Design and Development of a Hospital Healthcare Monitoring System

The provided document appears to be a collection of references related to the design and development of hospital healthcare monitoring systems. It includes studies on wireless sensor networks, patient parameter monitoring, and remote medical monitoring using technologies such as Raspberry Pi, Zigbee, and Internet-of-Things (IoT). The references are from various research papers and journals published between 2013 and 2018.

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Abstract
Monitoring system was mainly used in healthcare services. This project clearly explains how
patient information will be monitored and get accessed. It can be viewed by the patient as well as doctor
efficiently. Monitoring system uses the different sensors to sense the patients’ information. The sensors
that are used here was temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, etc.…Data are collected by sensors.
Microcontroller helps to perform the operations and it is very easy for research activities. Global System
for Mobile Communication (GSM) will be using for data transferring purpose. The main advantage of
this project is doctors and patients can access those data in anywhere and anytime with secured manner.
At first the sensors will monitor the patients regularly for update the accurate information about the
patient for doctor reviews. Patient will easily view their medical reports through online with the help of
internet. Microcontroller used here was Arduino uno for performing operations. The methodology called
secondary methodology will be applying here. Temperature sensor DS18B20 will be used for sensing the
patients’ body temperature. Heart rate sensor SEN 11574 will be used for sensing the pulse rate of the
patient.
Keywords: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Micro controller, Temperature Sensor,
Heart beat Sensor.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................3
2. Aims & Objectives..............................................................................................................................5
3. Project Deliverables.............................................................................................................................5
4. Project Method and work plan.............................................................................................................6
Project Schedule and Gantt chart.............................................................................................................9
5. Data protection and Information ethics:.............................................................................................10
6. Methodology:....................................................................................................................................11
7. Literature Survey:..............................................................................................................................12
8. Working method of patient monitoring system..................................................................................19
9. Patient Monitoring System Design....................................................................................................25
10. Implementation of mobile application...........................................................................................32
11. Evaluation of Proposed Project......................................................................................................35
12. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................46
13. References.....................................................................................................................................47
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1. Introduction
Tele-health monitoring system provides the method to manage the health information of the
patient and their health conditions. There are lots of technologies and different types of
equipment are integrated in the system for monitoring the patient’s health condition records
efficiently. The report contains the project proposal diagram which includes the necessary ethical
aspects of the system like project schedule, stakeholder’s details and technological resources etc.
Telemedicine also an important utilization of a medicinal data for enhancing the patient’s clinical
status.
Concerned stakeholders
Tele-health monitoring system contains two different types of stakeholders
1. Internal stakeholder
2. External stakeholder
There will be many internal and external stakeholders are associated with this system
Internal stakeholders
The project development team, Project design team, The project manager, testers, Integration and
network engineers are comes under the internal stakeholders
External stakeholders
Patients, end user and medical team and lab associates are comes under the external stakeholders
Problem Addressed
Now days the patient’s faced lots of problem. There are various problems that the patients face in
terms of the visits to the health centers and the long waiting time upon reaching. There are also
cases of information loss and replication that are witnessed with the use of manual systems in
healthcare systems. Not only the normal patients the emergency patients also facing the these
kind of following problems for their treatment
 More time consuming for meet doctor
 Difficulty to visit the health centers
 Difficulty to visit clinics
 Long waiting time for reaching consult doctor
Project Importance
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The record maintaining capabilities and benefits are associated with significance of the project.
It is the main importance of the project. The project carried out the features of health care
activities and operations. It is necessary for the business units and organizations for adapt the
new technologies in their architecture and building infrastructure.
Significance of the project
1. Purchaser Access
2. Enhanced Outcomes
3. Tele-health will expand effectiveness
4. Legislative help and subsidizing
5. Innovation is accessible to help more grounded reception
6. Electronic Medical Records
7. Persistent fulfillment
Benefits for Internal & External stakeholders
There will be many key benefits that will be provided by the project to stakeholders
 The processing speed and quality of the health services that will be provided efficiently
 The medical fraternity will be improved by the sincerity of the medical team
 The medical team plays a major role in health care maintenance
 The project team and resources which would lead to the improvement of their
professional development and future growth of the organization
 The project sponsor are the main important factors to increase the organization growths
and developments
Relationship between Proposed work and existing system
The proposed project is based upon the health practices that are currently followed in the health
care organizations which contains some format for maintaining the patient’s records and physical
data. The features and qualities that will be implemented in the Tele-health monitoring system..
The existing system contains the set of operations would aid in the understanding of the
requirements and specifications of the system and future enhancement of the system. The
existing system fully based upon the methods and requirements of the previous analysis of the
legacy system.
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2. Aims & Objectives
The main objective of this project is to produce a functional tele-health monitoring
system. And it covers the non-functional and functional requirements.
Following are the objectives that are met in this project:
1. In tele-health monitoring system the successful deployment and development is used by
the patient and members in the medical team.
2. The operations of this system are correctly executed by the correct maintenance and
support of the tele-health monitoring system.
3. Completion of the functions and activities of this tele-health monitoring system within
the schedule and budget are used to estimate this project.
4. This complete details used by the patients to know about their health issues.
3. Project Deliverables
Following are some of the deliverables that are affiliate with the project:
 Proposal of the project and charter: This document contains the highlights and
complete details about the project. Project justification and its feasibility study
also attached with it.
 Plan of the project: The document will cover the methodology and project
approach with the specific project approach.
 Tele-health Monitoring System Design: This design will covers the design
diagrams and screen designs for the purpose of understanding the behavior of the
system and its details.
 Source code of this project: In the execution phase the code of the tele-health
monitoring system will be attached.
 Plan of Testing: This plan will cover testing methodology, test cases, testing
activities and test execution.
 Closure Report: This project would cover the sign offs along with the set of
activities and project acceptance.
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4. Project Method and work plan
 Project Resources, Milestones, Phases and Deliverables
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Project Schedule and Gantt chart
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Project technologies:
More implemented and developed technologies used in the project.
The project front end is PHP. It is one of the developed programming language.
The back end is My SQL database.
The timeline and estimation of project schedule is done by using the Microsoft Project
Management tool. The testing tools is used to make this project. Like TestLink and Bugzilla.
The usage of big data is necessary in the project. It is also makes the project and data
analytics tools for the analytics of the health details of the patient.
The records management tools are also combined. So manage the information of patients
is accurately.
The active methodology is also known as system development methodology. The project
management methodology will be project management body of knowledge (PMBOK)
5. Data protection and Information ethics:
The ethical standards and practices are important in the project. It is mainly followed
in the project activities and operations. Adding the adherence in the project for ethical standard.
The adherence is important to the Intellectual Property and laws in the project.
The compilation of property and laws is significant in the project tasks and activities.
The information is linked with the tele-health monitoring system. It is sensitive and
critical in nature.
It is used to protect and secure the information in all times. There is used to prevention
and detective controls. It is contains improved administrative checks and policy for the data
securities.
The project have developed of information and network security. Like anti-denial
tools, intrusion detection tools, anti-malware tools, proxy servers and firewalls.
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The use of access control and authentication mechanisms are important processes of
the project.
6. Methodology:
Secondary methodology is used here. The literature survey is done. Relevant cases are
studied. The design is developed.
The principle methods are completely studied. The systematic understanding has been
done. The overall analysis has been done. The system design has been developed separately.
In literature survey 15 papers has been studied.
Techniques, methods, advantages, existing system, and proposed systems are
understood clearly.
Advantages and disadvantages are clearly understood and separately mentioned.
Advantages of secondary methodology:
All resources are available in secondary methodology.
Previous researches are used.
Making easier to carry our further research.
Time saving and cost efficient.
The data was collected property and used for further research.
New insights are generated.
Accessibility.
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Disadvantages of secondary methodology:
Inappropriateness of the data.
Lack of control over data quality.
Accuracy of secondary data is not known.
Data may be outdates.
Qualitative method is used here. Qualitative research is the method used when you
want to understand why something happens. Subjective strategies deliver clarifications just of
the specific cases examined. The information ethics and data protection are studied in qualitative
methods accurately. Project deliverables are theoretically understand. It uses the preventive and
detective methodologies.
7. Literature Survey:
In many Asian countries everyday many lives are affected because the patients are
not observed and properly treated. Also continuous monitoring of ICU patients isn't possible. To
overcome these situations, this system used the Raspberry Pi technique (Navdeti, Parte and
Talashilkar, 2016).This system is designed for monitoring and measuring various health
parameters like heartbeat, temperature and ECG etc. The Raspberry Pi technique measured these
results and sent to the respective doctor using GSM module. Database will give the periodic
values of the health parameters. The doctor and relatives are receive the results by login to the
website. A live video of the patient can be streamed to the doctors and relatives. So they are able
to monitor the patient from any distance. And also the patient's parameters are compared with the
threshold value. So the immediate alert messages could be sent to the concerned doctor if there is
any unstable health situation is occurred. The main advantage of this system is that it provides
real-time video and health parameter of the patient.
This system measure the heart rate based on a PIC microcontroller. Infrared monitors are
used to monitors the heartbeat microcontroller (Moorthi and Amutha, 2015). It consists of an
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amplifying section which amplifies the output signal and displays its value on the LCD
connected to the from the heart rate measurement unit via sensor and a microcontroller
pic16F877a.And the microcontroller and pic16F877a displays the result in an LCD (16X2)
alphanumeric display. The circuit is first tested using a simulation in the Proteus design suite.
This measurement circuit can be easily used by families, hospitals, clinics and sports centers.
Programming of the microcontroller is described and done by using MikroC .This measurement
circuit can be easily used by individuals, hospitals and sports centers. This technique notify the
alarm when the person‘s heart rate is above or below the normal heart rate.
This system continuously monitoring the physiological conditions of the patient by using a
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN).Sensors are monitored the conditions of the patient and ZigBee
transmitted these output signals. The remote wireless monitor is used for receiving the
physiological signal of the patient. And also it is a combination of the Personal Computer and
ZigBee (Prof. Sonal Honale, 2016).The Personal computer gets the collection of measured signal
from the ZigBee. The first procedure is measured the parameters like temperature and heart rate
by the wireless sensors. And measure the saline level of the bottle is the second procedure. To
perform these two procedures, the wireless sensors using the ZigBee. And the measured signal is
transmitted via the RS-232 serial port communication interface to the Personal Computer. When
the measured signals crossed the standard values, the Personal Computer send a message to the
doctor and Caretaker's mobile phone. To reduce the battery consumption, this technique used
Low-power operational amplifiers.
Patient monitoring system is implemented by IOT.IOT is a popular platform of
software field. It is provides more efficiency applications in various fields. The patient
monitoring system is one of the appliance of health care. The uses of applying the IOT in patient
monitoring system, the accessing is improve in health care. The Quality is also improved. The
significant purpose of cost is reduced in the system. Nowadays the networking devices are also
included in medical area for the patient monitoring system. Like wireless devices, wired devices
etc. The main drawback in existing technologies, the patient health details would be collected in
periodic manner. To solve the problem, so using the recent wireless sensor technologies for the
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patient monitoring system. The best way of gathering the patient details is using different sensors
in patient monitoring system. It is a successive way of achieving monitoring, without injecting
inside the body. The daily visit or checkup is no need for doctor. It is main advantage of patient
monitoring system. The system offers good capability. Finally, the treatment of patient
monitoring outputs contains best efficiency level. (Jog et al., 2017)
The android based patient monitoring is very efficient. It is also known as
online patient monitoring system. This type of monitoring is implemented by the android
application.one of the most famous application named Telemedicine. It is used in the android
based patient monitoring system. The area of clinic medicine is using the developing appliance
of telemedicine. The telemedicine in patient monitoring system is used to pass the information
by the phone or internet. The remote medical procedures or examinations are also move on by
the telemedicine of patient monitoring systems. This telemedicine is also used for the greater
extend in android based patient monitoring system. Constitute the telemedicine by the developed
methodology in the patient monitoring system. The design aspects are also examine for the
patient monitoring system efficiency. Find the values of temperature, blood pressure using this
method. The database of the patient stored the determined values. The collected information is
uploaded in the web based server and web page. Applying the android technology or the post the
database to doctor's mobile. (Application of Android Mobile Platform in Remote Medical
Monitoring System, 2018)
The spreader computing is also known as health monitoring system. The technology is
being present anywhere at once. The technology of mobile computing is improve the
communication between the health care workers and look of patient to offer the best health care
system. The network devices are allows to design the size of packet, low cost. The bio sensor
nodes are used the wireless network for the mobile health monitoring and it contains more
processes in between the vital parameters. The proposed system is using the mobile and offers
the different health parameters like ECG, Temperature etc. Using the deployed sensors, collect
the all environmental data. The system contains various types of parameters.one of the important
parameters are physiological parameters. The parameters are integrated for the mobile health
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monitoring. The implementation and authentication are based on the accuracy and parameters
transmission. (Wahane and Ingole, 2017)
A project is mainly implemented by Sonal for the patients’ health care (Patient
Monitoring System Using Wi-Fi Technology, 2018). This system used the temperature sensor
and heart rate sensor. These sensors are used to monitor the patient's health in their stay place.
This service is provided for medical monitoring and medical data access. It is mainly used for the
rural area peoples. The monitoring process is done between the patient and doctor by using the
laptop or mobile phones through Wi-Fi .The system that which contains Graphical User Interface
to maintain the record of patient and it is more convenient for both doctor and patient. It act as a
multipurpose system to measure the different parameters. The condition of the patient is
monitored continuously on the display. The alarm is fixed to alert the doctor while the patient is
in critical condition. By this way death of the patient can be reduced.
Nowadays our technology is increasing in higher level (PATIENT MONITORING
USING NFC THROUGH CLOUD, 2017) .One of this technology cloud is used to monitor the
patient. Cloud is nothing but a NFC standard based technology. NFC is the Near Field
Technology used as a short range wireless communication. It is used to transfer the information
between devices with the coverage area 10cm .NFC consists of a tag that which stores the unique
identification of the patient. By using NFC technology the wrong treatment for the patient can be
avoided in highly populated hospitals. It is very easy to use for both the technical and non-
technical like doctors, nurse. It provides accuracy, automation and reduced cost in the developing
countries. The benefit in this project is to reduce the manpower, increase the efficiency and to
improve the patient identification through NFC. The patient who are in critical situation, this
technology is useful and the possible of death can be avoided.
IOT is the advanced technology which is interrelated with all machineries (Navdeti,
Parte and Talashilkar, 2016) .This is used in several places for the human life. This which
includes the smart home, smart city, smart environment etc. IOT is used in the agriculture field
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to analyses and to control the flow of water, growth of crops etc., now this technology is used in
the medical field, it is useful to monitor the patient’s body temperature, pulse rate patients body
position and movement of the patient using ARM. When Raspberry connected to IOT it acts a
server that which updates the all details in webserver. The details can be gathered in webserver
by using the laptop and mobile phone by this way the patient health can be monitored.
Preventing and detecting the patients from the disease, healthcare using different technologies to
improve the quality of human life. This paper explains how the E-medical record systems would
be adopted by primary care physicians. Nowadays many of the applications can be developed for
the mobile users. On that way mobile devices provide a new chance to handle health care data
and services in a secured manner. Mobile health care applications gives a quality of patient care
with least cost. In recent years the mostly used technology in health care was Near Field
Communication (NFC).NFC is enabled in all the mobile phones. Because it is used to store a
individual id of the patient and also it is very useful to the doctors for retrieving patients
information. It was the backend server in smartphones. Patients will be aware about their
medicines and illness with the help of Google Cloud Messaging Services (GSM).Here both the
patient and doctor need to secure the information. For that purpose Elliptic curve cryptography
(ECC) algorithms and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are used. AES and ECC are
encryption algorithms to provide security for our information. (Vora, Adgoankar and Chaturvedi,
2015)
Cloud based medical monitoring system is mainly used for the people who are not getting any
medical facilities. This system is used to monitor and store patient’s information and provide
privacy for that information. By this facility patients life can be protected. Monitoring patient’s
health information through bio medical sensors. It sense the patients detail with or without
doctor's presence. Here we use sensors to measure patient’s heartbeat, blood pressure and
temperature. And then this details stored in the server for doctors verification. Bio monitoring
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system regularly monitoring the patients to report doctors for providing a correct treatment.
Security of the patient’s information is very important. For that purpose Rabin's algorithm will
be used hereby using this algorithm the information will be encrypted for the security purpose. In
cloud based medical system many devices are used. Evaluate the performance of this devices
will be measured by accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This system is mainly used for the
people to consult a doctor at any time with the help of smart phones. And also doctors can
prescribed and provide advices through patient's mobile phones. (CHEN, QI and QI, 2013)
Cloud computing is mainly used for the healthcare systems to monitoring the patients. Here it
explains how the wireless sensor network integrating with cloud computing for the purpose of
patient monitoring. For the purpose of supporting healthcare community the cloud is the very
useful one. In the previous year Patient monitoring or observing their data's will be done by
wireless sensor body network. And it is monitored by an agents in medical organization. Because
it is a sensible one. But here we use Mesh network. Providing clear description about the patient
by the use of mesh network. This is also used for reading a physiological framework while using
a wireless sensors. Medical organization get alerted by inventive agents. Data aggregation also
alerted by this agents. This paper clearly explains how to improve efficiency in medical via the
help of information and cloud computing technology. Here Patient monitoring is important. (Lin
et al., 2014)
With the help of healthcare monitoring system the patient’s psychological parameters
are monitored. The health condition of the patient is analyzed by the following measurements
like heart rate movements and heart rate. In many hospitals multiple patient bodies will be
monitored by the monitoring system. It has this capability to monitor the patients’ details. To
analyses the heart rate, blood pressure of the patient by attaching the sensors to the patients’
bodies. The signals are produced with the help of the wireless body sensor network (WBSN).
The patients’ abnormal condition will be detected by the monitoring system. With the help of the
sensor an alarm is provided to the patients for know about their conditions. This system contains
three major nodes. First node is the coordinator node. It will be fixed to the patient’s body. The
second is relay node. It helps for finding the relaying data. Third is forward node. It is used to
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forward the data that are received from the coordinator node. And it will be saved in the base
station. This system is used to enhance the quality of patients’ life. The main advantage present
in this system was less energy consumption. It is also used to expand the communication
coverage.
In this system, Wireless transmission is monitored the health status of the patient. It is the
best way to keep the track of the patient's details. The wireless monitoring system is used to
predict accurate details of the patient's health parameters. The primary function of this system is
to maintain constant track of the patient's details securely. The patient's data is transmitting
through wireless transmission. This system is used to predict heart rate, temperature and the
respiratory rate of a patient. The system is designed to provide the physiological conditions of a
patient and display the details at the doctor's side. The patient's details are sensed by the wireless
transmission by a Wi-Fi module to the doctor's side. It majorly helped to measure the patient's
details. The physiological data of a patient is measured by using this system. It helps to describe
the status of the health and fitness of the patient's. The patient's details also displaying on the
patient side LCD. (Shelar, Singh and Tiwari, 2013)
There are so many technologies are used to monitor the human body in healthcare
management. Sensor networks also play a vital role in a patient monitoring system. In healthcare
system sensor networks are used to monitor various medical data and operational parameters.it is
a major part to collect, analyze and display the measured medical parameters of the patients.
Patient’s medical details are transmitted via the wireless sensor network communication.
sometimes the Internet of things are adapted with sensor network for the purpose of accessing
the patient's medical parameters in remote areas .The patient's details are considered as input
data, the data is stored in cloud server and these data are transmitted to other devices for doctor's
references.M2M gateway is used to transmit the medical data from microcontroller to the main
server. The purpose of using body sensor network is analyzing the human body. The major task
is to predict the heartbeat rates, temperature and stress levels of the patients. The patient's data is
viewed by the simulated remote health app and these data's are displaying the M2M gateway
screen. (Wang, Zhao and Qiu, 2014)
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8. Working method of patient monitoring system
Introduction
Remote monitoring system was possible by the use of Microcontroller, Sensors like
temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, etc…The actual working flow of this is shown below,
Here at first all the data (Temperature, Heart rate) are collected by respective sensors, then the
data was processed by the microcontroller then it send to the server. After completion server
uploading both patient as well as doctor can able to check the data (Temperature, Heart rate).
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System layout
In this system the Temperature, Heart rate sensors are used to measure the temperature as
well as pulse rate of a patient.After that the microcontroller that send the data to the database
through the internet.Then the doctor and patient can able to access the datas through their
mobiles or laptops.
Hardware connection details
In area of hardware we used a microcontroller, sensors (Temperature sensor, Heart rate
sensor), GSM module to create a wireless data base of remote patient monitoring.
Hardware details
 Micro controller
 Heart rate sensor
 Temperature sensor
 Gsm modules
 Laptop/ mobile
The above hardware components are explained below
Micro controller (Arduino uno)
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Micro controller was a device which acts like a small computer. It can be able to do all
the operations performed by the computer. Here we use an Arduino UNO micro controller. It has
a capability to do a research at the same time it is very easy to do research activities.
Heart rate sensor
Pulse sensor SEN 11574 is a most common heart rate sensor available in market. This
type of sensors are3 specially made for using in Arduino based systems. And it was a plug and
play type so it was very useful for research purpose. By simply clamping the finger on this
sensor to know the pulse of a patient.
Temperature measuring sensor (DS18B20)
Temperature of a patient body was measured by this sensor. It is a semi-conductor device
which shows a temperature of body by varying its resistance with respect to change in patient
body temperature.
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GSM module
In this project we use a (Global System for Mobile Communication) GSM module SIM900A
for data transferring purpose. It supports a dual-band signals with Surface Mount Technology (SMT). It
has a compact design and size so it is most suited for our project.
Laptop/ Mobile
Laptop and mobiles are a display devices which shows the current status of a patient to
the doctor. For that purpose it must be connected with internet. By the use of internet we can
access the data about the patient stored in a system.
Connection setup of a patient monitoring device
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Connection of temperature sensor
In this project we connect the temperature sensor with arduino as shown in the below
figure. The sensor has a three pins here the center pin was a data pin that must be connected with
any one of the digital read pin of micro controller (Arduino). The other two pins probably supply
pins that connected with power source.
Connection of heart rate sensor
Heart rate measuring sensor (DS18B20) was a analogue sensor so its output was in the
form of analogue signals.so we need to connect the data line of the sensor with the analogue read
pin of the micro controller (Arduino). And other two pins are source pins they must be connected
with the 5 V supply of the Arduino as shown below.
Overall connection of the project
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The below shown circuit was an overall configuration of a project. We need to make a
connections as shown below to make a patient data measuring and transmitted to a server.
Measuring blood pressure of the patient
We need to measure the BP of a patient for that purpose we need to use a sensor that is
capable of measuring the BP (Blood pressure) of the patient. That was carried out by the
following three stages.
 Making the connections
 Setup of Arduino
 Code generation and running
Making the connections
In measuring of the BP (Blood Pressure) we have to measure two parameters (Systolic,
Diastolic pressures) so we need to connect two wires with those pins of the device ( BP
measuring device). And also need to provide a supply to the device (BP measuring device).
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Setup of Arduino
After making the connections we have to connect the out pit pins with the Arduino’s
analogue pin. And also connect a device’s supply wires to the Arduino’s 5volt output jack.
Code generation and running
After making all of the wiring connections we need to upload a program to the arduino.
And on the serial monitor to see the results.
9. Patient Monitoring System Design
Details: This Project is about to Monitor Patient using Arduino and to display the result at
website anywhere. Scope: VB, PHP, Arduino, MYSQL, Webhosting
Database- -Add Column patient ID varchar 10 to heartrate -alter column time format date now /
current timestamp
PHP-
i)getHeartRate.php -delete and edit query(filter by patientID)
ii)patient.php -edit add session to store patientID after tagID -delete query
iii)api.php -Add file api.php -receive data from VB(serial Com) and directly save to database. -
filter by tagsID -tagsID then check from tagtracker to get patientID -insert data to heartrate
VisualBASIC 2008 -select com port , fill server url and connect -Data received is sent to api.php
ARDUINO -microcontroller ATMEL source code -TagsID = 0001
PMS -OLD unedited PMS PHP source code
1) Connecting USB ports with modules as shown in the below figure.
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.
2) Run the application program for com port (COM 3) and baud rate (9600).
3) Fill the Mac Address to connect the digital displaying devices as well as the measuring
devices (Temperature sensor and Herat rate sensor).
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4) Now we Turn ON the router to transmit data collected from the patient to online could
storage (Server we created for that).
5) After that we can able get a results in our displaying device ( mobile or laptop) that was
as like the below figure.
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Web server Implementation
A http is process the operations are given in the web browser as WWW in network protocol.
Web server is used to storing, retrieving and performing operations in the cloud.
MQSQL database management is used for this project because it’s an open source as
widely used as distributed systems. It is developed, distributed and supported by oracle
cooperation. The SQL storing the information in table structured format as rows and columns to
push the data’s. It checking the quality assurance to ensure the operation bug is online and live.
The flexible of changes and the integrity and fast are done by applying an agile approach
And it have charges for hosting, uploading our application and real time working in the SQL
Localhost. MySQL is a structured query programming language to perform the operations. The
server operations are structured in the diagram as given below.
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The device which have a unique id for each patient and uniquely given for each doctor. A patient
is applicable for a single device.
Database table creation operation
The table creation is done by user to give the structure for the table for storing and retrieving operation.
And the main need of table is validating the users by their user ID, Name and email. And the table
consists of details about doctor and patient.
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This tables contains details about the patient such as “symptoms”,”prescription” and the
heartbeat of the patients and the collected information are shared by using the GSM module.
From the database it will easily retrieve the data patient by using patient id to retrieve it.
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10.Implementation of mobile application
The main motto of our project is to develop a remote communication system which is
capable of transmit an information collected from the patient through sensors to a doctors
monitoring device it may be Personal Computer (PC) or Laptop or be a mobile phone. If it was a
mobile phone we need to install the application on mobile for do that job. So here we would see
about the implementation of mobile application. For creating a software it must be a generic or
the format of software must be available in large no of users. So we choose the Android
platform. Android platform was the widely used mobile platform all over the world. And also
android platform gives the permission to make an application for our requirement. The major
requirement of the application was it must give a chance to make a strong communication
between the doctor and patient. At the same time it must be simple as well as effective because
the patient they have a limited awareness about the application. So we have to create a very
simple user inter face that has a very effective functioning capabilities.
Technical Features
Technical specifications of the mobile application was as follows,
 Target Sdk version 24
 Jdk Jre 8.0
 Min Sdk version 15
Flow of work in application (Mobile application)
For our requirement we have created an android application. That has a feature to view a
data (patient details stored in server). In this project all the communication among the doctor and
patient must be stored in the online server. This application was created to work only on android
platforms.
Specifications
The mobile application which we created has the below technical specifications.
 Login
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 Patient details
 Monitoring table
 Check box of symptoms
 Notifications (through email)
 Real time data transfer
Login
Each and every doctor and a patient must need to login on their user id. Because it
helps to identify who is the patient, what is the problem we faced, and what are treatment
given to him in past cases. So it is the main feature of this application.
Patient Details
The application was connected with server through internet. On the server the
details about the patient was stored. This application that retrieves the data from the
online storage (Server).
Monitoring table
In this table doctor can able to get the details about the patient. So he can easily
diagnose the problem of the patient.
Check box of symptoms
Every patient he must feel some kind of symptoms after that they running to
hospital. So the patient’s symptoms must be communicated with the doctor. It helps the
doctor to give what kind of treatment for the patient.
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In our application that has an area to enter symptoms faced by patient as shown in the
above figure. So doctor can able to see this.
Notifications
Notifications are the messages send through the email by the doctor according to the
patient health condition.
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Real time data transfer
In this app all the conversions are must be stored in online for future references.
11. Evaluation of Proposed Project
The proposed system is going to implement based on the feasibility survey. The proposed
system is not depend on any other and the proposed system is very user friendly to operate and
control. So that the proposed system can be employed at any places. Such as hospitals, home and
industries to monitor the health status of the person. In our nation the government and the NGO’s
will pay some considerable amount as a fee for the process healthcare development. If we
implement such a devices in our nation it will be very inexpensive. Hence this project is more
suitable and reliable for our country.
Technological Aspect
At first we have to develop a new android application for our system because the android
mobiles has simple user interface to control and operate. Nowadays the smartphones are more
popular and widely used by the all type of generation. There are many android mobiles user are
in our country. That is why we decided to develop an android based system for our project. For
developing the system here we used the components like Dallas Temperature sensor, Pulse
sensor, GSM module sim900A and Arduino Uno. We used these components because they gave
almost accurate result.
Economic Aspect: A system is said to be economical when it is cheap and at the same
time it must give the accurate result. This system is cost effective because the tool that we used
to build is inexpensive. The price of this device is very low which is very efficient to use for such
a developing country like us.
Android application
The user interface (UI) of the application is simple and easy to operate. There is two type
of application that should be developed for
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 The Patient
 The Doctor
Simultaneously we can’t install the two application in a single mobile. Therefore the patient
application is installed only in the patient mobile and the doctor application is installed only in
the doctor mobile. So that it will avoid the confusion between the patient and the doctor. On the
following section we will describe the detailed workflow of both doctor and patient application.
Interface of patient application
The flowchart of the patient application is shown below
Account creation:
At the very first the patient need to create an account in the patient application. For that
the patient has to register through the android application. In the application the patient need to
35

provide some basic adequate information such as username, password, first name, last name and
email address. After that the patient can login through the android application at any time by
providing their user name and password.
Interfacing the Doctor’s App
Doctor must enter his user ID and password on the app doctor user type. The total
process followed by the doctor was shown in below,
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Coding:
<?php
session_start();
if (!isset($_SESSION['sessionName'])) header("location:index.php");
$timeout2 = 300; // 5 minutes
$duration = time() - $_SESSION['timeout'];
if($duration > $timeout2)
{
session_destroy();
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header("location:timeOut.php");
}
$_SESSION['timeout'] = time();
$myPatientID=$_POST['patientList'];
$_SESSION['tagID']=$myTagID;
$_SESSION['patientID']=$myPatientID;
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-
scalable=no"">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="assets/ico/favicon.png">
<link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
<title>PMS (Patient Monitoring System) - Patient Current Data</title>
<!-- Bootstrap core CSS -->
<link href="dist/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link href="dist/css/animate.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script type="text/javascript" src="dist/js/dygraph-combined.js"></script>
<!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="assets/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<script src="assets/js/respond.min.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script src="assets/js/jquery.js"></script>
script>
$(document).ready(function()
38

{
$("#timeContainer").load("timeContainer.php");
var refreshId = setInterval(function()
{
$("#timeContainer").load('timeContainer.php?randval='+ Math.random());
}, 60000);
$.ajaxSetup({ cache: false });
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="spin"></div>
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-static-top">
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand"><img src="images/PMSLogoSmall.png"></a>
<a class="btn btn-custom" href="dashboard.php"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-signal"></i><b>
DASHBOARD</b></a>
<a class="btn btn-custom" href="patientArchives.php"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-
user"></i><b> PATIENT ARCHIVES</b></a>
<a class="btn btn-custom" href="addUser.php"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-
user"></i><b> ADD USER</b></a>
<a class="btn btn-custom" href="addPatient.php"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-user"></i><b> ADD
PATIENT</b></a>
<a class="btn btn-custom" href="logOut.php"><i class="glyphicon glyphicon-pencil"></i><b>
LOGOUT</b></a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="animated bounceInLeft">
<div class="page-header">
39

<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6">
<?php
echo "<p align=left>" . $_SESSION['sessionName'] . "</p>";
?>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6" id="timeContainer">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-4">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title" align=center><b>PATIENT CURRENT DATA</b></h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<?php
include("connectDB.php");
$myPatientID=$_POST['patientList'];
echo "<table class='table table-bordered'>";
$result1 = mysql_query( "SELECT * FROM patient WHERE patientID='$myPatientID'");
while ( $row1 = mysql_fetch_array( $result1 ))
{
echo "<tr>";
cho "<td align=left><p><b>Patient ID</b></p></td>";
echo "<td align=left><p>" . $row1[ patientID ] . "</p></td>";
echo "</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td align=left><p><b>Name</b></p></td>";
40

echo "<td align=left><p>" . $row1[ name ] . "</p></td>";
echo "</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td align=left><p><b>Gender</b></p></td>";
( $row1[ gender ] == 'M' ) echo "<td align=left><p>Male</p></td>";
else if ( $row1[ gender ] == 'F' ) echo "<td align=left><p>Female</p></td>";
echo "</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td align=left><p><b>Age</b></p></td>";
$bdate = $row1[ dateBirth ];
$now = date('Y-m-d');
$diff = abs(strtotime($now) - strtotime($bdate));
$years = floor($diff / (365*60*60*24));
echo "<td align=left><p>$years</p></td>";
echo "</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td align=left><p><b>Room</b></p></td>";
echo "<td align=left><p>" . $row1[ room ] . "</p></td>";
echo "</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td align=left><p><b>Bed</b></p></td>";
echo "<td align=left><p>" . $row1[ bed ] . "</p></td>";
echo "</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td align=left><p><b>Diagnosis</b></p></td>";
echo "<td align=left><p>" . $row1[ diagnosis ] . "</p></td>";
echo "</tr>";
echo "<tr>";
echo "<td align=left><p><b>Status</b></p></td>";
if ( $row1[ healthStatus ] == 1 ) echo "<td align=left><p>Stable</p></td>";
41

else if ( $row1[ healthStatus ] == 2 ) echo "<td align=left><p>Requires Attention</p></td>";
else if ( $row1[ healthStatus ] == 3 ) echo "<td align=left><p>Critical</p></td>";
echo "</tr>";
}
mysql_free_result( $result1 );
mysql_close();
echo "</table>";
?>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-8">
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title" align=center><b>TEMPERATURE</b></h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<div id="graphdiv1" style="width:600px; height:200px;"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
g1 = new Dygraph( document.getElementById("graphdiv1"), "getTemperature.php", // path to CSV file
}
);
</script>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title" align=center><b>HEART RATE</b></h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
42

<div id="graphdiv2" style="width:600px; height:200px;"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
g2 = new Dygraph( document.getElementById("graphdiv2"), "getHeartRate.php", // path to CSV file
{} // options
);
</script>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-default">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title" align=center><b>BLOOD PRESSURE</b></h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<div id="graphdiv3" style="width:600px; height:200px;"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
g3 = new Dygraph( document.getElementById("graphdiv3"), "getBloodPressure.php", // path to CSV file
{} // options
);
</script>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<footer>
<div class="row text-center">
<p><small>Patient Monitoring System Version 0.50 &copy; UTP 2013</small></p>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
43

</div> <!-- /container -->
<!-- Bootstrap core JavaScript
================================================== -->
<!-- Placed at the end of the document so the pages load faster -->
<script src="assets/js/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="dist/js/spin.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var opts = {
lines: 13, // The number of lines to draw
length: 20, // The length of each line
width: 10, // The line thickness
radius: 30, // The radius of the inner circle
corners: 1, // Corner roundness (0..1)
rotate: 0, // The rotation offset
direction: 1, // 1: clockwise, -1: counterclockwise
color: '#000', // #rgb or #rrggbb or array of colors
speed: 1, // Rounds per second
trail: 60, // Afterglow percentage
shadow: false, // Whether to render a shadow
hwaccel: false, // Whether to use hardware acceleration
className: 'spinner', // The CSS class to assign to the spinner
zIndex: 2e9, // The z-index (defaults to 2000000000)
top: 'auto', // Top position relative to parent in px
left: 'auto' // Left position relative to parent in px
};
var target = document.getElementById('spin');
var spinner = new Spinner(opts).spin(target);
$(window).load(function(){
// Once the page is fully loaded, stop spinning
44

spinner.stop();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Database connectivity:
ALTER TABLE `heartrate` ADD `patientID` VARCHAR( 20 ) NOT NULL ;
ALTER TABLE `heartrate` CHANGE `time` `time` TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
12.Conclusion
Tele-health monitoring system is also said to be a remote patient monitoring. It is uses a digital
technologies to collect medical and other form of Health data and location. Monitoring programs
can collect a wide range of health data from the blood pressure, blood sugar, blood oxygen level
and heart rate. The stored data can be transmitted to health center through the primary care
settings, hospitals and skilled nursing facilities. Monitoring programs helps to keep people
healthy. To avoid the patient to move skilled nursing facilities. It reduces the number of
hospitalizations and length of stay in hospitals and which it helps to improve quality of life and
contain cost. Our project proposes a method for monitoring the Patient using Arduino and to
display the result at website. Our project helps both the doctor and patient to access the data
through their mobiles or laptops at any time, from anywhere. We used a microcontroller, sensors
like Temperature sensor, Heart rate sensor, GSM module to create a wireless data base of remote
patient monitoring and Database will give us the periodic values of the health parameters like
temperature, blood pressure and heart rate.
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13.References
Aminian, M. (2013). A Hospital Healthcare Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor
Networks. Journal of Health & Medical Informatics, 04(02).
Shelar, M., Singh, J. and Tiwari, M. (2013). Wireless Patient Health Monitoring
System. International Journal of Computer Applications, 62(6), pp.1-5.
Wang, Z., Zhao, C. and Qiu, S. (2014). A system of human vital signs monitoring and activity
recognition based on body sensor network. Sensor Review, 34(1), pp.42-50.
CHEN, L., QI, W. and QI, Y. (2013). Atmospheric monitoring network system based on cloud
computing. Journal of Computer Applications, 32(5), pp.1415-1417.
Lin, J., Zhu, B., Zeng, P., Liang, W., Yu, H. and Xiao, Y. (2014). Monitoring power
transmission lines using a wireless sensor network. Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing, 15(14), pp.1799-1821.
Vora, D., Adgoankar, A. and Chaturvedi, A. (2015). Mobile Health Monitoring Privacy System
based on Cloud. International Journal of Computer Applications, 109(6), pp.10-13.
Moorthi, M. and Amutha, R. (2015). Implementation of an Improved Model for Medical Images
Using PIC Microcontroller in Telemedicine. Studies on Ethno-Medicine, 9(3), pp.411-418.
Navdeti, P., Parte, S. and Talashilkar, P. (2016). Patient Parameter Monitoring System using
Raspberry Pi. International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science.
Prof. Sonal Honale, V. (2016). Health Monitoring System Using Zigbee Based wearable
Devices. International Journal Of Scientific Research And Education.
Application of Android Mobile Platform in Remote Medical Monitoring System.
(2018). International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering and Research, 4(4), pp.598-607.
Jog, S., Ghodake, P., Jagtap, D. and Shete, D. (2017). Patient Health Monitoring and Controlling
System using Internet-of-Things (IoT). IJARCCE, 6(5), pp.197-202.
Wahane, V. and Ingole, D. (2017). Interactive Mobile Health Monitoring System. International
Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 8(4).
Navdeti, P., Parte, S. and Talashilkar, P. (2016). Patient Parameter Monitoring System using
Raspberry Pi. International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science.
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Patient Monitoring System Using Wi-Fi Technology. (2018). International Journal of Recent
Trends in Engineering and Research, pp.23-30.
PATIENT MONITORING USING NFC THROUGH CLOUD. (2017). International Journal of
Modern Trends in Engineering & Research, 4(5), pp.152-156.
CHEN, L., QI, W. and QI, Y. (2013). Atmospheric monitoring network system based on cloud
computing. Journal of Computer Applications, 32(5), pp.1415-1417.
Lin, J., Zhu, B., Zeng, P., Liang, W., Yu, H. and Xiao, Y. (2014). Monitoring power
transmission lines using a wireless sensor network. Wireless Communications and Mobile
Computing, 15(14), pp.1799-1821.
Vora, D., Adgoankar, A. and Chaturvedi, A. (2015). Mobile Health Monitoring Privacy System
based on Cloud. International Journal of Computer Applications, 109(6), pp.10-13.
47