Overpopulation and India's Development

This assignment examines the multifaceted consequences of overpopulation in India. It delves into the economic strain caused by a large population, exploring issues like unemployment and resource scarcity. Furthermore, it investigates the environmental repercussions of population growth, such as deforestation, pollution, and depletion of natural resources. The assignment also analyzes the social impacts of overpopulation, including challenges to infrastructure, healthcare, and education systems.

Running head: COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
Communication Skills for Postgraduate Study
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

1
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
Task 1
Overpopulation in India, Global Issue
Introduction
“Overpopulation is a serious threat to our own existence” (Lahore, 2017). This issue
should not be addressed only in just few countries rather it is the serious issue that needs to be
addressed in the whole world. India is the clear image of increasing population as every corner of
India is overcrowded. This report illustrates the causes for rapid growth of population in India
and consequences of overpopulation. This report also discusses some of the policies and methods
to control the over population in India in order to make the pace between the rapid growth of
population and economic growth.
Discussion
India is now the living place for 1.2 billion people and by the middle of this century, the
population of India is predicted to increase to 1.8 billion people. According to the Indian Census
of 2011, the population of India was 1,210,193,422 which showed that India is following the
China in case of population growth. The various studies conducted by experts have estimated
that surprisingly India will be global number one most populous country by the end of year 2025.
In India, every corner of the countries accounts for overpopulation as the number of
people is increasing at a very fast rate compared to the growing infrastructure. The evidences of
overpopulation can be seen in every place such as in metro station, railway station, roads,
market, hospital and others. The issue of overpopulation is growing on a daily basis without any
sign of control. These places are overcrowded with people just fighting to adjust itself in the

2
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
given area. For example, in hospitals and railway station people are seen suffering due to lack of
places such as patients in hospital are just left on grounds due to unavailability of beds and are
not treated. This has been the increasing concern about the society; however, nothing being done
for the purpose. The population has already been increasing at a very fast rate and is estimated to
increase even further (Singh, Singh, & Srivastava 2016).
The evidences are seen in every city of the country such as New Delhi, the capital of the
country alone portrays a population of 23 million. This comprises of a large part of the 1.8
billion total population of the country. This shows that the megacities of the country have huge
population compared to small cities. Thus, a gap is instantly visible between different cities of
the country regarding population pressure. Pressure of population is seen in the country as
according to recent researches it is estimated that the company adds 700,000 inhabitants every
year. This shows the percentage of population pressure the country allows in its boundary, which
is causing overcrowding in many places (Basha 2016). The amount of overpopulation is also
visible in the society as most of the people are unable to get the access to basic amenities of life.
People are stuck in lines and crowd for municipal trucks to supply waters in some of the areas
especially slums. This shows the concern and increasing Global issues in the country that arises
from a major issue that is overpopulation (Coale, Johnson, & Edgar 2015).
The India’s population is expanding due to advancement in medical technologies and
growth in production of agriculture (Lahore, 2017). The other cause for the growth of population
in India is that the birth rate is higher than the death rate. As it is seen that the birth rate is
increasing continuously in the country because of various reason. However, the country has been
able to reduce the death rate, there are still increasing birth rate. This the combination of low
death rate and increasing birth rate has increased the pressure even more on the country with no

3
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
signs of control. The reason of increasing population is also visible due to betterment in the
standard of living of the people and increase in life expectancy (Cassen 2016). It is suggested by
the theory of demographic transition that after certain level of decline in birth rate and family
sizes, the fertility level of the people will again increase as the country develops. Thus, the
ability of the country to recover from underdevelopment to development is causing negative
impacts, which is visible from population growth (Thomas 2014). The universal practice of early
marriage of girls still exists in the India which is also one of the causes of higher birth rate of
infants (Phukan, 2014).
Another important factor leading to overpopulation in India is the poverty as people think
that more children will earn more money. In addition to it, illiteracy is also one of the leading
factors for rapid growth of the population. Another cause of overcrowding is the correlation
between the situation of overpopulation and poverty. The correlation exists very strongly
between these two factors as due to increasing poverty and inability of the people to buy birth
control measure leads to population growth. They are unable to buy the modern methods and
tools by which they can control the birth of children. Moreover, poverty also leads to inability of
the people to take good education from a well renowned place, which leads to illiteracy. Such
situation makes it unable for the people to realize the negative effect of population growth and
importance of population control (Moghadam, & Helbich 2013).
Another factor is the age old norms as in India people believes that male child is the
bread earner of the families and parents are pressurised to produce the children till male child is
born(Phukan, 2014). Migration is yet another reason of growing population in the country as
people are migrating from other country to India for various reasons. Most of the migration is
illegal in the country such as from Bangladesh. These people migrate to India for some illegal

4
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
activities and then start a new living here. However, the main cause of such increasing illegal
migration is the bad and inappropriate political structure of the country. These politicians and
their rivalry allow these people to settle in the country for their own benefits and monetary
values (Bokde, Gupta, & Kulat 2017).
There are several impacts of overpopulation. First of all, there is unemployment as it is
very difficult to generate job for such a huge population. Secondly, there is pressure on
infrastructure as the infrastructure facilities development is not keeping pace with the rapid
expansion of population. Moreover, the number of slums, overcrowded houses and traffic
congestion increases with rapid growth of population. Not only this, the resources are being
overutilised which leads to shortage of resources and the resources like forest; land areas are
being over exploited. There is unequal dispensation of the inequalities and income within the
country as the population is growing at rapid rate in India (Phukan, 2017).
Another major impact of over population is fall in capital formation. Near about 35% of the
population in India is below the age of 14 who are dependent on others for their survival.
Therefore, the capacity reduces due to pressure of dependent which results in the downfall of
capital formation (Ram, 2014). Rapid growth of population increases the pressure on agriculture
land and leads to several environmental problems like water pollution , air pollution , land
pollution and noise pollution (B. Joson.etal, 2010)
India is suffering from economic inequality, which is giving birth to the poverty at an
increased rate. The issue of overpopulation involved grew more critical nature due to the
advancements in the field of artificial intelligence. Automation has intended to threaten 70% lose
in workforce along with the million of job losses which are already happening in the production

5
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
sectors of IT. E-Commerce has lacked to take up this far due to the cuts in job which is not as
competitive as in the marketplace. Excessive population is leading to the breakdown of the
institutions and it is making all plans to bring improvements in the infrastructure of the country.
This further incorporates that Government of India which is struggling to enact reforms since the
time of Independence (Singh et al 2015).
The result of the growth of population is a bigger problem that the entire world would
face later or sooner. Drinking water, treatments of sewage, lack of rainfall, rapid depredation of
the natural resources and the extinction of many animal and plant species due to the excess
cutting of trees and the loss of economic system, increasing the level of life threatening water, air
and due to the extreme poverty, these problems are taking place at a larger scale. Due to
overpopulation, there is an increase in the number of jobless people and the development of the
business is slow (Grimmet et al 2013; Singh et al 2015). This resulted to the communication gap
and the lack of healthcare, education and housing. Production in food is decreasing and this is
also leading to the increasing of the price of the remaining food. With the increasing of
population, there is an inequitable distribution of the income, which is making the poverty in
India intense. The illiteracy is also responsible for the growth of population. Early marriages and
excess childbirth without any family planning is also an important impact of the over population.
To top of this, unemployment is another important result of the impact of this bigger issue.
Finally, the over population is affecting the changes in the economic trend of the country.
However, with the advancement in the field of technology in India, is leading to the decline of
child mortality rate in India (Grimmet et al 2013)
In order to control the population of India, the government of India should start a
population policy so that rapid growth of population can keep pace with the economic growth of

6
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
the country (Phukan, 2017). “Increasing the welfare and status of women and girls, spread of
education, increasing awareness for the use of contraceptives and family planning methods, sex
education, encouraging male sterilisation and spacing births, free distribution of contraceptives
and condoms among the poor, encouraging female empowerment, more health care centres for
the poor, to name a few, can play a major role in controlling population” (Phukan, 2014). The
most important factor which plays a very significant role in controlling the population is the
Public awareness and strict government rules which will keep pace between the economic
growth and rapid population growth. The higher level of education to the women can delay the
marriage which can help to reduce the birth rate and decreases the fertility level (Birdsall &
Nancy, 1997)
It’s not just the India or China who are dealing effectively with the consequence of rapid
growth of population rather it is the high time for all the world wide forums to come up with the
better solution to this global issue of overpopulation so as to make the world a better tomorrow.
The population of India can be controlled by the raising status of the women. The women
in India are still suffering from discrimination and they are allocated to the field of rearing and
bringing up children. Therefore, women must be bestowed with opportunities in order to develop
economically and socially. The mode of free education should be handed over to them (Rifaat
2015).
Spread of the education is necessary to bring changes in the outlook of people. The
educated people give preference to the delay of marriages and adopting the smaller norms of
family. Educated women are having health conscious and tend to avoid frequent pregnancies and
thus helping the decreasing in the rate of fertility (Uniyal et al 2016).

7
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
Some parents do not have any children. Despite the costly medical check- ups, it is better
advisable that they must look forward to bring up orphan children. It would be beneficial to the
orphan children and the children couples.
A people’s social outlook goes under transformation. Marriage should no longer be taken
into consideration as a social binding. The women who are issue less should not be looked down
(Uniyal et al 2016).
The first and important measure of the overpopulation is to raise employment areas in the
urban as well as in the rural areas. Naturally, in the rural areas, there exists disguised form of
unemployment. Therefore, efforts are needed to be made in order to migrate the people who are
jobless from the rural areas to the urban sides. This important step can check the population
growth in future.
If the development in the sectors of Industry and agriculture takes place, then there would
a larger number of people would get employment. Once their income is increased, they would
make improvements in their living standard of the living and start adopting norms of small
family.
Bringing improvements in the standard of living which would prevent to a larger family
norm. In order to regulate their higher standard of living, people would prefer to have a small
family. According to many writers, the people who earn less than the rupees 100 per month,
which is dependent on the production at an average rate of 3.4 children and the people who earn
more than rs.300 per month having the reproduction rate of 2.9 children.

8
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
It is on the people’s record that in the urban places, there exists low birth rates than those
women who are living in the rural areas. Urbanization in the rural areas is to be encourages in
order to bring enlightenment in the mindset of the people.
Marriages should take place in the age of 30 years. This would further reduce the
period of reproduction among the group of females, which would bring down the period of
reproduction among the females down the line of the birth rate. The government has fixed the
minimum marriage at the 21 years for the males group and for the females group it is 18 years
Conclusion
From the above analysis, it can be deduced that the issue of population is increasing
uncontrollably in the country causing various harmful effects. The authorities in the country are
taking few actions such as family planning, economic growth, education system, health facilities
and others. However, it is seen that it is difficult to implement such steps in the population
control measure due to the huge size of the country. Moreover, people in the country are ot
supportive and have their own views and ideas that create a barrier for the policy makers t
implement such policies. The main people that might create a problem are the political system in
the country that can do anything for their own goods irrespective of anything. However, it can be
seen that even though it might take time yet the control measures will have some long-term
beneficial measures on the population. For example, educating the poor will take time; however,
they will slowly be aware of the need to control population in the country.

9
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
Task 2
TLC501 Research Paper: Written Response to Feedback
In the first assignment, I made several mistakes as I divided the entire essay in only three
parts which was insufficient for the assignment. The possible reasons of the errors and the
improvements were also not discussed elaborately before concluding the essay.
Firstly, the errors occurred as I had chosen the incorrect form of the thesis. The format
that I applied was in the report format and hence, I did not include the “critical discussion”, and
applied only the “explanation” part. Since I used the report format, my thesis did not outline a
thesis statement but only the entire structure of the thesis. Moreover, since I used many sub-
headings of the report format, I did not emphasize on the noticeable topic sentences for each
paragraph and section.
After acknowledging the errors, I started adjusting the structure of the thesis and attached
the format of argumentative thesis in my second assignment. This time, I listed the significant
thesis statement in the introduction statement and I used most of the topic sentences in the
opening of each paragraphs.
The most difficult and challenging task of this portion was the construction of the opening
statements as there were impact of traditional Taiwanese writing context which were indirect and
obscure. In other words, the traditional Taiwanese writing emphasized the facts and contradict
views before addressing the prime idea. Therefore, the reconstruction of the paragraph in a direct
and clear way was the most tough task for me.

10
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
The second error that I had done was about the punctuation, grammar and the sentence
structure. In this part, the most difficult problem that I had faced here is of not using the correct
forms articles. I had faced this even when I was studying EAP course in MIT in the previous
year. Even at that time, I was instructed to use the necessary forms of articles and hence I
mistook it and started using “the” in each of the noun that had no article. Hence, I was said that
my assignment contains unnecessary articles.
In discussing the possible causes of the problem, I wrote in most of my context that I had
not find any explicit strong association of the article in the native language and henceforth I
neglected the persistent result of the cause. In order to improve this problem, I started reading
several grammar books that were written in English as well as in Mandarin. However, I still
faced challenges to decide which rule I have to apply under different situations. I honestly
confess that I have not solved this issue and I started learning from my mistakes.
The third types of errors made by me was in the vocabulary section of the assignment.
Since I had not learnt enough of the understanding of the article, I started using wrong
vocabulary and inappropriate words thinking in context with my native language. Besides, in my
first assignment, I also used some informal vocabulary as I was not fully aware of the academic
vocabulary of the text.
To reduce such mistakes in my second assignment, I took the help of the dictionary and
the sentences that were given in the examples. I started reading more academic vocabulary and
visited the websites from where I corrected my second assignment.

11
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
In the part of the conclusion, I have remodeled most of my assignment and tried to avoid
as much mistakes as I could. Nevertheless, I found difficulties in some of them to improve them
totally. In order to enhance my writing skill in the language, I started reading more related
articles and journals and made it a habit to contact the dictionary whenever a problem pops up.
.

12
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
REFERENCES:
Basha, M. "Causes for Educated Unemployment in India with Special Reference to Higher
Education." Splint International Journal of Professionals 3, no. 4 (2016): 30.
Birdsall, Nancy. “Analytical Approaches to the Relationship of Population Growth and
Development.” Population and Development Review, Vol. 3, No ½, Mar.—Jun.1977, pp.63-102.
Bokde, Neeraj Dhanraj, Aditya Gupta, and Kishore Kulat. "Backward Elimination Approach of
Regression Model to Decide the Road Safety Policies Across the States in India." Indian Journal
of Science and Technology 9, no. 48 (2017).
Brandon Lozeau. “The Effects of Population Growth on Economic Performances in China and
India.” Brussels Journal of International Studies, Vol. 4 , 2007
Cassen, Robert. India: population, economy, society. Springer, 2016.
Coale, Ansley Johnson, and Edgar M. Hoover. Population growth and economic development.
Princeton University Press, 2015.
Grimmett, Richard, Carol Inskipp, and Tim Inskipp. Birds of the Indian Subcontinent: India,
Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and the Maldives. Bloomsbury Publishing,
2013.
International Policy Digest. 2017. "Impact Of Overpopulation On India's Growth".
https://intpolicydigest.org/2017/06/19/impact-of-overpopulation-on-india-s-growth/.

13
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY
Moghadam, Hossein Shafizadeh, and Marco Helbich. "Spatiotemporal urbanization processes in
the megacity of Mumbai, India: A Markov chains-cellular automata urban growth
model." Applied Geography 40 (2013): 140-149.
Phukan. “Overpopulation in India- Causes, Effects and How to Control it?” July, 2014
https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/india/overpopulation-in-india-causes-effects-and-how-
to-control-it
Rifaat, Shafik I. "The Modern City Re-invented: A Conceptual Model for Sustainable Urban
Form." Global Studies Journal 7, no. 4 (2015).
Singh, Rajeev Pratap, Anita Singh, and Vaibhav Srivastava, eds. Environmental Issues
Surrounding Human Overpopulation. IGI Global, 2016.
Singh, Rajeev Pratap, Anita Singh, and Vaibhav Srivastava, eds. Environmental Issues
Surrounding Human Overpopulation. IGI Global, 2016.;
Tek Ram. “ Impact of Overpopulation on Indian Economy and their Redemption” Global
Journal For Research Analysis, Vol. 4,Issue-12, Dec-2015 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160
Thomas, Jayan Jose. "The demographic challenge and employment growth in India." Economic and
Political Weekly 49, no. 6 (2014): 15-17.
Uniyal, Shivani, Rashmi Paliwal, Bhumija Kaphaliya, and R. K. Sharma. "Human
Overpopulation: Impact on Environment." Environmental Issues Surrounding Human
Overpopulation 738, no. 632 (2016): 1.
Vinay Lahor. “Impact of overpopulation on India’s Growth” International Policy Digest, World
News, Jun. 2017

14
COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY