Community Profile: Demographic, Epidemiological and Geographical Sources of Health Requirements in Bradford

This report highlights impacts of cultural, behavioural and social factors on health and well-being in Bradford. It provides demographic, epidemiological and geographical sources of health requirements in Bradford. It also includes future recommendations with the help of global policies to prevent factors affecting health in the population of Bradford.

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Programme:FOUNDATION DEGREE NURSING ASSOCIATE
APPRENTICESHIP PROGRAMME/INDEPENDENT ROUTE
Module Title: WIDER APPROACHES TO PROMOTING
HEALTH AND PREVENTING ILL HEALTH
Module Tutor:
Essay Title:COMMUNITY PROFILE
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Date:04/08/2021
Word Count2500
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 Abstract:
The profiling of the neighbourhood is an essential tool for improving health of
professionals. This report highlighted impacts of cultural, behavioural and social factors on
health and well-being. This report highlighted the recommendations and all relevant causing
factors that affect health and well-being of the population in Bradford. Then, some relevant
demographic and epidemiological data were provided to analyse the condition of particular
diseases in Bradford's different ethical and vulnerable groups. In addition, future
recommendations with the help of global policies were given to prevent the factors
affecting the health in the population of Bradford.
 INTRODUCTION
Social factors or participation in social activities play a vital role in improving health
of population. Behavioural factors of neighbourhood or community with the energetic
participation in social activities help them out in addressing health issues that occur
(Bradford et al., 2012). The neighbourhood chosen for this report is Bradford, situated in the
eastern moorland area of the South Pennines (Bradford et al., 2012). This report's main
objective is to highlight Bradford's demographic, epidemiological and geographical sources
within their health requirements.
Bradford is known for its attractive museum and industrial neighbourhoods, which
comprises older homes in the area of the community (Simpson et al., 2014). However, the
rate of life expectancy of men is decreased as compared to the females who live in deprived
areas of Bradford (Simpson et al., 2014). Bradford is the fifth metropolitan region in the
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U.K., with a population of half a million individuals. The Department of Health (DoH) in
London published the epidemiological statistics of the population in Bradford about chronic
health issues. This data shows that mental health issues affect 155,000 people in Bad ford
district and 6,200 people are being in need of specialist in mental health issues (Kirby, N.,
Wright, B. and Allgar, V., 2020). The health analysis of the Bradford accommodate
various global policies and principle to prevent the disease like obesity and Tuberculosis
Historical Background:
Bradford was known as broad ford and in the 19th century and it was a small town
market with 16,00 individuals; it was approximated that the Bradford accommodates two-
thirds of the England wool consumption. The industrial revolution of Bradford has led to the
expansion of the city (Bradsby et al., 2019). However, in recent years, the city's textiles have
been declined, the local finance has been enlarged, and the neighbourhood boasts
extraordinary printing and packaging, banking, chemical and economic industries. The
population of Bradford in 1841 was 34,600, which has now lately increased to 116,800 by
2021 (Bradsby et al., 2019). In the year of 1801 this region was a rural market town with
approximate 6,393 people. The textile industry required many workers resulting in high
immigration to the area and now Bradford is a diverse multicultural town; that is why the
mental health of people, living in Bradford is poor, and they feel frustrated all the time
(Russell et al., 2018). Due to the enormous multi-cultural history of Bradford, the U.K. Did
not consider causing factors of mental health of this city and it increased health problems
among people. There was requirement of maintaining stability and improving health of
people in order to improve economic condition.
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Figure 1: Map of the Bradford Demographics:
The main aim of demography is to evaluate the growth trend in population and its
distribution, also demonstrating the future changes in the region's population. This can help
out in knowing impacts of demographic factors in poor mental health of people (Henninger
et al., 2018). The demography of Bradford showed that it is the fifth local dominion in
England associated with size in population after Birmingham and Manchester. It was
approximated in 2019 that 540,776 individuals were residing in the district of Bradford; this
showed an increase of about 3.2% and closely 16,701 individual's since the 2011 census
(Bradford District, 2020). The group of younger individuals controls a considerable ratio of
Bradford's population. Bradford has a high ratio of babies and younger people aged under
15-17 years compared to than the average of England, which is about 19.2% compared to
the average of 15.5% of England while the number of babies and young people aged under
16 years in Bradford district has been increasing over 103, 588 in 2019 compared the
average of England people (Bradford District, 2020). The estimated population of females in
Bradford in 2019 was about 273,497.
The population of men was about 266,280; even with the national average, the ratio of men
and women in Bradford remains the same. The females were accounted for 50.7% in 2019
compared to the men living in Bradford, accounted for 49.3% (Darlow et al., 2015). As
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per the recent published report on the expectancy of life for men and women in the
Bradford district, it is found that the life expectancy at birth for women is higher at 81.9
years than for men at 78 years (Council, 2021). The incidence rate of diabetes, according to
the 2017 report in Bradford, compared to the average of England is 8.7% in 65 years aged
people and under 17 years young individuals higher than the average of England about 6.8%
(Council, 2021). Similarly, the alcohol abuse in men within the district is about 727 per 100
00 population compared to the 636 per 100,000 for England (Darlow et al., 2015). According
to 2015-2017 studies, the mortality rate for heart disease in individuals aged 75years in
Bradford district was estimated at 102.2 deaths per 100,00 population compared to the
England average of about 72.5 deaths per 100,00 population (Council, 2021).
The district of Bradford is ethnically diverse, having a vast population of different cultural
and race. The ethnicity may result from different aspects involving collective political
impact, race, religion and nationality. In addition, the ethical values may impact the well-
being care and approach to it at many levels acting through various factors such as service
uptake difference, interaction issues, culture and attitudes and difference in disease
incidence (Jamal et al., 2019). According to the 2019 report, the white ethical group in
Bradford comprises 67.4%, the mixed group was estimated at 2.5%, Black British ethical
group was estimated at 1.8%, and Asian British was approximated about 26.8% compared to
1 under ten people on the average for England (Jamal et al., 2019).
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Figure 2: Total population of Bradford (Bradford District, 2020)
Housing:
Housing and communal economic status are important determinants of well-being. The
district of Bradford has 214,903 homes and 207,460 households in November 2016
(Bradford, 2017). The majority of the area in Bradford is occupied by their owner, with 65% of
old aged people falling into this category according to the census in 2011. The people aged
over 65 years rented about 30,000 properties from administered social housing providers,
constitute about 15% of the total housing ratio, decreasing compared to the average for
England (Duvendack et al., 2012). The unfortunate impact of living in unhealthy homes can
significantly influence the physical well-being of the people aged more than 65 years in
Bradford. When people of 50 and above age live in improper and poor houses then it may
increase falling from stairs, slips. When people fall and slips at this age then it takes too
much of time in healing and they have to stay at hospitals for the long run.
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It increases their risk of f the duration of their hospital stay and life expectancy (Duvendack
et al., 2012). Furthermore, due to the communal financial status of the people living in
Bradford, it is deprived particularly of children and aged people, which makes them
deprived to treat their diseases, for instance, Tuberculosis.
Economy:
Employment is the primary factor of well-being as a whole work is better for physical well-
being, while unemployment is not suitable for physical and mental well-being. According to
the 2019 report, the employment rate was estimated at 68.1%, and unemployment was
about 6.2% in Bradford (Bradford County Council 2019). This rate is lower than the national
and average of England. These statistics showed that various groups in this community in
Bradford are financially unstable, which involves disabled individuals, retired people, and
long-term sick individuals who lack employment and thus influence the well-being
inequalities arising in Bradford (Bradford County Council 2019). Employment rate in
Bradford is associated with an increased risk for mobility, including Tuberculosis, suicide and
diabetes. The financial status can help improve the extent to which an individual can invest
in services that will improve the well-being of the people of Bradford. In Bradford's district,
individuals aged 16-64 are in employment, giving the employment ratio of 68.1% and
increasing working claimants of 9.7% since last year, which is lower than the average for
England, i.e. 77.6%. However, the information observed that 32,600 individuals claimed
unemployment benefits in April (Nomis, 2021). Previous studies showed an increase of
about 25.9 % of individuals aged sixty claimants of pension compared to the average of
14.1% for England (Nomis, 2021). The long-term sick people in Bradford are 16.7 % lower
than the average for England, i.e. 23.6 %.
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Nutrition:
The nutritional/dietary status in Bradford involves unhealthy eating through which the
individuals causes dangerous diseases, for instance, diabetes, obesity and other treatable
diseases (South et al., 2016). The vast majority of young people aged 20 years consume an
increased rate of saturated sugar, which cause an increased incidence of obesity in the
district compared to west Yorkshire in England (South et al.,2016). Bradford has shown that
rateable with 40% of local aged residents have a decreased rate of healthy eating habits in
adults than national average (Council,2012).There are cooking and eat organizations in a
variation of community venues across Bradford. These programmes run for over an hour in
three weeks in Bradford for improving the status of well-being in individuals within
Bradford. The national survey carried out by the national statistics has found that 96% of
children do not usually eat fruits and vegetables (Bush and et.al., 2020).To overcome the
rate of unhealthy eating the Bradford has addressed various health eating by adding
supplements in the diet and taking more fluids in the diet. The Bradford community has
developed various environment programmes to address the healthy eating issue in the year
2011 within the district (Bradford City Council, 2012).
Transport:
The Bradford has a vast network of buses and trains which usually run from 5:00 AM -11 PM
depending on the area since people who are disabled and aged between 50- 75 in Bradford
are allowed to travel with another person who will have a similar concession (Bagchi et al.,
2015).In Bradford, the disabled or aged individuals are given the permit to travel via bus.
The use of bus has increased the ratio in the individuals with a disability or between 40- 75
within England. The NHS provides two well-being trust commissions in Bradford, which are
associated with the patients' clinical safety, which does not help the aged patients
compared to the other areas of England (Bradford.gov.uk. 2016). The statistics of non –car
owners in Bradford are accounted as 39.3%, which is higher than the average of England, i.e.
29.4% (Bradford.gov.uk. 2016). Due to a decrease in unemployment in Bradford, the people
aged over 50 years are unable to travel in public transport, which affects their physical well-
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being, so they cannot tolerate their disease. Due to air and noise pollution in the public
buses in Bradford, as they cannot afford car ownership (Bagchi et al., 2015).
Facilities and Resources:
The small settlements, this could also keep the public houses, and office which could play
the crucial role in commercial and that contributed of these settlements (Webster et al.,
2021). However, in current years, a variation in demography, communal and economic
factors are associated with decreased Bradford facilities. There are three best leisure
centres in the U.K. located in Carlisle road in Bradford, Cleckheaton road and leaven Thorpe
road within Bradford area. One of these facilities provide sports and physical well-being to
the individuals of Bradford. In contrast, another facility provides gaming facilities to people
under 17 years of age in Bradford to maintain their fitness, and the third facility provides
machines operating for cardiovascular diseases. Other monitoring equipment is in aged
people of Bradford equip with the best possible treatments (Webster et al., 2021). There are
also various N.H.S. foundation trusts well being centred within the Bradford boundary
district, which provides well-being care services where they can readily travel through the
buses or train within the Bradford.
Epidemiology:
The profile of the well-being of individuals in Bradford is continuously changing compared
with the average in England. Bradford is considered as the 20% most underprivileged area in
England. In the sixth year, about 24.4% of children were identified as obese than the
average in England. Similarly, the incidence level of smoking in aged people over 40 years is
increasing than in England (Chapman et al., 2016). The ratio of tuberculosis cases in
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Bradford within aged people is estimated at 29.9%, which is exacerbating compared to the
average of England (Chapman et al., 2016). The prevalence of these diseases globally is
sufficiently high compared with Bradford as the Tuberculosis is estimated at 90% of the
individuals.
In contrast, the ratio of smoking and obesity also seems high in the global epidemiological
statistics of well-being by comparing it with Bradford. The well-being inequalities in Bradford
showed that the life expiry ratio in male is about 9.1 years. In contrast, in women, it is about
8.0 years low in the most underprivileged regions in Bradford (Vos et al., 2016).
Well-being Observation:
The assessment of the diseases mentioned in this report, such as obesity, Tuberculosis and a
high rate of smoking individuals, has an increased rate of impact on the vulnerable
community in Bradford as they are mostly affected by these diseases. Smoking has been
recognized as one of the significant causes of illness and deaths in vulnerable groups of the
Bradford compared with the average of England (Vos et al., 2016). It is specifically important
in the literature for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and asthma as about 6%
of aged 15 years smoke in Bradford. In addition, about 10.5% of women smoke in their
pregnancy in Bradford, which is more significant than the average in England (Feigin et al.,
2015). To meet their well-being requirements, Bradford is working with public sectors and
private communities that provide some global policies to fulfil their well-being requirements
as the area's population has been expanded over the last year. These policies help the
district provide a high rate of production and manufacturing foods that meet their food
requirement, specifically in the deprived areas of Bradford (Feigin et al., 2015).
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Conclusion
The report has concluded that there is an enormous diversion in the incidence of diseases in
Bradford. The public sectors and private sectors in Bradford should work alongside to meet
the district's requirement. The use of Tobacco which causes COPD, and the incidence rate of
Tuberculosis in Bradford showed that the interventions of overcoming these factors should
be highlighted in the area with the help of providing rehabilitation centres and affordable
medications for aged people. The causes of health inequalities have a significant impact on
the ethical group of Bradford, which will be overcome by better communication strategies
between different race individuals within the area.
Recommendations
The recommendations for better future well-being activity in Bradford are that the people
should drink more fluids and fruits, and the Government should provide facilities to afford
them. There should be more interventions for dealing with diabetes and Tuberculosis in the
district that should provide them with better facilities. The travel of aged people with cancer
like diseases should be treated for no charge as the employment rate in these individuals is
low in Bradford. The other recommendations for this report should be that housing facilities
should be provided to the aged people of the district by the Government to overcome their
income ratio.
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APPENDIX
According to the 2019 report, the employment rate was estimated at 68.1%, and
unemployment was about 6.2% in Bradford. The financial status can help improve the
extent to which an individual can invest in services that will improve the well-being of the
people of Bradford. In Bradford's district, individuals aged 16-64 are in employment, giving
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the employment ratio of 68.1% and increasing working claimants of 9.7% since last year,
which is lower than the average for England, i.e. 77.6%. However, the information observed
that 32,600 individuals claimed unemployment benefits in April.
In the sixth year, about 24.4% of children were identified as obese than the average in
England. Similarly, the incidence level of smoking in aged people over 40 years is increasing
than in England. The ratio of tuberculosis cases in Bradford within aged people is estimated
at 29.9%, which is exacerbating compared to the average of England.
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