Ask a question from expert
History and Current State of Endosymbiotic Origin of Mitochondrial : Report
10 Pages2540 Words265 Views
Added on 2020-07-23
History and Current State of Endosymbiotic Origin of Mitochondrial : Report
Added on 2020-07-23
BookmarkShareRelated Documents
Comprehension assignment
Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................11. History and current state of origin of mitochondria................................................................12. Arguments of early critics and proponents of the theory........................................................23. Relationships of the proto-eukaryotic host cell and the proto-mitochondrial endosymbioticcell and its affect on eukaryotic cells..........................................................................................34. Critically analyse the consequences of evolutionary event for life on the planet, and itsimplications for humanity (e.g. you may find examples of mitochondrial diseases in health,etc.)..............................................................................................................................................5CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTIONMitochondria are best-known as the powerhouse of the cell. They mainly act as adigestive system in the eukaryotic cells by taking in food, breaking them down and developingenergy rich molecules for the cell (Evolutionary Origin of Mitochondria, 2017). The eukaryoticcells include plant and animals cells. The main purpose of the mitochondria is to produce energyfor the cells.In this report the history and the current state of endosymbiotic origin of mitochondrial ispresented. The currently known phylogenetic relationship of proto-eukaryotic host cells andproto mitochondrial endosymbiotic cell will also be discussed and the effects of eukaryotic cellson them will be presented. This report will also examine the effects of mitochondria on the life ofthe planet.1. History and current state of origin of mitochondriaThere are two main theory which describe about Endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria.They differ to each on the basis of nature of host, physiological capabilities of mitochondrialendosymbiont and their ecological interaction. According to the traditional theory mitochondriawas first acquired by anaerobic nucleus bearing cell. It was full fledged eukaryote able to sweepover the mitochondria through phagocytosis. This perception is linked to thought thatmitochondrial endosymbiont was obligate aerobe who had similarity in its physiology withmodern Rickettsia species (Carrie,Weißenberger and Soll, 2016). However, as this theoryassumes that host is eukaryote already, so it does not account for mitochondrial ubiquity. It alsostates that all the descendent of this host except one who have mitochondria, become extinct.The aspect of oxygen detoxification creates problem, because reactive oxygen species(ROS) is a form of oxygen that are toxic to anaerobes. In case of eukaryotes due to interaction ofmitochondrial electron transport chain with oxygen, mitochondria itself produce ROS in them. Inthis way instead to solving problem mitochondria rather creates it; thus protection from oxygenis a symbiotic benefit. Second theory states that mitochondria was first acquired by prokaryoticarchaebacterium. This statement links to idea that in mitochondria in ancestors was very versatileand was facultative anaerobe having physiology similar to Rhodobacteriales. The benefit ofsymbiosis was the production of H2 by endosymbiont which cat as the source of energy for1
End of preview
Want to access all the pages? Upload your documents or become a member.