Comparison of Fluid Deficit and Fluid Overload

Comparison of Fluid Deficit and Fluid Overload
Fluid Deficit Fluid Overload
Definition  Decrease in the
intravascular,
intracellular,
interstitial fluid
content.
 Leads to
dehydration or
hypovolemia when
there is loss of fluid
from the body.
 Fluid excess at the
intravascular,
intracellular,
interstitial levels.
 Leads to
hypervolemia when
there is an
increased amount of
fluid in blood.
Causes/Risk Factors Causes/ risk factors:
1. Abnormal gastro
intestinal losses via
vomiting, nasogastric
suctioning and diarrhea
2. Hemorrhage
3. Diaphoresis leading to
abnormal skin loss.
4. Polyuria, osmotic dieresis,
adrenal insufficiency,
diuretic use leading to
abnormal renal losses.
5. Excess sweating and
hyperventilation
6. Shift in third spacing by
peritonitis, burns, intestinal
obstruction.
7. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Causes/ risk factors:
1. Renal failure
2. Cardiac failure
3. Cirrhosis of liver
4. Premenstrual edema
5. Nephritic syndrome
6. Pregnancy
7. Excessive sodium
intake
8. Excessive isotonic or
hypotonic IV fluids
9. Cushing Syndrome
10. Polydipsia.
Clinical
Manifestations
(including
laboratory data)
Clinical manifestations
would include dizziness,
fatigue, weakness, thirst,
dry mouth, oliguria,
syncope confusion,
hyperthermia,
hypotension, hypoxia,
tachycardia, and
hyperthermia.
Laboratory diagnostics:
1. Electrolyte tests: blood
samples should be
screened for electrolyte
levels such as sodium and
potassium.
Clinical manifestations
would include pulmonary
edema, cardiac failure,
muscle weakness,
confusion, dsypnea,
hypothermia, distended
neck veins.
Laboratory diagnostics:
1. Chest X-ray
2. Arterial blood gases
and oxygen saturation.
3. Electrolyte
concentration
Evaluation of clinical data: