AI and Robotics: Examining Computer Control Systems and Ethical Issues

This essay explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in computer control systems and robotics, examining the benefits, limitations, and ethical considerations. It begins by introducing computer control systems, highlighting their working principles using sensors and microprocessors, and discussing their advantages such as swift calculation speeds and high data storage capacity, alongside limitations like high costs and intolerance under adversarial conditions. The essay then transitions into robotics, emphasizing the convergence of robotics and AI to optimize autonomy and learning. A significant portion is dedicated to the ethical issues in robotics, including privacy threats, economic and employment concerns, and the limitations of AI systems, such as their lack of interpretability and susceptibility to deception. Despite these challenges, the essay underscores the opportunities presented by AI, particularly its potential to enhance accuracy and sophistication across various sectors like economics, medicine, and transportation, concluding that the continued development and implementation of AI systems hold promise for a prosperous future. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a wide array of study resources including past papers and solved assignments.

system

Introduction
• several facilities and works are managed by the system
of automation and computers.
• advantages of implementing automation system in a
business are increased efficiency, cost reduction,
increase in the number of operators, increase the safety
of workers
• The term Artificial intelligence determines the complete
concept of an intelligent machine in the terms of equally
social and operational consequences (Russell and
Norvig 2016).
• The trend towards shifting towards AI in swiftly
increasing for the benefits of sophistication and

COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM
• One example for understanding the computer control
system is microprocessor
• Microprocessor is the small integrated circuit that is
used for various purposes
• . It has the capacity to store huge amount of data.
• The usage of microprocessor varies from CPU in a
computer to several other applications for broadening
its usage (Miller and Rice 2013).

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COMPUTER
CONTROL SYSTEM
• working principle of computer control system can be
understood with the example of sensors
• Sensors are commonly used for collecting data and
provide input in the computer (Niewiadomska‐Szynkiewicz
et al. 2013).
• various kinds of sensors are thermal sensors, pressure
sensors, and light sensors.
• As example, light sensitive resistor has the ability to be
used as a light sensor
• The input signals are processed by the computer. Then the
output signal is transmitted to the components that are
under the control of the computer

BENEFITS OF COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM
• Swift speed of calculation: Huge number of calculations are carried
out by the central processing unit of a modern computer in a small
duration of time
• Several systems of input and output devices: A computer possesses
several input devices such as keyboard and mouse
• High data storage capacity: Computers uses a huge number of
storage devices for storing information like magnetic disk and floppy
disk (LaFleur et al. 2013).
• Programmable control: a set of instructions is called a program.
Computer generally operate depending on the program.

LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM
• High cost: A huge amount of time has to be invested
to make the design of a computer control system.
• Maintenance difficulties: Integrated circuits and
electronic circuits are produced in a mass scale with the
help of computers.
• Intolerance under adversarial conditions: The
working capability of the computer control system
under adverse conditions is very low (Matuszek et al.
2013).
• Necessity of huge amount of supportive devices:
Computers possess the capability of managing huge
amount of data in a short duration

INTRODUCTION TO ROBOTICS
• Robotics is growing is becoming complicated by
creating a foundation on the progress made in
computing and electrical engineering, mechatronics.
• The basic sovereignty of a robot in an environment can
be categorised into recognising, development, and
implementation of the environment.
• The prominent idea of converging robotics and AI is to
optimise the level of autonomy of learning (Siciliano
and Khatib 2016)
• Robotics is advancing in the modern for its ability to
perform the tasks that a human cannot execute in short
time

ETHICAL ISSUES IN ROBOTICS
• Privacy threat: The main component of AI is data,
and it requires high level of security and proper
management to properly maintain the
information source to prevent security breaches.
• Due to the rise in the security threats, there is an
increase in the need of innovative weapons
(Geiger et al. 2013).
• Economic and Employment issues: It has been
predicted that the number of jobs occupied by
the robots will rise at a significant rate in the
near future
• The increased growth in the technological field

LIMITATIONS OF AI
• A machine need to satisfy the needs of several abilities like
reasoning, model building, real world understanding, and
anticipation of the future actions to be considered
intelligent.
• After broad exercise on vast datasets, the machines of this
new era can achieve striking results in identifying images or
speech translation (Nilsson 2014).
• , the situation when the system has to deal with a new
prospect, it is often identified that the system fails.
• The lack of interpretation can be considered as another
issue in the recent AI system.
• The recently developed AI systems are very easily
deceived, which is the main problem that can affect almost
all the machine learning

OPPORTUNITIES WITH AI
• Even though there are some issues in the concept of AI, it is still
considered to be a major aspect in the recent times and it is
breakthrough development for a prosperous future.
• The tendency of humans to depend on the systems of AI will increase
in the near future as there is a significant growth in the availability and
utilisation of AI systems (Gero 2014).
• This is the sole reason why so many large firms are investing huge
capitals for the implementation of AI in their business
• AI systems are required to handle the data with increased complexities.

SOME ADVANTAGES OF AI
• THE BENEFITS OF INCREASED ACCURACY AND SOPHISTICATION OF AI MAKES
IT IDEAL FOR THE USE IN THE SECTORS OF ECONOMICS, MEDICAL, ENERGY,
INDUSTRIAL, SCHOOLING, TRANSPORTATION, AND PUBLIC AMENITIES
• ROBUST AI SYSTEMS HAS THE ABILITY OF REPLACING EXPENSIVE HUMAN
LABOUR AND GENERATE DIFFERENT POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS AND WORK
WITH HUMANS FOR ACHIEVING BETTER STANDARDS OF SERVICE
(Ghahramani 2015).
• PERVASIVE SYSTEMS FOR SENSING AND EASILY ACCESSIBLE TECHNOLOGIES
ARE PROGRESSING TOWARDS THE SMART EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
• THE PHYSICAL ABILITIES OF THE HUMAN, INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, AND
HUMAN SENSING IS LIMITED FOR THE HUMANS BUT IT HAS VAST
OPPORTUNITIES IN THE AI SYSTEMS

REFERENCES
• Geiger, A., Lenz, P., Stiller, C. and Urtasun, R., 2013. Vision meets robotics: The KITTI dataset. The
International Journal of Robotics Research, 32(11), pp.1231-1237.Russell, S.J. and Norvig, P., 2016. Artificial
intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia; Pearson Education Limited,.
• Gero, J.S. ed., 2014. Artificial intelligence in design'91. Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Ghahramani, Z., 2015. Probabilistic machine learning and artificial intelligence. Nature, 521(7553), p.452.
• LaFleur, K., Cassady, K., Doud, A., Shades, K., Rogin, E. and He, B., 2013. Quadcopter control in three-
dimensional space using a noninvasive motor imagery-based brain–computer interface. Journal of neural
engineering, 10(4), p.046003.
• Matuszek, C., Herbst, E., Zettlemoyer, L. and Fox, D., 2013. Learning to parse natural language commands to a
robot control system. In Experimental Robotics (pp. 403-415). Springer, Heidelberg.
• Miller, E.J. and Rice, A.K., 2013. Systems of organization: The control of task and sentient boundaries.
Routledge.
• Niewiadomska Szynkiewicz, E., Sikora, A., Arabas, P. and Kołodziej, J., 2013. Control system for reducing‐
energy consumption in backbone computer network. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and
Experience, 25(12), pp.1738-1754.
• Nilsson, N.J., 2014. Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.
• Russell, S.J. and Norvig, P., 2016. Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia; Pearson Education
Limited,.
• Siciliano, B. and Khatib, O. eds., 2016. Springer handbook of robotics. Springer.