Digital Healthcare Technology and Research Methods

This assignment focuses on digital health technologies and research methodologies in the context of healthcare. It provides an overview of various studies and publications related to telemedicine, electronic health records, wearable technology, and more. The assignment includes a list of references from reputable sources, offering insights into the potential and challenges of digital health technologies in healthcare provision and medical education.

Complete Dissertation

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Background of the research.........................................................................................................1
Aim and objectives......................................................................................................................1
Research questions......................................................................................................................2
Research methodology................................................................................................................2
Rationale.....................................................................................................................................3
Significance.................................................................................................................................3
Dissertation structure..................................................................................................................4
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................5
Introduction.................................................................................................................................5
Concept of digital technology....................................................................................................5
The impact of advanced equipment's in healthcare industries....................................................7
Challenges faced by healthcare industry in digital transformation.............................................9
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................................................11
Introduction...............................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 3- RESULT AND DISCUSSION...............................................................................16
CHAPTER 4- CONCLUSION......................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 5- RECOMMENDATIONS.......................................................................................28
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................30

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Digital technology is one of the most effective tool in today's world and also used in
various sectors. It is providing significant benefits to health care services that it has transformed
the traditional life into modern life. For the present research, Care, UK business is chosen which
a small health unit is in the health care sector within UK. Digital technology is helping health
care organisations to make their performance and work more effective (Hanelt and et.al., 2015).
The report will discuss about importance and effectiveness of digitalisation in order to solve
many issues faced by businesses. Moreover, health and care organisation is required to use
effective tools and techniques in terms of digital technology to provide quality services to
customers effectively (Importance of digital technology in healthcare, 2017). The area of interest
in dissertation is health care industry. Digital technology is very vast topic in which Internet of
things is the most advance and innovative technology that is helping to healthcare organisation.
The internet of things has a myriad of applications in healthcare that benefit patients, families
and physicians alike. Some hospitals are using the internet of things in healthcare to keep the
tiniest patients safe and healthy, while others are using the technology to keep track of inventory.
Further, the report will discuss method of collecting information for the investigation. In these
regards, aim and objectives will be made to demonstrate the feasibility and relevancy of research
project.
Background of the research
Internet of Things helps to create new values within firm in terms of internal capabilities,
consumer experience and effective process in order to support business operational activities to
produce quality services. In addition to this, digital healthcare is similar to telemedicine that
utilises technologies and techniques in order to provide sports, fitness, and wellness solutions
that helps to empower patients. IOT has numerous applications in healthcare, from remote
monitoring to smart sensors and medical device integration. Further, the discipline specifically
refers to the use of information and communication technologies to help address the health
problems and challenges faced by patients in order to solve them effectively (Grishikashvili,
Dibb and Meadows, 2014). The research will provide importance of digitalisation in health care
setting in enhancing the quality of care.
So it is required by Care, UK to make effective use of digital technology in order to
deliver high and quality services to their clients. This also helps to manage resources by reducing
1

the cost of operations that provide significant benefits in services. The current dissertation is
based on impact of digitalisation on Care UK in increasing the quality of care in services.
Aim and objectives
Aim:
The main aim of this dissertation is to determine importance and effectiveness of
digitalisation in today's world within health care setting in order to provide quality products and
services to consumers effectively.
“Aim: “To determine the impact of Internet of Things (IOT) in enhancing the quality of
care in Health Care: A case study on Care UK”.
Objectives:
Objective 1: To understand the concept of Internet of Things (IOT)
Objective 2: To determine impact of Internet of Things (IOT) in enhancing the quality of care in
Health Care:
Objective 3: To identify the challenges in implementing IOT within healthcare organization.
Objectives 4: To recommend healthcare organisation to use IOT.
Research questions
 What the concept of Internet of Things (IOT)?
 What are the impact of Internet of Things (IOT) in enhancing the quality of care in
Health Care?
 What are challenges in implementing IOT within healthcare organization.
Research methodology
Research is logical as well as systematic search for new and useful information on a specific
topic. Research methodology is the part of research as it is organized as well as theoretical
analysis of the methods that are applied in the study.
Research type: Qualitative and quantitative are two different methods in research in
which explanatoryand conclusive are two types of methods available for researcher to conduct
the final answer and to explore the objectives of investigation (Dickerson and et.al., 2018). For
the present case study, explanatorytype will be used for research.
2

Research approach: Deductive and inductive and abductive are three approaches
available for investigation to achieve the aim of research effectively. In this case, inductive
approach will be used by researcher.
Research philosophy: Philosophy provides detailed analysis about the research topic.
Positivism, interpretivism, realism and pragmatism are four types of philosophies in which
positivism will be used by investigator to conduct the research.
Research design: Design of investigation helps to deliver general answers regarding
research questions. Descriptive, analytical, experimental and correlation are available for
investigation in which descriptive will be used (McGregor and et.al., 2018).
Sampling- Probability and non-probability are usually two methods of sampling which
contestant have chance to take part in the research process to provide their contribution. Simple
random sampling will be used as it eliminates the happening of bias research outcomes and
researcher will collect data form 20 employees of Care UK company.
Data collection: It is important part of research in which primary and secondary data
collection method are available for investigator to gather information about topic. Researcher
will use secondary data collection method for this case study instead of primary data.
Data Analysis- Data Analysis is also one of the most significant part of the research
study. In this present research, researcher has used to qualitative method in which thematic
analysis has done.
Validity and Reliability: It is one of the crucial part of research in which the investigator
will determine validity and reliability of research to generate positive and valid results
effectively (O'Brien and Saldanha, 2014). It is important to have a valid and reliable research to
generate reliable and valid results.
Rationale
The topic which is chosen i.e. Internet of Things. is very helpful for people working in
health care. The importance and effectiveness of digitalisation in today's world within health care
setting in order to provide quality products and services to consumers effectively will be
understand in this dissertation. This topic is also very important as it introduces Electric Health
Care Record (EHRs) and Internet of Things which replaces paper record for many allied
healthcare professionals and remote monitoring of patients health. This topic will also assist in
improving the public health by introducing various technologies like EHR. Addition to this,
3

digital technology will help in better and safer storage of data as well as it improved access to big
data.
Significance
The topic of research, (To determine importance and effectiveness of digitalisation in
today's world within health care setting in order to provide quality products and services to
consumers effectively) be taken is very helpful for all the people who are attached towards the
healthcare. The research conducted on Internet of things not only helpful for Care UK, but it is
very useful for entire healthcare industry. Addition to this, this investigation will also very
fruitful for students who are persuading PHD in medical, they will also use these data and
information in there study. On the other hand, this research topic is also helpful for professional
researchers.
Dissertation structure
Chapter 1: Introduction- This is the very first part of dissertation in which an explanation
about the what is going to be find out related to the research topic is described in thesis. The
section involves, background of the study, aim, objectives, questions and other procedures
including research methodology short review is discussed.
Chapter 2: Literature Review- Narrative review is a critical part of research in which different
theories, models and information is analysed and discussed associated with the topic. In this
section, answers are provided for questions made in the above introduction part. Information
presented here is based on views of different scholars and authors.
Chapter 3: Research methodology- Research methodology is a vast topic that helps to discuss
investigation in great details. This section is very important for the research in order to determine
the impact of technology on health care in which valid and reliable data is used.
Chapter 4: Results and discussions- This section analyses information presented in the
literature review part in order to find results to explain them in detailed manner. It helps to make
a link between research aim and objectives in which data is analysed using relevant methods and
techniques.
Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations- This is the last chapter where valid
recommendations, conclusion and summary about the topic and research is provided. In addition
to this, this section, summarize the study which denotes effectiveness of entire study and
information collected.
4

Conclusion
The introduction section includes all the major headings used in the investigation in order
to evaluate and find out key results effectively. This section concludes a brief summary about
methods, strategies, background and structure of the investigation. This helps to have an idea
about overall research structure to generate positive outcomes.
5

CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
Literature review is a kind of article review. It is scholarly paper that includes the current
knowledge including substantive findings and theoretical and methodological contributions to a
specific topic. It is a report of evaluating information that is found in literature that is related to
the area of selection. With the help of this theoretical knowledge, a base is created that help
researcher to analyse the nature of the research (Sultan, 2015). The main purpose of conducting
literature review is that it provides users easy to approach to research by choosing top quality of
articles, studies, books and journals. The key finding is also highlighted by researcher in
literature review. Thus, this literature review will have better understanding of this topic which is
selected to find out the key area of the research that aids in conducting further research
efficiently.
Concept of Internet of Things.
According to Topol, (2015), The internet of things has a countless of applications
in healthcare that benefit patients, families and physicians alike. Some hospitals are using
the internet of things in healthcare to keep the tiniest patients safe and healthy, while others are
using the technology to keep track of inventory. A shift from volume to value is known as
digitalisation. Digital is the word that is one of the oldest equipment for counting that comes
from Latin word, digits, and finger. Digital technology includes all types of electronic
equipment’s and applications that use information in the form of numeric code like Internet of
things. Information in this is usually in binary code. Binary code are those that are represented by
strings of only two numeric characters which are 0 and 1. IOT in healthcare is very important as
it turn the data into actions, it improves the health of patients, it promote preventive care, and it
also raise the level of satisfaction as well as engagement. Devices that process and use digital
information includes calculators, personal computers, auto mobiles, controllers, traffic lights,
cellular telephones, compact disc players, televisions sets and communication satellites. In
today's world, business is totally changing (Concept of Internet of Things, 2017). 88% of
business leaders has put digitalisation on top priority. No any other business can ever survive in
this world of competition if they ignore innovation and digitalisation in their functions and
operations. It is one of the most effectual instrument in today's world and also used in various
sectors. It is furnishing significant benefits to all the businesses, services that it has transformed
6

the life into modern life. Digital technology is not only important for health care, but it is very
essential for all the other industries and business because this is the world of digitalisation.
As per the Vigdor, Ladd and Martinez, (2014) technology has very essential impact on
the operations of business. It does not matter what is the size and scale of organisation, but it has
both tangible and intangible advantages in terms of profitability and productivity. Culture,
relationship and efficiency of the company is influenced by digital technology. Health care
industry seeking the edge of digitalisation have to transform the entire processes and system,
models of business and the customer experience by exploiting the permeating digital connection
between systems, people, places and things. There are so many ways where Internet of things is
helpful in many ways like they can utilize technologies in production, manufacturing,
improvement in customer care, transportation, management of human resource, communication
of business and it is used in developing other services and products. Advance technology is
helping organisations of all sectors to make their performance and work more effective. Digital
technology help companies to solve many issues faced by businesses. Addition to this,
organisation need to use effective tools and techniques in terms of Internet of things to provide
quality services to customers effectively. It is also fact that technology can not only helpful for
big companies but it makes capable of small businesses to compete with big organisations. It
increases the efficiency and decreases the human errors by developing process of automation.
Casey and et.al, (2018) stated that, transformation to digitalisation has changed the way a
person lives, play, communicate and work. Transformation encourage profitability, raise the
speed to market products as well as it leverages satisfaction of customer into loyalty. This is the
age of digital technology. Information technology is a key to get success in the market. It has
many advantages that companies are enjoying. Advanced technology make easy and effective
communication with stakeholder (customers, employees and share holders). In today's
environment it is very important to interact with stakeholders clearly and quickly. Companies are
now making company websites to make so that customers find easy to collect information about
the organisation and get answers of their questions. On the other hand, it also raises the
efficiency in the functions and operations of company. It also helps to create new values within
firm in terms of internal capabilities, consumer experience and effective process in order to
support business operational activities to produce quality services. Technology also helps
business to understand its cash flow needs and preserve valuable resources like time and physical
7

space. Technology for inventory management also let Health care industry to manage the cost of
storage and holding of products. Internet of things is helping many organisations to make their
performance and work more effective and efficient day by day.
According to Darwish, (2017) in terms of security and privacy, digital technology plays a
vital role. In order to defend financial information, confidential decision of executives and any
other important information that leads to competitive benefits to company. It also keeps their
innovation or ideas away from their rivalry organisation. With the help of technology like
CCTV cameras, motion sensor, they can have monitored regularly on their business operations.
There are many systems of security that is directly linked with digital technology which protect
Health care industry form theft and vandalism. It does not only furnish real time alerts but they
also render different tactics like alarms. Internet of things also assists monitoring of health of
patients in very effective way. With the help of advance technology, organisation can manage
and control a huge number of employees easily and effectively. There are applications like
punching machines, thump impressions, eye retina machines that help company to track the
employee's entry and exist time. Internet of things is reshaping the society and business in a
beautiful manner. In addition to this, employees of healthcare companies are the key stakeholder
as within them it is not possible to implement Internet Of Things within organisation. Addition
to this company's in healthcare also use these technologies which are very advance such as
ultrasound and MRI machines, CT and PET scanners, X-ray Machine. These machines also
identified the actual pain and disease and save the life of person.
The impact of advanced equipment's in healthcare industries.
According to Fricker and et.al., (2015) Healthcare system is the company, institutions and
resources that deliver healthcare services to populations needs. Digital technology plays a vital
role in growth and development of company. Millions of lives have saved because of continuous
improvement in digital technology. It also improved the quality of life as well. The impact of
digital technology is not limited up-to health of patients and families but it has huge impact on
processes of medical as well as practices of professional in healthcare (Electronic Health Record,
2017). Advancement in technology have allowed practitioners to healthier and good diagnose
and treat patient effectively. Among all the other industries, healthcare industries is the most
important industry. It has very big responsibility of saving as well as improving countless lives
all around the world. Innovation plays a vital role in the area of medical technology such as
8

biotechnology, pharmaceutical, development of medical tools and devices, information
technology and have all made important contributions in improving the health of people all over
the world. Moreover, the discipline specifically refers to the use of information and
communication technologies to help address the health problems and challenges faced by
patients in order to solve them effectively.
As per the Sawesi and et.al., (2016) Internet of things has countless contribution in
healthcare industry. Information technology has crucial effort across the world, especially in the
industry of medical. With the extreme use of EMR (Electronic Medical Records), mobile
technologies such as smart phones and tablets, services of telehealth, both patients and
physicians are getting advantages that these new medical technologies are emerging. Digital
technology has developed from launching of new tools for Doctors in order to use private
practices inside the healthcare organisation or hospitals in connecting patients as well as doctors
living thousands of miles away only with the help of communication. It is fact and very
uncommon that patients and doctors hold video conference rather than travelling in order to save
time and money. Addition to this, digital technology also makes easy and effective access to any
type of information they required with the use of advance instruments like mobile phones, local
extension at workplace. Patients record or any other information can move from one place to
another within in seconds by emails, text messages, fax etc. Among all the other industries,
healthcare industries are the most important industry. Technology helps in shaping the entire
structure of healthcare in effective manner.
Ford and et.al.,(2017) sated that, digital technology develops Internet of Things (IOT), as
it is very big network of physical devices, home-appliance, vehicles as well as many other items
that integrated with electronic, sensors, actuators, software and connectivity that enables these
things. This is incomparable innovation in healthcare sector. The use of IOT in healthcare has
aggressively raises. IOT has great contribution in bringing improvement in care. IOT is not an
uncommon thing, it is now on everyone's lips. The purpose of IOT is to connect doctors and
patients with the help of smart device without any restraint. However, it is fact that patients can
reach faster. With the help of this devise, patient can consult to doctors if any emergency is
required without making any extra efforts. Internet of things has two fundamental purpose, it
improves the management of disease which provides good experience to patients, secondly it
9

reduces the cost of healthcare, thus, it is affordable for a wider demographic. 87% of healthcare
companies will have adopted IOT technology by 2019.
According to Shore, (2015) Internet of Things(IOT) has several advantages like it gives
simultaneous monitoring and reporting, last to last connectivity as well as affordability,
assortment of data as well as its analysis. Alerts and tracking and remote medical assistance.
These are all advantages that IOT provides on healthcare. In real time monitoring through
connected device can save the lives in the case of medical emergency such as heart failure,
asthma attacks, diabetes, stroke etc. With the help of this device, information is transferred to
physicians by connecting to smart phones. It collects and transfers all the information of health
like oxygen, blood pressure, sugar level, ECG and weight. Cloud stored the information and it
can be shared to authorised person like doctor or physicians, health firms, insurance company or
any other external consultants. Addition to this, IOT can save vast amount of data or information
about health and send it to any other person without a short period of time. Addition to this,
digital technology allows healthcare companies to get animated analytics as well as data driven
insight that help in speed up in making decision and minimize the errors. Digital technology has
a positive and incredible impact on healthcare industry. Digital healthcare is similar to
telemedicine that utilises technologies and techniques in order to provide sports, fitness, and
wellness solutions that helps to empower patients.
Challenges faced by healthcare industry in digital transformation.
According to Weaver and et.al., 2016, The more understandable challenges to accepting
Internet of Things in healthcare are storage, handling as well as data securing. The lack of EHR
combination is one another barricade to overcome. The dependability and safety problems with
data along with interoperability as well as lack of training and infrastructure among providers
because even when records does flow easily, many providers lack the infrastructure and know-
how to access it. Internet of things raises many challenging question in respect to health. It has
been noticed that with the advantages as well as changing status, digital health leads to some
ethical consideration and challenger’s policy makers in an unexampled manner. It is very
challenging for caregivers to use digital technologies as innovation is very fast. Caregivers are
not able to understand all the features that comes in innovation. In healthcare there are several
machines and equipment’s that makes very challenging to use. Digital literacy is the major issues
that is faced by practitioners. They are not given proper training and knowledge before using the
10

digital techniques. It is fact that there is very fast and rapid uptakes in technologies in healthcare
industries as compared to other sectors. Across all the other industries, the pace of disruption in
digital technology is rising very fast. The rate of transformation is very fast and the rate of
adoption is slow which directly affects the success of healthcare organisation. The tools and
equipment’s of technology is very critical but not enough. It has been noticed that the return on
investment is not up to the mark as compare to services delivers by intangible areas like
collaborations, staff, and search tools.
As per the Campanella and et.al., (2015) there are many challenges that healthcare
industry is facing is modernizing, mobility, security, migrating, emergency and robust. These are
the major challenged that is caused by digital technology. It has been noticed that digital
technology leads to growing flood of data. There are variety of reasons why the information or
data of healthcare is flourishing at exponential rate. There are several technologies that are
placing strain on existing information infrastructure such as digital imaging, medical, application
from resource taxing and electronic records. Because of rising use of digital technologies the
threat of security of data is increasing. Another challenge that healthcare industry is facing is
privacy requirements. It is mandatory according to Federal Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability (HIPAA) Act, that it is the duty of medical providers to protect as well as
safeguards the private information of patients, which is not so easy in digital technology.
According to this act, there will be penalties when there is breaching of data arise. Privacy
concern is the one of the biggest challenge that is faced by the healthcare and all other industries
due to digital transformations.
Baller, Dutta and Lanvin, (2016) stated that, digital transformation is the most essential
thing or factor that each and every company have to consider for effective and efficient
functioning and operations of business. In order to run the business successfully, it is very
important to adopt digital technology, but still there are huge challenges in adopting digital
technology like inadequate storage and capacity of data. It has been notices storage of data needs
for healthcare double approximately every 20 months. Organisations operating in healthcare
industry have to plan multi-storage that includes virtual site, on-site and off-site storage. Still in
the capacity of overall storage need more effective and efficient software in order to manage the
growing and massive amounts of data that now present in various environment of medicals.
11

Addition to this, it has been seen that there is lack of communication among the system of
healthcare. Addition to this, increasing cost of IT projects in healthcare.
According to Sultan, (2015), Healthcare company are facing fast and dynamic increasing
of Information technology costs from numerous drivers. It is not so easy for small scale
companies to adopt rapid innovation due to high rates. But they are facing pressure for adopting
new technology because there competitors are implementing Internet of Things. At last in brief
discussion, industry of healthcare is facing challenges of information technologies because of
explosion of data and a strict regulative environment. Laws and legislations are very essential to
secure the private data of patients. Addition to this, organisation operating healthcare have to
manage a storage system to secure patient sensitive information which can be done with the help
of Internet of Things.
12

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Research is logical as well as systematic search for new and useful information on a
specific topic. Research methodology is the part of research as it is organized as well as
theoretical analysis of the methods that are applied in the study. The main purpose of selecting
research methodologies to collect, analysed as well as interpret data in order to make decision
related to study (Research Methodology, 2017). In order to conduct the research in a systematic
way, research methodology is the best way. It is a general strategy of research that outlines the
path through which research has been undertaken as well as any other things that determined the
actual methods to be used in investigation (Yakushko and et.al., 2016). Methodology also help in
defining the nature and kinds of methods that is to be followed in the process of research.
Addition to this, methodology includes research publication, surveys, interviews and any other
techniques. There are mainly three types of methods of research methodology which are
experiment, survey research and partial observations. The main intention of conducting the
research is to inform the actions that are used inside the research.
Research Type- Research is the term that is used in technical sense. There are different
types of research in order to meet better understanding of research. Addition to this there are
various types of bases which can be adopted for classification nature of data, knowledge of
branch, area of coverage, place of research, methods used, standard time and carry on.
Qualitative and quantitative are two different methods in research in which explanatory and
conclusive are two types of methods available for researcher to discover the final answer as well
as to achieve the objectives of research. The research that is based on the measurement of
quantity or number is known as quantitative research. This method is applicable to phenomena
that can be represented in terms of quantity (McGregor and etal., 2018). Qualitative research
method is based on the research in which attitude and behaviour of people. In this present
research, researcher has used explanatory type of research as this is the best research that intends
to explore the answer of research and does not intend to offer final solutions to the problems.
Explanatory research is conducted for the type of study that study the difficulties that has been
clearly defined.
13

Research Approach- Research approach is a plan and procedure that include steps of
wide assumptions to detailed method of collection of data, analysis of data as well as in
interpretation of data. These all steps are the most essential steps of investigation; thus researcher
has to choose the most appropriate research in order to make the investigation study successful.
Mainly there are two categories of research approach which are data collection and data analysis.
In data collection there are two methods which are qualitative and quantitative whereas in data
analysis inductive and deductive approaches are used. In this present research inductive research
approach has been used by researcher (Christ, 2017). Inductive research is used where questions
in the investigations is narrow the range of study. This is the best approach that help investigator
to collect the relevant information in the topic (To determine the impact of digital technology in
enhancing the quality of care in Health Care) to his/her own interest.
Research Philosophy- Research philosophy is one of the most essential part in an
examination or study. It is an elaborated description or examination about the way in which data
about the subject or topic is to be gathered, analysed and utilized. Epistemology, ontology,
positivism, interpretivism are the types of research philosophies that help researcher to decide
that can be most effective approach of investigation. The research that is entirely based on
mature of reality is called ontology philosophy. Subjectivism and Objectivism are the strategies
that are classified on the basis of Ontology philosophy (Haghi and et.al., 2017). When scholar
used to analyse the temperament as well as attitude, researcher will use Ontology. Addition to
this, epistemology is a type of philosophy that illustrate knowledge and areas that are acceptable
related to the specific area. On the other hand, realism is one another philosophy that researcher
commonly use that is directly interlinked with the scientific research. The fundamental intention
of realism philosophy is to determine the fact of research. Moreover, interpretivism philosophy is
also most attractive and useful in identifying the end goal of the research as it is based on
understanding nature of human and there role as a social actor. In this present research, scholar
has used positivism philosophy that is based on the information about the subject or topic is
collected, analysed and used (Burke, 2018). With the help of positivism philosophy researcher
has able to collect relevant information in the topic of research which is the impact of digital
technology in enhancing the quality of care in Health Care.
Research Design- Research design is the overall strategy that is used to integrate the
several elements of the study in a systematic and logical manner. It is a plan for the study in
14

order to collect relevant data. There are four types where research design is classified are
descriptive, correlational, semi-experimental, experimental research design. Descriptive research
design is the method or technique that is based on facts which include observing as well as
describing the behaviour of subject without affecting in any manner (Capous-Desyllas and
Morgaine, 2017). With the help of descriptive research design, researcher can illustrate the
number of respondents in a corrective manner. Addition to this, correlational research design that
helps to analyse whether two variables are correlated or not. It shows that that if there is any
fluctuation in one variable (increase or decrease) bring changes in another variable. Moreover,
semi-experimental research design is used when scholar is interested in independent variables
which cannot able to assigned randomly. Experimental design of research is the type of design
that is based on scientific approach to investigation in which scholar manipulated one or more
than one variable as well as control and evaluate any change on another variable. In this present
research researcher has used descriptive research design that help researcher to describe as well
as explain certain types of possibility that is related to a specific group of individual. This
research design will assist researcher to determine the impact of digital technology in enhancing
the quality of care in Health Care (Rosenthal, 2016).
Data Collection- Data collection is one of the most important part in the research study. It
is the process used to collect and measure information on interest of variables in an established
systematic manner. There are two methods of collecting data which are primary and secondary.
These are both important methods of collecting data. Primary method of collecting information is
used when researcher gather the information by his/her own-self and it is unused data. For
example- interview, survey, questionnaire etc. Secondary method of collecting data is when
researcher used to collect information from other sources like internet articles, books and
journals. In term of reliability, the data or information that are collected from primary sources
has more reliability as compare to secondary sources (Powell, 2015). In this present research
study, researcher has used to collected data from secondary the sources instead of primary data.
Primary data takes too long time and so scholar has collected data from secondary sources as it is
less time consuming. It has help scholar to determine the impact of digital technology in
enhancing the quality of care in Health Care effectively and efficiently.
Data Analysis- Data Analysis is also one of the most significant part of the research
study. Without the analysis of data, none of the research is reliable or meaningful at the end. It is
15

the process of logically applying statical as well as logical techtics in order to describe, illustrate
and evaluate the information. In order to ascertain the meaningful information, data analysis is
used to give the sense of meaning to the information. Data analysis also help researcher in
decision making activity of the study. It is very important to clean the data and make it useful
information in the research (Barnes, 2018). There are various approaches of data analysis such as
ethnographic, narrative, phenomenological, constant, hermeneutic approaches of analysis.
Researcher has used to collect the data from secondary. For analysis of data researcher has used
to qualitative method in which thematic analysis has done. With the help of thematic analysis,
researcher has able to determine the impact of digital technology in enhancing the quality of care
in Health Care.
Sampling- Sampling is also one of the most important part of research methodology.
Sampling is used when researcher has to select small group of people or individual from
population. It is group of people or individual that are studies in the research. It is fact that it is
not possible for any researcher to collected the data form large population (Day, Boardman and
Krueger, 2017). Thus, in order to make the research easy and convenient, they select a small
group of people or individual. Instead of collecting information from large population, sampling
is the best way to collect relevant information. The reliability of research is depending of the
result of the study. Portability sampling and non-probability sampling are the two methods of
sampling. The sampling in which number of respondents in the selected population has identified
chances of being chosen is known as probability sampling (Slimani and et.al., 2015). On the
other hand, the sampling in which number of respondents in the selected population does not
possess an identified chances of being chosen is known as non-probability sampling.
Validity and Reliability- It is one of the crucial part of research in which the investigator
will determine validity and reliability of research to generate positive and valid results
effectively. It is important to have a valid and reliable research to generate reliable and valid
results. The research is valid as researcher has followed all the standard and laws that are
essential to consider in research which are respondents in investigation were not got any harm,
researcher has respect for the dignity of respondents are given key priority, scholar also ensured
the privacy and secrecy of data and all other ethical consideration. Addition to this, researcher
has ensured voluntary participation of each and every participants of the company (Mangrum,
2016). On the other hand, in terms of reliability, researcher has collected data from authentic
16

sources which proves that research that is conducted on impact of Internet of Things on Care UK
is valid and reliable.
17

CHAPTER 3- RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Theme 1: Employees use the application of Internet Of things.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated major employees know the concept of Internet Of things and they use the
application of IOT. According to the survey conducted it was identified that internet of
things has a countless of applications in healthcare that benefit patients, families and physicians
alike which is very fruitful for the physicians and patients both. Some manager of organisation
said that they do not use the application of Internet Of Things as they find very challenging to
use this application and it is also identified that there are many challenges that healthcare
industry is facing is modernizing, mobility, security, migrating, emergency and robust and it is
only because of these advance applications. In addition to this, it is also identified from
companies website that some managers of company are not interested in the survey.
Theme 2: Employees are the key stakeholders of company.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated employees are the key stakeholders of organisation as they think that they are
the key to achieve success and implement the use IOT within there organisation. Addition to this,
they feel that without employees none of the work can be executed or accomplished, company
can achieve its goals and objectives only with the employees, thus they feel that they are the key
stakeholders of organisation. On the other hand, some employees said that customers are the key
stakeholders of company as if there is no customer than company cannot operate within a single
day. Rest of the managers are not sure about there answer as they are confused who are the key
stakeholders of company.
Theme 3: Employee know the concept of Internet of Things.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from 20 managers of Care UK company
stated major employees know the actual concept of Internet of Things as said by some managers
of organisation. They said that in today's time, life of people is directly or indirectly depended on
Internet of Things, now one can keep him/her away from using digital technologies. They also
tell several advantages like it gives simultaneous monitoring and reporting, last to last
connectivity as well as affordability, assortment of data as well as its analysis. On the other hand,
some managers of company stated that they do not know the actual concept or meaning of
Internet of Things as they are the people who are not interested of using these techniques and
18

they feel very challenging to use this application. Moreover, it is identified from the company's
website that, only few managers is not sure about their answer as he is confused either he knows
or not know about Internet of Things.
Theme 4: Employee are prepared for transformation/change within organisation.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from 20 managers of Care UK
company stated managers are prepared for transformation/change within organisation as said by
some respondents as they are highly agreed. They said aim to align People, Process and
Technology initiatives of a company more closely with its business strategy and vision. Having
a strong innovative capacity within the culture of the business can be a make or brake of a
transformation process. They said that in order top achieve great height it s very important to
keep on changes as per the needs and desire of customers or market. Some managers are in
support for implementing changes and they are prepared for transformation. On the other hand,
there are managers are against of transformation/changes as they feel that entire organisation
structure is disturbed when company go for change. Some managers are also not supporting as
they are also not ready for any change within there function and operations because they also feel
the same as other manager feels. Beside this, it is also identified form the company's log book
that only few managers has not authentic answer as he/she is supporting both.
Theme 5: Internet of Things is profitable for your company.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated Internet of Things is very profitable for company as some managers are highly
agreed. As per secondary information, in healthcare services deliver according to population
needs. Hence, each care taker need to assess their requirements. They said without using advance
technology, organisation cannot able to survive in this competitive world as well as they cannot
able to provide quality of services to patients as IOT provides best and standard quality services
to patients. On the other hand, it is identified from the website of company that some managers
of company is also supporting as they are favour of implementing application of Internet of
Things within organisation as they feel that company can achieve high profit by using advance
and innovative technologies. Addition to this, some managers of company are against of
implementing Internet of Things within organisation because they feel it is not profitable for
organisation. They said that company has to organize training programs which increase the cost
of operation and reduces the profit. Rest of managers in company are not in support because they
19

also feel that Internet of Things is not profitable for company as it is identified from the
secondary research by taking help of company' website.
Theme 6: Internet of Things enhance the quality of care in health care.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated that Internet of Things enhance the quality of care in health care as some
managers of organisation are highly agreed. They said that advance technology makes the work
fast as well as efficient and in real time monitoring through connected device can save the lives
in the case of medical emergency such as heart failure, asthma attacks, diabetes, stroke etc.
Errors and mistakes and communication become easy between doctors and patients also reduces
with the use of Internet of Things. Some managers are also supporting the usage of Internet of
Things within organisation because in this competitive world it is mandatory for company to use
if they want to grow and develop and survive for long period. On the other hand, it is identified
from the website of company that managers are against of using this advance technology because
they feel that providing quality of services to customers is depended on workforce rather than on
technologies. Only few respondents are not supporting as they argue and said quality of services
is depended in skilled employees not on innovation. Some managers have to answer because
they are supporting both as it is clearly written in the book of company.
Theme 7: Employees experience that innovation is ambiguous.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated employees experience that innovation is ambiguous as some managers are highly
agreed because it has been noticed that management is also confused that company is innovating
new thing or technology that they did not use before or they are improving technologies which
company is using. They also said that technology has very essential impact on the operations of
business. It does not matter what is the size and scale of organisation, but it has both tangible and
intangible advantages in terms of profitability and productivity. On the other hand, some
respondents of company are in support that innovation is ambiguous as it is not clear that in what
way company is going to change. It is identified from the website of company that managers are
against of it as they are not experience that innovation is ambiguous and rest of few are also not
20

supporting the same. Beside this, very little amount of managers are not sure about the answer as
he was confused.
Theme 8: Electronic health record (EHS) help practitioners within healthcare to record the
data.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated Electronic health record (EHS) help practitioners within healthcare to record the
data as some managers are highly agreed. They said that advance technology brings quality and
efficient work as well as it also record the numerous data or information. They said that there is
the impact of digital technology is not limited up-to health of patients and families but it has
huge impact on processes of medical as well as practices of professional in healthcare and EHS
is best for company. Addition to this, some managers are in support Electronic health record
(EHS) help practitioners within healthcare to record the data because it has been recorded that
large number of data are stored with the use of advance technology in Care UK. On the other
hand, some managers are against of it because they feel that it needs high knowledge and skills
to use this application. Beside this, few managers are also not supporting with the same reason. It
is identified form the company's yearly report that managers are not sure about there answer as
they are confused and supporting both.
Theme 9: New technologies used within your company.
Interpretation-As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated and it was identified that company is using so many technologies like ultrasound
and MRI machines, CT and PET scanners, X-ray Machine. Some managers said that Ultrasound
and MRI machines is used in the company's operations and functions as it best for identifying the
actual pain of patients. These machines identified the disease of the person and save the life. The
data collected form the company's website that some managers said that CT and PET scanner is
best and organisation is using this new technology as it help in scanning of body especially for
brain-damaged. On the other hand, few managers said that they are using X-ray machines that
are mostly used for identifying any fractures in the body and rest of some respondents said that
all the above technologies are used by company and it is very beneficial and essential for health
care organisation.
21

Theme 10: Measure the level of satisfaction of customers with the help of Internet of Things.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated that customers are getting high level of satisfaction with the help of Internet of
Things as many managers are agreed that customers are happy with the use of digital techniques
as they are getting quality of services, errors and mistakes are reducing and it reduces the cost of
healthcare. Moreover, some managers are not agreed as they said that customers are not satisfied
as the applications are very slow and lack of understanding is also one of the major issue in using
this advance technologies. It is also identified from the data collected form secondary data that
manager are presenting so many ways where Internet of things is helpful in many ways like they
can utilize technologies in production, manufacturing, improvement in customer care,
transportation, management of human resource, communication of business and it is used in
developing other services and products. On the other hand, rest of some managers are not sure
about their answer as they are confused as it is identified from the company's log book.
Theme 11: Things benefited with the use of Internet of Things.
Interpretation-As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated that public health is improved by using Internet of Things because of innovative
machines and applications easily identify the actual pain of patients. Many managers of company
said that with the help of this advance technology the workflow become easy and effective as
Internet of Things makes the work fast like mobile phones, vocky-tocky, computers etc.
Moreover, some respondents said their digitalization lower the cost of health, applications (IOT)
makes it easier to connect doctors and patients rather than coming hospitals rapidly. It is
identified from the internet article written by the director of company that rest of few managers
said that with this innovative technology, that stores numerous of information and The Cloud is
an invaluable tool for medical research and sharing medical information.
Theme 12: The biggest technological advancement in health care with the innovation.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated that The EHR (electric health record) is one of the biggest advancement in
digital technology as it is automatically alert the treating physicians to potential issues such as
allergies or any intolerance to certain medicines. On the other hand, it is identified from the
22

article written by the director of company that, many respondents said that mHealth and Internet
of Things is also an effective innovation in healthcare as it help in transmission of healthcare
data like ECGs, BP. Rest of some managers are supporting portal technology and wireless
communication as they think both are the most innovative technology that is used by healthcare
sector. These are all the advancement in the healthcare that are preferred by the manager of Care
UK.
Theme 13: Positive impact of Internet of Things within business as well as health care.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated that maximum managers said that there is positive impact of Internet of Things
within the business as well as health care. It is also identified from the article written by the
general manager of company ion internet that the use of IOT in healthcare has aggressively
raises. IOT has great contribution in bringing improvement in care. IOT is not an uncommon
thing, it is now on everyone's lips. Many managers are highly supportive to use of this advance
technology within organisation because of innovation, the workflow become easy and efficient,
lots of mistakes and errors are reduced, organisation profit is ever-increasing because of quality
services. On the other hand, some managers are not satisfied with the use of digital technology or
application of IOT as they said that it leads to negative impact on the business function as well as
entire industry of health care because of lack of understand and lack of literacy of digitalization
which makes difficult to use the application Internet of Things. Rest of few managers are not
sure about their answer as they have both the answer.
Theme 14: If healthcare industry does not use Internet Of Things it will not able to survive in
the economy.
Interpretation- As per secondary information collected from the managers of Care UK
company stated that if healthcare industry does not use Internet of Things it will not able to
survive in the economy as many managers are highly agreed because in today's' era it is
compulsory to use innovative machines and applications to identify the actual pain of patients. It
is identified from the internet article written by the senior retired employee of company that
some managers are agreed as they are supporting that it is crucial for healthcare sector to use this
advance technology. On the other hand, few managers are against of it as they believe that these
technologies and applications are nothing, knowledge and skills of physicians and practitioners
23

matters. In addition to this, it is identified from the company;s website that some are also
disagreed as they are also not supporting with the same reason. Beside this, rest of 2 respondents
are confused and they do not have appropriate answer.
24

CHAPTER 4- CONCLUSION
Within the context of this dissertation which lay stress on role and impact of digital
technology and information system on Health care sector it is concluded that there are number of
application to be used for improving health care. It aids to develop new values within
organisation in the area of internal capabilities, consumer experience and effective process in
order to support business operational activities to produce quality services. These types of
application and equipment will allow healthcare sector will to delivery better service and
products to customer, patients, and clients as well. Companies will be able to improve their
efficiency, productivity and sales with the use of the advance application Internet of Things.
Within health care, it is very important that patients get the best treatment at all time this could
also be done by using applications.
The above dissertation inculcates various types of research methods that help researcher
to find out impact of Internet of Things on health care. Like with the use of only secondary data
collection and their analysis it was easy to achieve the aim and objectives with gathering reliable
data or information (Drahos and Braithwaite, 2017). Researcher has used the articles written by
the directors, general managers of company, company log book, companies website and many
other internet articles. It is concluded from the above questionnaire that most of the participants
agree with the point that digital technology is very profitable for company. Further, Internet of
Things helps in enhancing the quality of care in health care. This dissertation also identified that
The electronic heath record, mhealth, Internet of Things, Portal Technology and wireless
communication are the biggest innovation in healthcare industry. Researcher has used so many
books, articles and journals by which it is easy to collect information as it is not possible for
scholar to collect data form large population.
Moreover, this research also identified challenges that healthcare industry is facing is
modernizing, mobility, security, migrating, emergency and robust which are major challenges
that is caused by Internet of Things. This report also discovers the incomparable innovation in
healthcare which is Internet of Things (IOT), as it is very big network of physical devices, home-
appliance, vehicles as well as many other items that integrated with electronic, sensors, actuators,
software and connectivity that enables these things. At last it is sum-up from the above research
25

that healthcare industry have to use various advance technologies to provide quality of services
to people.
26

CHAPTER 5- RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations are the important part of the dissertation as with the help of this chapter
researcher provide the user with the range of options through which present state of the issue
concern can be improvised. Thus, from the above secondary analysis it is identified that, Internet
of Things is one of the most effective tool in today's world and it should be used in different
sectors. Internet of Things are providing important benefits to health care services that it has
transformed the traditional life into modern life (Sultan, 2015). Care UK, should use all the
Internet of Things that are coming in the market in order to give better services to customers as
well as to earn high profit and market share. From the above secondary analysis it is
recommended by the researcher that Care UK should use all the new machines that are available
in the market like Ultrasound and MRI machines, CT and PET scanners, X-ray Machine,
Infusion pumps, LASIK surgical machines and medical lasers. These are machines that makes
the work easy and efficient. The actual pain of patients are identified with the help of these
machines.
Addition to this, it is also suggested from the secondary analysis that as digital
technology improves the communication within organisation training regarding same should be
provided to the human resource. Innovation technology in healthcare facilitated much smoother
communication within the healthcare organisation. Patients and doctors or other medical
physicians can use online discussion platforms, videoconference to communicate as well as to
spread knowledge to people. Moreover, Electronic Medical record is also one of the biggest
innovation that Care UK should use so that it is easy for both physicians and patients to store
information as well as to share with each other online. It is also suggested by researcher that Care
UK should use Internet of Things which is very beneficial for people living in rural or remote
areas (Wartella and et.al., 2016). Furthermore, it is also identified from the above analysis that,
company should use mobile applications that make easy for patients to connect form doctors like
Internet of Things which is the best application of healthcare. Additionally, researcher also
suggested that company's profitably as well as productivity will be increases if they use highly
innovative technologies. At last, this is also suggested that in order to improvise the operational
efficiency, automotive administrative and clinical processes, easier collaboration, and for better
27

outcomes of patient management in the health care sector should focus on developing digitation
in the sector.
28

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Baller, S., Dutta, S. and Lanvin, B., 2016. Global information technology report 2016. Geneva:
Ouranos.
Barnes, B.R., 2018. Decolonising research methodologies: opportunity and caution. South
African Journal of Psychology. 48(3). pp.379-387.
Burke, R.R., 2018. Virtual Reality for Marketing Research. In Innovative Research
Methodologies in Management (pp. 63-82). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Campanella and etal., 2015. The impact of electronic health records on healthcare quality: a
systematic review and meta-analysis. The European Journal of Public Health. 26(1),
pp.60-64.
Capous-Desyllas, M. and Morgaine, K. eds., 2017. Creating Social Change Through Creativity:
Anti-Oppressive Arts-Based Research Methodologies. Springer.
Casey, M., Crane, J., Gensler, G., Johnson, S. and Narula, N., 2018. The Impact of Blockchain
Technology and Finance: A Catalyst for Change. Geneva Report on the World Economy,
(21).
Christ, T.W., 2017. Mixed Methods and Action Research: Methodologies for Special Education
(In Press).
Codagnone, C. and Martens, B., 2016. Scoping the sharing economy: Origins, definitions, impact
and regulatory issues.
Darwish and etal., 2017. The impact of the hybrid platform of internet of things and cloud
computing on healthcare systems: Opportunities, challenges, and open problems. Journal
of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, pp.1-16.
Day, M., Boardman, M.C. and Krueger, N.F. eds., 2017. Handbook of research methodologies
and design in neuroentrepreneurship. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Dickerson and etal., 2018. Encompassing cultural contexts within scientific research
methodologies in the development of health promotion interventions. Prevention Science,
pp.1-10.
Drahos, P. and Braithwaite, J., 2017. Information feudalism: Who owns the knowledge economy.
Routledge.
29

Ford and etal., 2017. The role of digital disruption in healthcare service innovation. In Service
Business Model Innovation in Healthcare and Hospital Management (pp. 57-70). Springer,
Cham.
Fricker, S.A., Thümmler, C. and Gavras, A. eds., 2015. Requirements engineering for digital
health. Springer International Publishing.
Grishikashvili, K., Dibb, S. and Meadows, M., 2014, April. Investigation into big data impact on
digital marketing. In International Conference on Communication, Media, Technology and
Design (pp. 146-150).
Haghi, A.K., Ribeiro, A.C.F., Pogliani, L., Balköse, D., Torrens, F. and Mukbaniani, O.V. eds.,
2017. Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Volume 5: Research Methodologies
in Modern Chemistry and Applied Science. CRC Press.
Hanelt and etal., 2015, March. Digital Transformation of Primarily Physical Industries-Exploring
the Impact of Digital Trends on Business Models of Automobile Manufacturers.
In Wirtschaftsinformatik (pp. 1313-1327).
Hayes, J.F., Maughan, D.L. and Grant-Peterkin, H., 2016. Interconnected or disconnected?
Promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorder in the digital age. The
British Journal of Psychiatry. 208(3). pp.205-207.
Mangrum, R., 2016. Participatory Qualitative Research Methodologies in Health: A Review. The
Qualitative Report. 21(8). pp.1454-1456.
McGregor and etal., 2018. Braiding Designs for Decolonizing Research Methodologies: Theory,
Practice, Ethics. Reconceptualizing Educational Research Methodology. 9(2).
Nicholas, D., Huntington, P. and Williams, P., 2016. Digital health information for the
consumer: evidence and policy implications. Routledge.
O'Brien, S. and Saldanha, G., 2014. Research methodologies in translation studies. Routledge.
Powell, K., 2015. Teaching and Learning Emergent Research Methodologies in Art
Education. Studies in Art Education. 56(3). pp.284-287.
Rosenthal, M., 2016. Qualitative research methods: Why, when, and how to conduct interviews
and focus groups in pharmacy research. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning.
8(4), pp.509-516.
Sawesi and etal., 2016. The impact of information technology on patient engagement and health
behavior change: a systematic review of the literature. JMIR medical informatics. 4(1).
30

Shore, J., 2015. The evolution and history of telepsychiatry and its impact on psychiatric care:
current implications for psychiatrists and psychiatric organizations. International Review of
Psychiatry.27(6). pp.469-475.
Slimani, N., Freisling, H., Illner, A.K. and Huybrechts, I., 2015. Methods to determine dietary
intake. Nutrition Research Methodologies. pp.48-70.
Sultan, N., 2015. Reflective thoughts on the potential and challenges of wearable technology for
healthcare provision and medical education. International Journal of Information
Management, 35(5), pp.521-526.
Sultan, N., 2015. Reflective thoughts on the potential and challenges of wearable technology for
healthcare provision and medical education. International Journal of Information
Management. 35(5). pp.521-526.
Topol, E.J., 2015. The patient will see you now: the future of medicine is in your hands (Vol.
2015364). New York: Basic Books.
Vigdor, J.L., Ladd, H.F. and Martinez, E., 2014. Scaling the digital divide: Home computer
technology and student achievement. Economic Inquiry. 52(3). pp.1103-1119.
Wartella, E., Rideout, V., Montague, H., Beaudoin-Ryan, L. and Lauricella, A., 2016. Teens,
health and technology: A national survey. Media and communication. 4(3). pp.13-23.
Weaver and etal., 2016. Healthcare information management systems. Cham: Springer
International Publishing.
Yakushko, O., Hoffman, L., Morgan Consoli, M.L. and Lee, G., 2016. On methods,
methodologies, and continued colonization of knowledge in the study of “ethnic
minorities”: Comment on Hall et al.(2016).
Online:
Concept of Internet of Things. 2017. [Online]. Access through.
<https://www.peerbits.com/blog/internet-of-things-healthcare-applications-benefits-and-
challenges.html >.
Importance of digital technology in healthcare. 2017. [Online]. Access through:
<https://medium.com/amplify/the-role-of-digital-technology-in-the-u-s-healthcare-market-
69a3077b97f>.
Electronic Health Record. 2017. [Online]. Access through: <https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-
electronic-health-record-ehr>.
31

Research Methodology. 2017. [Online]. Access through:
<https://www.questionpro.com/blog/what-is-research/>.
32