Effectiveness of Community Occupational Interventions for Improving ADLs in People with Dementia

This literature review analyzes the effectiveness of community occupational interventions in improving ADLs for people with dementia. It includes the search terms used, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and critical appraisal of articles found. The review covers the aim, context, methodology, study purposes, overall methodologies used, and data collection methods.

Evidence-Based Practice and Research 2
Shortened Literature Review
Topic: Are community occupational interventions effective in improving ADLs for people with
dementia.
Word count

Contents
Aim of the review:.................................................................................................................................3
Context of the review:...........................................................................................................................3
Methodology:........................................................................................................................................3
Focusing the question........................................................................................................................3
Search terms used.............................................................................................................................3
Inclusion and exclusion criteria.........................................................................................................4
Databases searched...........................................................................................................................4
Articles found and excluded..............................................................................................................4
Critical appraisal process...................................................................................................................4
Critique of the articles...........................................................................................................................4
Papers found.....................................................................................................................................5
Study purposes..................................................................................................................................5
Overall methodologies used..............................................................................................................5
Sampling / participant recruitment..................................................................................................5
Data collection methods....................................................................................................................5
Data analysis methods.......................................................................................................................6
Rigour of the research.......................................................................................................................6
Conclusions........................................................................................................................................6
Summary of the quality of the research................................................................................................6
References.............................................................................................................................................7

Aim of the review:
“To analyse that are community occupational interventions effective in improving ADLs for
people with dementia”. For the intent of this review, occupational- based interventions are
described as practices which assist the performance into following field of occupation that
are ADLs, instrumental activities of daily living, sleep and rest, work, leisure, social
participation and education. Occupational therapy facilitates assistance to individuals whose
health prevents them while performing the practices which matters to them. Additionally, an
occupational therapists may determine the strengths as well as challenges that they can
have in day to day life like dressing or obtaining to the shops as well as would aids them in
performing the practical solutions. Moreover, this also support person with temporary but
vital levels or enduring the loss of physical activities into day to day living skills.
Frequently by using versatile instruments, Occupational therapy includes significant
exercises to further develop fundamental abilities and advance cooperation in day to day
existence. Through schooling, restoration strategies and exercise, word related specialists
empower the re-learning and improvement of fine coordinated movements, strength and
ability. Occupational therapists will initially assess and survey the state of the person. The
specialist will figure out which sorts of exercises can be performed with practically no help,
which need some help, and which can't be finished by any stretch of the imagination. Then,
at that point, they will foster a customized arrangement of care in light of the nature and level
of the brokenness, as well as what extraordinary administrations and restorative
intercessions might be required
Context of the review:
Occupational therapy concentrates upon self care practices as well as development of fine
motor joints & muscles coordination, that specifically within upper extremities. Unlike
physical therapy that focuses upon strengthening of muscles as well as joint range of motion
occupation therapy concentrates upon activities of daily living as they are the independent
living cornerstone. ADLs this states the term activities of daily living which is considered as
the key tasks that individuals have to perform daily for their survival such as eating, bathing,
and others. In addition to this, ADLs needs much difficult cognitive functioning than BADLs.
IADLs incorporates developing meals: conveying through writing or computer, telephone;
managing finances as well as regular drug regimens, cleaning, food, shopping, laundry and
so on.
Furthermore occupational therapy may be initiated when a physician writes a referral for
rehabilitation, that si similar to write a prescription. The referral might be explained that
involves a brief history of issues such as duration, types of injury or disorder as well as
developing the objectives of therapy. Moreover, the occupational therapists lists can be
gained from a patient’s insurance carriers, a local hospital, state occupational training firms
and others. Additionally, patients are evaluated for drawbacks which needs interventions as
well as for strengths which may be utilised for compensating for weaknesses. Limitations
can include motor functions, sensation, psychosocial or cognition function. In addition to this
the examiners ascertain that practices such as social, work, leisure, learning and many more
patients desires or required assistance with. Patients also need assistances along with
general form of activity or it can required to be encouraged to perform an activity. Also,
therapists can utilise an examination instruments to aids into evaluation.
Apart from this, Occupational therapy is a fundamental piece of a rehabilitation program, as
it permits people to return to a useful, free way of life. More than 33% of word related

advisors work with more established grown-ups who have been impacted by ailment, injury,
incapacity or psychological well-being condition. As a matter of fact, Occupational therapists
are frequently advocates for the old, working with neighbourhood local gatherings and state
run administrations to guarantee each is doing their part to permit seniors to keep up with
however much freedom as could be expected..
Methods:
Who the population are
Occupational therapy for seniors has a unique spotlight on what the individual is as yet fit for
doing, as opposed to what they can't do, and assisting them with conquering their
impediments or difficulties. Word related advisors likewise teach family parental figures,
assisting them with observing the help and help they might have to keep on giving the best
consideration to their maturing friends and family at home.
What the intervention is (for quantitative questions).
Occupation therapy can includes of one consultation or frequent programmes to vaary
intensity. Moreover, the sessions can incur into several settings.
• Cute care, rehabilitation, outpatient, adult day care, skilled nursing, or long-term care
facilities
• The home (as part of home health care)
• Senior housing developments
• Life-care or assisted-living communities
Occupational therapists forms an individualised session for enhancing the patients motor,
communication, interaction and cognitive abilities. The objective is not only to aids patients
perform ADLs but also perform proper preferred leisure tasks and for fostering and
maintaining social interaction and participation.
What the outcomes are (for quantitative questions).
As outcomes, Patients are assisted creative approaches to working with social activities (eg,
how to get to display lobbies or church without driving, how to include compact intensifiers or
other assistive particular contraptions in different settings, how to travel safely no matter
what a stick or walker). Guides could suggest new activities (eg, contributing empower
grandparent tasks, schools, or crisis centres).
Additionally, patients are taught strategies to compensate for their hindrances (eg, to sit
while gardening). The expert could perceive different assistive devices that can help patients
with doing various activities of regular living (see table Assistive Devices). Most
Occupational therapists can pick wheelchairs appropriate for patients' necessities and give
planning to farthest point shockingly crippled individuals. Occupational therapists could
create and fit contraptions to thwart contractures and treat other valuable issues.
Search terms used
Search Item Meaning
Cardiometabolic A range of conditions beginning with insulin
resistance, progressing to the metabolic
syndrome, pre-diabetes, and finally to more
severe conditions including cardiovascular

disease (Ma and et. al., 2022).
Cognitive Stimulation Cognitive stimulation refers to the set of
techniques, strategies and materials to
improve performance and effectiveness of
cognitive capabilities and executive functions
such as memory, attention, language,
reasoning and planning, among others.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria
Criterion Rationale
Current treatment of
dementia
It helps understand the role of
occupational and community
intervention in dementia treatment
Operational treatment It helps attain the research
question
Risk of dementia It helps determine the effectiveness
of community and o
Exclusion criteria
Criterion Rationale
Anatomic impact of
dementia
This is an irreversible impact of
dementia
Vascular contributions to
dementia
This concept is not useful in
determining effectiveness of
treatments in improving ADL
Nuerodivergent disorders It increases complexity of
examining effectiveness of
operational and community
treatment in supporting better ADL
Databases searched
Name of database Reason for choosing this database
Google Scholar Easy access to wide variety of sources
Hometouch.com Perspectives of current professionals involved in dementia
treatment
British medical journal Relevant articles which provide knowledge applicable in
local context
Articles found and excluded
Database Number article found Number of duplicates
removed
Reason
Google Scholar 1 1 Irrelevant to the
research question
Hometouch.co
m
1 None None
British medical
journal
2 1 Lack of ethical
consideration

Critical appraisal process
Critique of the articles
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term:
the SCI-Dem realist review, 2022.
Usage of CASP tools:
Strengths and weaknesses: (Sustaining community-based interventions for people
affected by dementia long term: the SCI-Dem realist review, 2022
)
Critical Summary:
Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019.
Usage of CASP tools:
Strengths and weaknesses:
(Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019
)
Critical Summary:
Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three
analyses of population cohort studies, 2021.
Usage of CASP tools:
Strengths and weaknesses:
(Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and
risk of dementia: three analyses of population cohort studies, 2021)
Critical Summary:
Yiannopoulou, K. G. and Papageorgiou, S. G., 2020. Current and future treatments in
Alzheimer disease: an update. Journal of central nervous system disease, 12.
p.1179573520907397.
Usage of CASP tools:
Strengths and weaknesses:
Critical Summary:
Papers found
Reference of paper Overall
methodology
Key findings Comment on quality
Sustaining community-
based interventions for
people affected by
dementia long term: the
SCI-Dem realist review,
2022.
Qualitative,
quantitative
and mixed
research
methods
Theoretical model of
long-term
sustainability of
community
intervention.
High
Occupational therapy for
dementia, 2019.
Secondary
research
Different
occupational therapy
treatment for people
with dementia
High

Cognitive stimulation in the
workplace, plasma proteins,
and risk of dementia: three
analyses of population
cohort studies, 2021.
Multicohort
study with
three sets of
analyses.
The risk of dementia
was found to be
lower for participants
with high compared
with low cognitive
stimulation at work
High
Yiannopoulou, K. G. and
Papageorgiou, S. G., 2020.
Current and future
treatments in Alzheimer
disease: an update. Journal
of central nervous system
disease, 12.
p.1179573520907397.
Review A monotherapy
trial with MB on mild
and moderate AD
(NCT00515333) has
demonstrated some
clinical benefit in
moderate, but not
mild
AD.
High
Study purposes
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term:
the SCI-Dem realist review, 2022.
The purpose of this investigation was the impact of various factors in promoting to
hindering community based approach sustainability in long-term. The purpose was followed
clearly and consistently.
Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019.
The aim of this article is to cover various occupation therapy practices used for
dementia treatment. This article accomplishes its purpose throughout.
Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three
analyses of population cohort studies, 2021.
This research conducts long-term cohort studies to examine the association between
cognitively stimulating work and subsequent risk of dementia, controlling for established
dementia risk factors and job strain. The adoption of purpose was clear and consistent.
Yiannopoulou, K. G. and Papageorgiou, S. G., 2020. Current and future treatments in
Alzheimer disease: an update. Journal of central nervous system disease, 12.
p.1179573520907397.
Reviewing the current and future treatment of Alzhimers disease was purpose of the
investigation with clarity.
Overall methodologies used
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term:
the SCI-Dem realist review, 2022.
Qualitaive, quantitative and mixed research methods were used and described clearly to
gain best results.
Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019.

Secondary sources were used along with qualitative investigation without clear description.
Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three
analyses of population cohort studies, 2021.
Multicohort study with three sets of analyses was the selected and clearly described in the
paper. This was appropriate to gain relevant conclusion and determine accurate level of risk.
Yiannopoulou, K. G. and Papageorgiou, S. G., 2020. Current and future treatments in
Alzheimer disease: an update. Journal of central nervous system disease, 12.
p.1179573520907397.
Qualitative methodology was used for completing this investigation without clear
description.
Data collection methods
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term:
the SCI-Dem realist review, 2022.
It is important to clearly state data collection processes so that reliability and
authenticity of the research can be determined. Data were gathered and synthesised, with a
realist logic of analysis in this investigation which was justified to conduct to gain long-term
answers.
Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019.
In this case secondary data was collected from various sources and professional
knowledge of the author which is suitable for online article.
Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three
analyses of population cohort studies, 2021.
Data collection is important because it provides the research more credibility. In case
of this paper data was collected through primary research with participation of 15,917
individuals.
Yiannopoulou, K. G. and Papageorgiou, S. G., 2020. Current and future treatments in
Alzheimer disease: an update. Journal of central nervous system disease, 12.
p.1179573520907397.
In this case the appropriate data collection method was reviewing various secondary
sources.
Data analysis methods
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term:
the SCI-Dem realist review, 2022.
The data analysis method here is usage of NVivo qualitative data analysis software.
This is suitable method because technological qualitative analysis helps examine the large
amount of adopt gathered to understand long-term impact of community based intervention
on dementia patients.
Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019.
The data analysis technique used in this article is thematic analysis.

Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three
analyses of population cohort studies, 2021.
Statitical analysis was used for a data analysis here which is clearly described and
suitable for Multicohort study with three sets of analyses.
Yiannopoulou, K. G. and Papageorgiou, S. G., 2020. Current and future treatments in
Alzheimer disease: an update. Journal of central nervous system disease, 12.
p.1179573520907397.
Here thematic analysis is used which is suitable for reviewing secondary sources in
an investigation.
Outcomes / findings
Each paper clearly identifies research outcome which is able to answer the questions
stated in the research.
Ethical issues
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term:
the SCI-Dem realist review, 2022.
Ethical considerations and principles are included in the investigation.
Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019.
The online article does not include noted ethical consideration because views of
healthcare professional and data from secondary sources is stated in the article.
Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three
analyses of population cohort studies, 2021.
Ethical issues and statements for approval are included in this paper.
Yiannopoulou, K. G. and Papageorgiou, S. G., 2020. Current and future treatments in
Alzheimer disease: an update. Journal of central nervous system disease, 12.
p.1179573520907397.
Ethical issue such as declaration of conflicting interest is included in this paper
(Yiannopoulou and Papageorgiou, 2020).
Rigour of the research
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term:
the SCI-Dem realist review, 2022.
This is credible research because it utilizes wide variety of research
methodologies including quantities and qualitative.
Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019.
This is reliable online article because of credibility of the author.
Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three
analyses of population cohort studies, 2021.

This is highly reliable research because it conducts rigorous qualitative research
analysis on the basis from data gained from there population.
Yiannopoulou, K. G. and Papageorgiou, S. G., 2020. Current and future treatments in
Alzheimer disease: an update. Journal of central nervous system disease, 12.
p.1179573520907397.
This is reliable research paper because it uses extensive resources to complete the
investigation which are citied accurately.
Conclusions
The conclusion provided by the investigations are relevant to the investigation because they
focus on treatment of dementia. In particular community occupation interventions for the
treatment of dementia and its effectiveness is also looked at in the papers. This data can be
used to identify effectiveness of community occupation interventions for improving ADL.
Summary of the quality of the research
The quality of the research is good as this provides various effective evidence which is
ethical, robust, stands up for scrutiny as well as may be utilised for informing the policy
making. This might be adhering towards principles of professionalism, accountability,
transparency. Additionally, this papers influences evidence based activities related to are
community occupational interventions effective in improving ADLs for people with dementia.
In addition to this, the particular research facilitates the quality information about the OT
frameworks or techniques.

References
Books and Journals
Yiannopoulou, K.G. and Papageorgiou, S.G., 2020. Current and future treatments in
Alzheimer disease: an update. Journal of central nervous system disease, 12,
p.1179573520907397.
Ma and et. al., 2022. Dementia and the risk of periodontitis: a population-based cohort study.
Journal of dental research, 101(3), pp.270-277.
Online
Sustaining community-based interventions for people affected by dementia long term: the
SCI-Dem realist review, 2022. [Online] Available through
<https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/7/e047789>
Occupational therapy for dementia, 2019. [Online] Available through
<https://myhometouch.com/articles/occupational-therapy-for-dementia#:~:text=An
%20occupational%20therapist%20will%20work,clocks%20or%20by%20labelling%20doors.>
Cognitive stimulation in the workplace, plasma proteins, and risk of dementia: three analyses
of population cohort studies, 2021. [Online] Available through
<https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n1804>