[FULL ACCESS] Relational Database Model for Course Management System

The report discusses the importance of a relational database model in the course management system. It highlights various data models that have an influence on approaches and strategies used in the database management system. The document also touches upon the implementation of query tools and manipulation, testing of the database, and the importance of control mechanisms.

COMPUTER
INFORMATION SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1. Critically compare different data models.............................................................................1
1.2.Critically discuss the benefits and limitations of different database technologies................1
1.3 Various approaches to database design................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Designing a relational database system.................................................................................2
2.2 Building a relational database system...................................................................................3
2.3 Database tools and techniques..............................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Benefits of using manipulation and query tools....................................................................4
3.2 Implementing a query language in relational database management system........................4
3.3 Critically evaluating the quality of data through query tools................................................4
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................5
4.1 Critical analysis of the database implemented......................................................................5
4.2 Documentation of the implementation and testing...............................................................5
4.3 User documentation for relational database..........................................................................5
4.4 Concepts of verification and validation................................................................................6
4.5 Use of control mechanisms in developed relational database systems.................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
There are various types of data models that are considered as an essential aspect of
information systems and have an influence on the processing of operations and processes.
Different database technologies include SQL, IBM etc. have advantages along with some
limitations as well (Paul, Bhuimali and Aithal, 2018). A relational database model can be
developed in an efficient database software application. Importance of various tools and
techniques of database have also been included in the report. Manipulation, query tools along
with its impacts and aspects for an efficient testing process has also been discussed in the report.
TASK 1
1.1 Comparing Different Data Models
It is regarded as the representation which is mostly done on the conceptual basis related
to various structures of data which are required in the database. For using common analogy, the
provided data model equals the building plans of architect. The data model is considered as an
independent regarding the hardware and software constraints. Data model represents graphical,
complex and data structures of the real world. It provides facilitation to the interaction among
those who are designers and applications by which the programmer and the end user shares.
Several end users have various different views and required certain data for processes.
There are certain types of data models which are hierarchical model, network model,
relational model, Entity relation model, object oriented model and deductive model. Hierarchical
model provides the data in an organised manner in the form of tabular rows. Network model has
the graphical structure in the form of graphs between various nodes whereas in the relational
model the data is provided in the form of table. So, on the basis of these models, Apadmi Ltd
can ensure involving the same as per the requirements of the company.
1.2 Benefits and limitations of different Database Technologies
In the particular database system there is storage of data in the databases which are large
whereas in the file system, the data stored is in the form of various files.
In the following file system, there are several tasks such as retrieval, storage and search which
can be done manually while the several DBMS are provided.
There are various types of database technologies and some of the well-known and
common examples of this can be considered as My SQL, OODBMS, Oracle database, IBM DB2
etc. Every single database have enormous number of advantages and beneficial factors that
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somewhere helps in reducing the rate of complexity of the queries, thus solving them and making
the process and outcomes clear enough, so there are some factors that actually can act as a
limitation of the same (Powar, Kamath and Dhruv, 2018). In addition, on the basis of the
structural factors, the databases can be classified as hierarchical, object oriented, relational etc.
Here, a comparison can be made between the file systems and the database management system.
In case of the database management system, there is a possibility of avoiding and blocking any
sort of external or unauthorised access whereas in case of file systems, there are probably more
chances of the data and information to be lost. So, the same can be considered in Apadmi Ltd.
for having an effective rate of processing.
1.3 Various approaches to database design
There are various different approaches of database design and are discussed as below::
Top Down Approach
In top down approach, it keeps its focus on the fact that what are the basic requirements
of the system. While investigating this, different entities along with attributes are being achieved
as well.
Bottom Up Approach
Bottom up approach can be considered as reverse of top down approach. The main
difference is in its approach, attributes have been found before the entities. Apadmi Ltd. can
make involvement of the top down approach in order to achieve all the targets and objectives.
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TASK 2
2.1 Designing a Relational Database System
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2.2 Building a Relational Database System
2.3 Database tools and techniques
There are various tools and techniques that can be used for enhancing the interface in order to
meet the needs and requirements and are discussed as follows:
 Padded block links can be used as the in line elements. Therefore, by making
involvement of some factors, they make the conversions of the same in block elements
making the whole procedure easy enough. So, this can be considered as an effective tool
used for an efficient implementation of tools and techniques
 Typesetting buttons helps in analysing the interface elements e.g. buttons etc. Therefore,
for an appropriate and efficient positioning of the buttons and labels; these can be
considered as effective enough.
TASK 3
3.1 Benefits of using manipulation and query tools
Manipulation and query tools are considered as an important factor that helps in taking
out data and information from database. Usually, SQL is the format that is being mostly used in
various database systems. Various benefits of using manipulation and query tools have been
discussed as below:
 Using query tools and manipulation helps in a pre generation of SQL. So, this can be
considered as a time saving factor, thus this can be termed as beneficial enough for
saving the time of the user.
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 No sort of complexity in coding is being observed in the coding while using manipulation
or the query language.
 The DDL commands helps in defining the structure of database more efficiently.
 The DML commands helps in managing all information within schema objects.
3.2 Implementing a query language in relational database management system
Select couseID
from client
where Unit = = Literature,
course fee == 695652
Select RegisterationNo
from Reg
where courseID = = 101
3.3 Quality of data through query tools
Query tools can be termed as simple but complex. It somewhere depends on nature of
query, whether what amount of time they can consume. As in case of complicated queries, views
can be made in order to reduce its complexity and in case of a simple code, it can be simply
embedded. Therefore, the implementation of the query tools can actually provide some sort of
help in minimizing the amount of issues and complexities associated. A proper and efficient use
of queries has been executed, and then it can help in extracting suitable information and data
required from tables. This can also include DDL (Data Definition Language) and DML (Data
Manipulation Language).
TASK 4
4.1 analysis of the database implemented
There is the issue that there are various number of courses in the college but because of
the lacking centralised database management system, they are facing various issues. Thus, For
resolving the issues, a course management database system have been involved and its
implementation has been performed with involving all the queries required etc. The basic
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requirements were that the college was having a course management database system so that
they can be able to manage the processing of the operations effectively. So, all the basic
attributes and entities such as course, lecturers, registration of the students have been included
with all the basic attributes.
4.2 Documentation of the implementation and testing
For the database implemented, it can be said that it covers all the basic aspects along with
all the attributes. The basic requirement was to create a course management system which will be
enquiring all the course details along with the lecturers and of the students who get registered
(Chowdhury and Salahuddin, 2017). After the implementation, the testing has also been done by
checking and entering the value within the database. The new entrants have been updated
automatically in the database and this helped in proving that the database is working properly.
4.3 User documentation for relational database
The relational database that has been developed involves all basic entities such as course
details, lecturers’ details and registration of each student. In addition, it updates when there
comes an entry of some lecturer and also, in case of the courses as well, the database keeps
updated along with the involvement of some new course by the college. Therefore, the database
can be termed as beneficial as it has achieved every single aspect and covers all the requirements
of the college. So, the listing of the details of the course and of all the units, it can be easily
accessed by the admin of the college. In addition, for any new entry of a course, it also gets
updated within the database automatically. Therefore, database is acting reliable enough for
providing an efficient and appropriate set of results.
4.4 Concepts of verification and validation
Verification is considered as an important aspect of software development cycle and it is
being used for investigating whether it is being achieved on the right path or not. In case of
validation, the focus is kept on the fact that if the final objective has been capable enough of
meeting the basic requirements or not. Verification makes involvement of the testing process in a
static way whereas in case of validation, the testing is being achieved in a dynamic way. Some
well-known and common examples of verification involve inspections etc. and are also being
performed before the process of execution of the software. In case of validation, it makes
involvement of the whole process of execution of the software. Some well-known and basic
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examples of it include regression, acceptance testing etc. There are various types of testing that
can be performed in the validation, so there are most probably fewer chances of occurrence of
errors and complications. In verification, ER diagrams can also be used because these helps in
making better rate of analysis and also in an efficient rate of demonstration as well. Therefore, in
verification, various aspects such as ER diagrams, test plan, matrix etc. can be used in order to
provide better rate of demonstration.
4.5 Use of control mechanisms in developed relational database systems
Control mechanisms are considered as a way or procedures in which all different
variables can be properly managed and analysed in an appropriate way. Control mechanisms are
being applied in order to ensure the fact that the testing has been done properly. Therefore, for an
appropriate quality control, the involvement of control mechanism in the course management
database system is effective and important (Burns, Young and Ellis, 2015). It deals with
all defects in a way that they can be resolved in a way that it does not increase ability of systems
any more. Sometimes, when some operations do not work, in that case, it makes involvement of
some other alternative mechanisms so that issues and complications can be resolved as soon as
possible. So, in cases where there is enormous number of factors that are acting complex, in that
cases, involving the mechanism of control mechanism can actually prove helpful enough in
making modifications and improvements at a much faster rate. Therefore, it can be considered
that in the process of the course management database system, the involvement of control
mechanisms can be done and implemented for better rate of processing.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the report that various data models have an influence on
approaches and strategies being used in the database management system. In addition, various
tools and techniques can also be included in order to implement an appropriate relational
database model for the course management database system. An advantage of making
involvement of the query tools and manipulation has also been included. A different aspect of the
testing of the database has also been included. Implementation of the verification and validation
has also been included in the report along with importance and impact of the control
mechanisms.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Burns, A. J., Young, J., Roberts, T. L. and Ellis, T. S., 2015. Exploring the role of contextual
integrity in electronic medical record (EMR) system workaround decisions: An
information security and privacy perspective. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer
Interaction. 7(3). pp.142-165.
Chowdhury, S. and Salahuddin, K. M., 2017. A Literature Review of Factors Influencing
Implementation of Management Information Systems in Organizations. International
Journal of Business and Management. 12(8). p.72.
Hitomi, K., 2017. Manufacturing Systems Engineering: A Unified Approach to Manufacturing
Technology, Production Management and Industrial Economics. Routledge.
Lukaszewski, K.M., Stone, D.L. and Johnson, R.D., 2016. Impact of human resource information
system policies on privacy. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, 8(2),
pp.58-73.
Malgwi, Y.M., Mathias, L. and Muhammad, L.J., 2018. DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF E-COMMERCE SYSTEM. International Journal of Advanced
Research in Computer Science, 9(1), pp.900-907.
Mardis, M.A., Ma, J., Jones, F.R., Ambavarapu, C.R., Kelleher, H.M., Spears, L.I. and McClure,
C.R., 2017. Assessing alignment between information technology educational
opportunities, professional requirements, and industry demands. Education and
Information Technologies, pp.1-38.
Paul, P., Bhuimali, A. and Aithal, P.S., 2018. Computing & Information Science Degrees with
Emerging Flexibilities and Entry Level Criteria: Study of M. Sc. Programs in it and
Computing Fields in Indian Private Universities.
Powar, A., Kamath, A., Gaikwad, K. and Dhruv, A., 2018. SURVEY ON WATER
RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEMS. International Journal of Advanced Research
in Computer Science, 9(1), pp.624-626.
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