgh University Press. Dainton, M. & Zelley, E.D., 2018.Applying communication theory for professional life: A practical introduction. Sage publications. Dillman, D.A., Smyth, J.D. & Christian, L.M., 2014.Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method. John Wiley & Sons. Downs,C.W.&Adrian,A.D.,2012.Assessingorganizationalcommunication:Strategic communication audits. Guilford Press. Fang, D. & Wu, H., 2013. Development of a Safety Culture Interaction (SCI) model for construction projects.Safety science,57, pp.138-149.
17PROJECT DISSERTATION Fang, D., Wu, C. & Wu, H., 2015. Impact of the supervisor on worker safety behavior in construction projects.Journal of Management in Engineering,31(6), p.04015001. Feng, Y., 2013. Effect of safety investments on safety performance of building projects.Safety science,59, pp.28-45. Friberg, J.H., 2012. Culture at work: Polish migrants in the ethnic division of labour on Norwegian construction sites.Ethnic and Racial Studies,35(11), pp.1914-1933. Gulati, S., Watt, L., Shaw, N., Sung, L., Poureslami, I.M., Klaassen, R., Dix, D. & Klassen, A.F., 2012. Communication and language challengesexperienced by Chinese and South Asian immigrantparentsofchildrenwithcancerinCanada:implicationsforhealthservices delivery.Pediatric blood & cancer,58(4), pp.572-578. Hall, B.J., Covarrubias, P.O. & Kirschbaum, K.A., 2017.Among cultures: The challenge of communication. Routledge. Harris, F. & McCaffer, R., 2013.Modern construction management. John Wiley & Sons. Hinze, J., Hallowell, M. & Baud, K., 2013. Construction-safety best practices and relationships tosafetyperformance.Journalofconstructionengineeringandmanagement,139(10), p.04013006. Hosseinian, S.S. & Torghabeh, Z.J., 2012. Major theories of construction accident causation models:aliteraturereview.InternationalJournalofAdvancesinEngineering& Technology,4(2), pp.53-66. Hughes, J.A. & Sharrock, W.W., 2016.The philosophy of social research. Routledge. Ismail, Z., Doostdar, S. & Harun, Z., 2012. Factors influencing the implementation of a safety management system for construction sites.Safety science,50(3), pp.418-423.
18PROJECT DISSERTATION Kazaz, A., Ulubeyli, S. & Tuncbilekli, N.A., 2012. Causes of delays in construction projects in Turkey.Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,18(3), pp.426-435. Kerr,E.B.&Hiltz,S.R.,2013.Computer-mediatedcommunicationsystems:Statusand evaluation. Academic Press. Khosravi, Y., Asilian-Mahabadi, H., Hajizadeh, E., Hassanzadeh-Rangi, N., Bastani, H. & Behzadan, A.H., 2014. Factors influencing unsafe behaviors and accidents on construction sites: a review.International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics,20(1), pp.111-125. Kinloch,P.&Metge,J.,2014.Talkingpasteachother:problemsofcrosscultural communication. Victoria University Press. Kitchin, R. & Tate, N., 2013.Conducting research in human geography: theory, methodology and practice. Routledge. Langford, D., Fellows, R.F., Hancock, M.R. & Gale, A.W., 2014.Human resources management in construction. Routledge. Loosemore, M. & Lee, P., 2002. Communication problems with ethnic minorities in the construction industry. , 20, pp.517–524. Martin, J.N. & Nakayama, T.K., 2013.Experiencing intercultural communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Meardi, G., Martin, A. & Riera, M.L., 2012. Constructing uncertainty: Unions and migrant labour in construction in Spain and the UK.Journal of Industrial Relations,54(1), pp.5-21. Mehrabian, A., 2017.Nonverbal communication. Routledge. Men, L.R., 2014. Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction.Management Communication Quarterly,28(2), pp.264-284.
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
19PROJECT DISSERTATION Ministry of Manpower Singapore., 2018.Foreign workforce numbers. [online] Available at: http://www.mom.gov.sg/documents-and-publications/foreign-workforce-numbers[Accessed5 Apr. 2018]. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. & Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), pp.183- 202. Mishra, K., Boynton, L. & Mishra, A., 2014. Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), pp.183- 202. Nind,M.&Hewett,D.,2012.Accesstocommunication:Developingthebasicsof communication with people with severe learning difficulties through intensive interaction. Routledge. Samovar, L.A., McDaniel, E.R., Porter, R.E. & Roy, C.S., 2015.Communication between cultures. Nelson Education. Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E., McDaniel, E.R. & Roy, C.S., 2014.Intercultural communication: A reader. Cengage Learning. Sekaran, U. & Bougie, R., 2016.Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. The Straits Times. (2018).Workplace safety in Singapore: 55 deaths, and all 'were preventable'. [online] Available at: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/55-deaths-and-all-were- preventable [Accessed 5 Apr. 2018].
20PROJECT DISSERTATION The Straits Times., 2018.24 Year Old Worker Killed In-industrial Accident At Tampines. [online]Availableat:http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/24-year-old-worker- killed-in-industrial-accident-at-tampines [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. The Straits Times., 2018.33 Year Old Construction Worker Killed By Vehicle While Repairing Pothole. [online] Available at: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/33-year-old-construction- worker-killed-by-vehicle-while-repairing-pothole [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. The Straits Times., 2018.Worker dies in accident at construction site in Jalan Sultan. [online] Available at: http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/worker-injured-in-accident-at-construction- site-in-jalan-sultan [Accessed 10 Apr. 2018]. Tsay, M. & Brady, M., 2012. A case study of cooperative learning and communication pedagogy: Does working in teams make a difference?.Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning,10(2), pp.78-89. Tutt, D. & Gibb, A., Migrant Construction Workers and Health & Safety Communication, Vasu, N., Yin, Y.S. & Ling, C.W. eds., 2014.Immigration in Singapore(Vol. 1). Amsterdam University Press. Veal, A.J., 2017.Research methods for leisure and tourism. Pearson UK. Wahyuni, D., 2012. The research design maze: Understanding paradigms, cases, methods and methodologies. Wu, W., Yang, H., Li, Q. & Chew, D., 2013. An integrated information management model for proactive prevention of struck-by-falling-object accidents on construction sites.Automation in Construction,34, pp.67-74.
21PROJECT DISSERTATION Yang, H., Chew, D.A., Wu, W., Zhou, Z. & Li, Q., 2012. Design and implementation of an identification system in construction site safety for proactive accident prevention.Accident Analysis & Prevention,48, pp.193-203. YawA. Debrah, G.O., Subcontracting,foreign workersand job safety in the Singapore construction industry.pdf. Yeoh, B.S. & Lam, T., 2016. Immigration and its (dis) contents: the challenges of highly skilled migration in globalizing Singapore.American Behavioral Scientist,60(5-6), pp.637-658. Zhou, Z., Goh, Y.M. & Li, Q., 2015. Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry.Safety science,72, pp.337-350. Zhou, Z., Irizarry, J. & Li, Q., 2014. Using network theory to explore the complexity of subway construction accident network (SCAN) for promoting safety management.Safety Science,64, pp.127-136.
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
22PROJECT DISSERTATION 7.0 Appendix 7.1 Questionnaire for the research 7.1.1 Demographic Questions Q1. What is your age? 18- 22 Years 22.1- 26 Years 26.1- 30 Years More than 30 Years Q2. What is your nationality? Singaporean Indonesian Filipinos Sri Lankan Q3. For how long you have been associated with the construction working? Less than 1 Year 3 Years 3.1 - 5 Years More than 5 Years Q4. Do you feel difficulty in communicating with the people you are working with? Very Often Sometimes Never
23PROJECT DISSERTATION 7.1.2 Research questions about communication and language barriers Cause of communication and language barriers QuestionAgreeNeutralDisagree CLDo you agree that less knowledge in English is the major reason for communication and language barrier? CCHow far do you agree that cultural diversity and social belief is the driving factor for the communication and language barrier? CSDo you agree that due to status differences and non-verbal behavior, the problem of communication and language barrier occur? Table 8: Research questions about communication and language barriers (Source: Created by Author) 7.1.2 Research questions about overcoming of communication and language barriers Overcoming of communication and language barriers QuestionAgreeNeutralDisagree OTHow far do you agree that effective training for language and safety measures at construction sites can overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents? OFDo you agree that the employee feedback methods can overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents? Table 9: Research questions about overcoming of communication and language barriers (Source: Created by Author) 7.2 Response table for the quantitative data analysis Q5. Do you agree thatless knowledge in Englishis the major reason for communication and language barrier? OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response Agree2730 Neutral0330 Disagree0030 Table 10: Response on less knowledge in English being the reason for communication and language barrier
24PROJECT DISSERTATION (Source: Created by Author) Q6. How far do you agree that cultural diversity and social belief is the driving factor for the communication and language barrier? OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response Agree030 Neutral030 Disagree3030 Table 11: Response on cultural diversity and social belief being the reason for communication and language barrier (Source: Created by Author) Q7. Do you agree that due tostatus differences and non-verbal behavior, the problem of communication and language barrier occur? OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response Agree1530 Neutral1030 Disagree0530 Table 12: Response on status differences and non-verbal behavior being the reason for communication and language barrier (Source: Created by Author) Q8.Howfardoyouagreethateffectivetrainingforlanguageandsafetymeasuresat construction sites can overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents? OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response Agree2030 Neutral0430 Disagree0630 Table 13: Response on effective training for language and safety measures being the factor for overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents (Source: Created by Author) Q9. Do you agree that the employee feedback and interview methods can overcome the language barrier and reduce accidents?
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
25PROJECT DISSERTATION OptionsNo. of RespondentsTotal Number of Response Agree0530 Neutral1530 Disagree1030 Table 14: Response on employee feedback and interview method being the factor for overcome the language barrier and less accidents (Source: Created by Author) 7.3 Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of effective training for language and safety SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R0.481151587 R Square0.231506849 Adjusted R Square 0.204060665 Standard Error 0.676340446 Observatio ns 30 ANOVA dfSSMSFSignificanc e F Regression13.85844 7 3.8584 47 8.434 9 0.0071079 71 Residual2812.8082 2 0.4574 36 Total2916.6666 7 Coefficien ts Standar d Error t StatP- value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept0.6506849 32 0.265512.4507 02 0.020 8 0.1068132 25 1.1945 57 0.1068 13 1.1945 57 Training for language and safety 0.4452054 79 0.15329 2 2.9042 96 0.007 1 0.1312010 03 0.7592 1 0.1312 01 0.7592 1
26PROJECT DISSERTATION Table 15: Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of effective training for language and safety (Source: Created by Author) 7.4 Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of employee feedback and interview method SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R0.542326 R Square0.294118 Adjusted R Square 0.268908 Standard Error 0.648204 Observatio ns 30 ANOVA dfSSMSFSignifican ce F Regression14.90196 1 4.9019 61 11.666 67 0.001962 Residual2811.7647 1 0.4201 68 Total2916.6666 7 Coefficie nts Standar d Error t StatP- value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept0.0588240.39145 6 0.1502 69 0.8816 3 -0.743040.8606 85 - 0.7430 4 0.8606 85 Employee feedback and interview method 0.5882350.17221 8 3.4156 5 0.0019 62 0.2354630.9410 07 0.2354 63 0.9410 07 Table 16: Regression analysis between the cause of the communication and language barriers with the solution of employee feedback and interview method (Source: Created by Author)
27PROJECT DISSERTATION 7.5 Research Ethics Approval Form TO BE COMPLETED FOR PROJECTS IN RISK CATEGORY 2 AND 3 Your name DAVID DHARESH TAUFIQ Project title “Do communication and language barriers to migrant workers a cause of accidents and affects the construction industry” 3Main Ethical Considerations Consent form is given to all the employees and is duly signed by them which is a proof that they willingly participate in the research. All the data considered for the research is protected through Data Protection Act (1998) and these respondents are provided with consent forms that is used as a proof that they willingly participate in the research. No respondents are forced to change their answers during the survey. The questionnaire of the research is only related to the language and communication and the major problems and concerns in the construction industry. All the obtained data are kept confidential and only the investigator will have the access to these data. Issues involved in this research are of– The consent of the employer, to be able to be granted permission to conduct surveys in their workforce. The data collected through the survey and questionnaire would determine if language and communication are major problems and concerns in the construction industry.
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
28PROJECT DISSERTATION Only data needed for the research should be collected. Only the researcher will have access to the information and all results will be kept strictly confidential. Participants will share information like : Name Age Date of birth ID no Contact number Company name Designation in the organisation Their thought on who, how, why & when they might be exposed to such risks or if there are any specifically named individuals or work process, practice at their organisation that affects them. After the study is concluded and submission is done, the data collection will be deleted from sources like thumb-drive, hard-drive etc. Astherearehumanparticipantsinthisstudy,eachparticipantwillbegivena consent/declaration form that states all angles and practices of this study and the process that will be followed clearly. Data gathered throughout this study from the participants will be used solely for this study and will be destroyed after the study is concluded and submitted. There will be a non-disclosure agreement signed between the participant and me Participants can withdraw from the study at any point for any reason but the non-
29PROJECT DISSERTATION disclosure will be in effect from the point of signing to September 5th, 2018 There will be no participants under the age of 18 Participants will not be those who are suffering from terminal or mental illnesses of any sort 4Human Participants Participants are : 18 and above Workers of a construction company Willing to contribute their valuable perceptions and inputs through self-administered survey They will: Fill in a survey questionnaire at their convenience No cost incurred Be helping us to identify any problem and gain better results of the language problems faced in the workplace Participants will not be those who are suffering from terminal or mental illnesses of any sort 5Recruitment, Voluntary Participation, Consent and Right to Withdraw The Human participants are identified by me. I have already gotten approval from my director to carry out the survey and investigations at my own time. An email sent out to my supervisors to pick out the identified workers for the
30PROJECT DISSERTATION survey. A verbal consent from the workers to participate in this study. 6Risks and Benefits
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
31PROJECT DISSERTATION The surveys and interviews will be conducted in my workplace during office hours at two different projects. The participants will be given a questionnaire set of 10 questions to answer. The Rationale of this study is to find out if communication problem is the main cause of accidents in the workplace. Risks involved in this research are such as when travelling to project site where road accidents are possible. During the interview discussion during the interview could cause distress to participants and the researcher may feel nervous on how to deal with the situation. 7Personal Data, Anonymity and Confidentiality All personal information will ONLY be used for the purpose of this research. All personal information will be deleted after the submission of this research from all resources like thumb-
32PROJECT DISSERTATION drive, hard-drive, hard-copy and soft-copies. 8Reporting and Dissemination This research will only be uploaded in TURNITIN VIA MDIS BLACKBOARD. There will be no publications to this research papers in the future without my permission. All survey details will be stored and safe kept by the researcher with key and lock assessable only to the researcher at any time throughout this study. 11Any other permission or external ethical approval required to undertake the project All survey/questionnaire will be held at a mutual working place between the participants and me. Priority will be given to each participant’s convenience and comfort. No meet will be scheduled after 10pm on any day