Antenna Design for UWB Noise Communication and Radar Systems

COMPETENCY
DEMONSTRATION REPORT
Career Episode 2
NAME

CE 1.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Antenna Designing for UWB Noise Communication and Radar
Systems
Location of the project: [PLEASE FILL]
Project Duration: [PLEASE FILL]
Organization: [PLEASE FILL]
Role and Designation during the time: Team Leader
CE 1.2 Project Background
CE 1.2.1 Characteristics of the project
The UWB (Ultra-Wideband) systems covers range of frequency between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz
that is based on narrow pulses in manner to transmit data through consuming low power. There
are many advantages of UWB technology over the conventional communications systems. I have
used this technology as it can emit the timed ‘pulses’ of the electromagnetic energy and thus
keep the project least complex through using simple hardware for the signal transmission in
manner to keep the system portable. I have implemented this system because of the excellent
performance for the UWB low frequency that ranges to 5.1 GHz from 3.1 GHz. I have kept the
project very simple in an efficient and effective manner.

CE 1.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
Many researches had invested their valuable time in researching about the derivation of
an antenna that is much efficient and effective even after having small size. I had followed their
footsteps and mixing the researches made by many researchers I had set the following objectives
for the delivery of the project:
 To develop a design that is smaller in size
 To present an efficient and effective UWB antenna should have better electrical
performance
 To have better radiation performance over the wide band
 To present a model of the antenna that is cheaper ion cost
 To deliver a collaborative work for the successful delivery of the project
CE 1.2.3 My area of work
I had found many research papers and compared them with my academic learning and dig
out the formula for the antenna gain. I was able to present a design that is small and with proper
calculation the efficiency of the signal transmission will not be altered. I was successful in
delivering this design through constructing a gradual transition between the free space and the
metal surfaces of the antenna. I had used the factors such as shape of the antenna, suf=rface
reactance or surface resistance in manner to manipulate the size and enhance the performance
without affecting the efficiency.

CE 1.2.4 Project Group
CE 1.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I was leading the team under the assistance of the assistant professor and it was my
responsibility to manage the whole project. I had subdivided the whole work in different parts
and assigned everyone different sectors of the project. I had assigned myself to purchase the
components and make calculations related the antenna size, gain and bandwidth. I hade
researched about the antennas and decided to keep the size of antenna small in manner to make
the project portable. I had used the fundamental theory of calculating the size of Antenna that is
wavelength/2pi considering the factors that the efficient should not be affected. I had used the
omni-directional antenna in manner to allow the wavelength to be coupled with objects within
the found value obtained by this formula.

CE 1.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 1.3.1 Comprehending the theory of the project
I have developed the system for the UWB antenna design for the UWB radar using the
implementation of CMOS technology within the system. The design presented earlier had certain
challenges such as large size, costly, and others that have been eliminated in this model. I have
situated the antenna in the form of two exponentially tapered arms lying opposite sides of the
substrate. This antenna will be operating from 2.7 GHz to the upper limit of 12 GHz. I have kept
the design in manner that the negligible distortion of the pulses will be experienced that is the
reason I am using it with the UWB radar. I have kept the design of the antenna efficient in
manner for ranging both the one and two-dimensional tracking and I had implemented the
Novelda R2A UWB radar chip.
CE 1.3.2 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
I have implemented my theory knowledge in this practical project the required gain had
been decided by linking the budget taking into account the quality of the channel required. I had
tried to keep the EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) constant as much possible,
approximately equals to the regulatory limit using the formula ‘EIRP ( f ) PTX ( f )GTX ( f )’
where ‘GTX(f)’ is the transmitting antenna gain and the ‘PTX(f)’ is the transmitting antenna
power.
CE 1.3.3 Accomplishment and task performed
I had delivered the design of the antenna that is capable of offering excellent performance
for lower-band frequency of the UWB system between the range of 3.1 GHz and 5.1 GHz. The
fixed positions of the antenna were able to exchange the signals with same efficiency as that of

the bigger antenna were delivering. I had achieved the maximum antenna gain through using the
calculation stated in the above formula. I was successful in managing the team without any
conflicts and the project was delivered within the expected time. I had kept the hardware and
software implementation very simple for the project and ensured that the project will be
delivered with least complexities.
CE 1.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
1.3.4.1 Issues
I had identified that ‘Antenna Gain Response’ increment was the issue after decreasing
the size of the antenna. For the extracting the exact information transmitted through the signal, I
had to make sure that the strength of the signal does not get decreased and group delay is kept at
the minimum. Group delay was calculated through the formula ‘Group delay = - d Z TZ d’
1.3.4.2 Solutions
I had applied my engineering knowledge and reduced the internal reflections of the
antenna at its discontinuities and thus, the antenna was made a wideband eliminating the problem
of limitations of the bandwidth. I had achieved this through the construction of a gradual
transition between the free space and the metal surface of the antenna.
CE 1.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
Antennas for the UWB radars are generally larger; I had developed the design of the
antenna that is compact in design and capable of delivering the same operational activity without
affecting the efficiency. Bandwidth, antenna gain, group delay, and limiting frequency of the
wavelengths were restored at the same value even after small size of the antenna.

CE 1.3.6 Collaborative work
I was leading the team under the assistance of the assistant professor and with other three
members for the successful delivery of the project. Every individual in the project was assigned
different sector of the work and everyone was playing his or her role with complete
responsibility. I was focused towards achieving the goals, achievements set for the project, and I
had tried to manage the team with proper communication and led the project without any
conflict. Shopping for the components and calculation of the factors were the most crucial aspect
of the project, which I had personally accomplished and evaluated by the assistant professor.
Assistant professor was always there to provide guidance on the issues and bugs that we were
facing while delivering the project.
CE 1.4 Project Review
CE 1.4.1 Project Overview
The UWB (Ultra-Wideband) systems covers range of frequency between 3.1 to 10.6 GHz
that is based on narrow pulses in manner to transmit data through consuming low power. There
are many advantages of UWB technology over the conventional communications systems. I have
used this technology as it can emit the timed ‘pulses’ of the electromagnetic energy and thus
keep the project least complex through using simple hardware for the signal transmission in
manner to keep the system portable. I have implemented this system because of the excellent
performance for the UWB low frequency that ranges to 5.1 GHz from 3.1 GHz. I have kept the
project very simple in an efficient and effective manner.

CE 1.4.2 My contribution to work
I was leading the team and I had tried to manage the team without any conflicts and
disagreement through presenting the real facts those needed to be considered in the project. I had
done the findings related to the calculations those were the crucial factor for the success of this
project. I had tried to keep the project simple as much possible and invested the minimum
amount of money in manner to eliminate the cost factor. I had derived the dimension of the
antenna and tried to manipulate the bandwidth as per the need of the project. I managed the
purchasing of every component needed in the project. I had calculated the antenna size in
relation with the bandwidth and antenna gain. It was a collaborative work and with the help of
my team members I was able to deliver an antenna for the UWB radar that is compact in size and
much efficient than earlier antennas.