Compost Pit for Organic Waste in Sambo District, Cambodia

This study aims to understand the controlling the current problems regarding waste management at Cambodia’s Sambo district. The study is helpful understand public awareness and participation. Further, the study has been useful for the people to be aware of wastes and management. Thus they must be encouraged to make healthy and clean environment through active participation in projects. The study focuses on designing a compost pit for organic waste and landfill at Sambo district, Cambodia. It analyzes the controlling of current problems regarding waste management, public awareness, and participation.

Running head: COMPOST PIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE
Compost Pit for Organic Waste
(Sambo district, Cambodia)
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author Note

1COMPOST PIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE
Designing for compost pit for organic waste and landfill at Sambo district
Cambodia:
The following study aims to understand the controlling the current problems regarding waste
management at Cambodia’s Sambo district. The study is helpful understand public awareness and
participation. Further, the study has been useful for the people to be aware of wastes and
management. Thus they must be encouraged to make healthy and clean environment through active
participation in projects (Ma, Yin & Liu, 2017). In order to design organic wastes and various
landfills at the area there have been various that are analyzed below.
First of all the local governments has been arranging various activities for achieving
successful deployment of waste using of the project. It has been including setting of institutional
framework, mainstreaming education, capacity building and arrangement of capacity and education
in the area (Pode, 2016). Moreover, they must arrange public hearing and various democratic
discussions, promoting waste separation at generation source. This is helpful to improve waste
collection system. This also includes selection of proper sites for implementation of projects, making
plans for site operation, determining how to sell products, evaluating and monitoring effectiveness of
the project along with modifications needed. The dissemination of project progress and outcomes to
public has been also vital to develop public awareness and develop future co-corporation.

2COMPOST PIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE
Figure 1: “Compost pit: Having only organic waste.”
(Source: Oeurn, 2018)
Next, institutional frameworks must be set. The local governments at Cambodia have not
possessed enough personnel and budget to manage solid waste management. Thus, involving private
sectors and NGOSs over organic waste usage has been vital (Pode, Diouf & Pode, 2015). Besides,
various local governments must be setting monitoring systems and various public relation personnel
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3COMPOST PIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE
for following to and assure operations through private sectors and various NGOs. The designated
personnel must be trained with various lessons from various countries.
Next, the public education and building capacity is to be built. It has seemed that residents in
Cambodia have not been aware of various health risks that have been closely related with
environmental effects of waste management. Here, some the farmers has been using wastewater that
is drained from urban areas for vegetable cultivations and bathing at wastewater canal (Ma, Yin &
Liu, 2016). Moreover, there has been no resistance for land filling sitting and there has been no
claim regarding land filling effects for local governments. This situation has been making local
governments and various private sectors that have been involved at waste management feeling
comfortable to design and operate the facility. Besides, there has been a resident who have not been
aware of various environmental effects that has been not likely cooperating in waste management
policies of various local authorities (Watanabe et al., 2015). Maximum of the people have not been
intending to pay various waste fees. Here, they have been leaving waste across the road dumped over
empty ground.
Decision making in building biodigester
Men
Women
Both

4COMPOST PIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE
Decision making in
building bio-digester
Men 80%
Women 15%
Both 5%
Figure 2: “Decision making in building bio-digester”
(Source: "Solid waste", 2018)
Further, there must be conducting of democratic discussion and public hearing. This process
for the local governments has been arranging to convey project information for the resident. This has
also included different stakeholders who are interested. Besides, different causes of disagreement or
agreement should be explained. The public hearings should be done frequently till most of them
agree on project contents. Further, date of public haring must be done in advance to those residents.
Additionally, there must be promoting of waste separation at those generation source. Ss the
anaerobic and composite digestion has been chosen, those local governments should be encouraging
residents for separating wastes at generation sources and establishing different collection of organic
wastes (Shackley, 2015). Different financial incentives like reducing waste collection fee should be
applicable to develop waste separations at generating the source. Moreover, certification for those

5COMPOST PIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE
environmental volunteers must be introduced to different individual teams who have been not
conceived through decreasing the fee of waste collections.
Lastly, there should be improving of waste collections service systems. As the waste
separations at the generation source gets introduced, this waste collection system must be modified
and reviewed for associating the practice of waste separation (Khan, Zaman & Zhang, 2016). Here, a
designated schedule regarding organic waste collection must be arranged. In order to make decisions
over the schedule of collecting organic wastes, the different policy-makers must be considering
various vehicles that have been available for the activities. As the collection vehicles and various
personnel are restricts, the involving of the community at door-to-door collection of wastes and
delivery of collected to the transfer points are suggested.
Process technology for
organic waste and digestion of
water resources
Volume Costs
Estimated cost of investment 60,000 tons per year 2.5 millions AUD
Energy consumption Approximately 150,000 kWH
per year.
15,000 AUD
Generated biogas 2.5 million liters per year
Electricity generation 7 million kWhel per year 1000,000 (approximately) AUD
Critical reflection on the present case:
In this current scenario, with the advent of waste generation, local governments should be
improving urban and organic waste management through shifting from open burning and dumping

6COMPOST PIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE
towards more climate and environmentally scopes. It is seen that more that 60% of the land has been
organic in nature. This can be used for energy, soil amendment and animal feeds. Besides, the huge
potential for the use, the urban organic waste usages at Cambodia has been restricted. Thus, the
typical approach towards solid waste management at Sambo district in Cambodia has been
contracting with private organizations. This is to deliver waste collection services and at many time
managing the dumpsites. Here, without any doubt, those practices have been inducing health risks
and emitting greenhouse gases to atmosphere. Here, the local government, has needed to decide
what waste usage technology has been the most suitable to mitigate those challenges. The above
designing process has been facilitating those decision makings through analyzing step-by-step
proposals for successful implementation and technology selections.
Moreover, the above discussion has been not been also promoting particular technologies.
Instead it has been encouraging local governments for carefully understanding various disadvantages
and advantages of various kinds of alternative tools as per as the finances, human resources and local
conditions are considered. Moreover, it must be kept in mind that better management of organic
wastes at the area would be effectively contributing to human health. This must be done through
developed living conditions along with national energy and food security goals. This has been the
central element of the climate change action plan of Cambodia.

7COMPOST PIT FOR ORGANIC WASTE
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