CONCEPT MAP. 1. Concept Map Student’s Name Institutiona

Running head: CONCEPT MAP 1
Concept Map
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

CONCEPT MAP 2
Introduction
Antidiuretic hormone is also referred to as arginine vasopressin. This hormone is
produced by the hypothalamus in the brain and later stored in the posterior pituitary gland. The
hormone is significance in the body system as it helps the kidney manage the amount of water in
the body. On the other hand, diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by production of
huge amounts of dilute urine. This paper is set to bring forth how the action of ADH regulates
the formation of dilute and concentrated urine. The paper also explores how diabetes insipidus
alters the contents of urine. Most importantly, the application of these two queries is intertwined.
Therefore, a concept map shall be employed for clear illustration of the interconnectivity of the
two quarries.
How ADH Action Regulates the Formation of Concentrated and Dilute Urine
When there is high plasma osmolality, that is when the osmotic pressure is high, the brain
triggers the hypothalamus which in return signals the release of Antidiuretic hormone from the
posterior pituitary gland in the bloodstream (Picker, et, al., 2014). The released ADH acts on the
kidney by increasing the permeability of the capillary walls enhancing reabsorption of water (Pu,
2015). Due to the high rates of water reabsorption from the kidney back into the blood stream,
less water is left for excretion together with plenty solutes such as sodium, potassium, carbon
dioxide and chloride thus production of more concentrated urine.
Production of the excess Antidiuretic hormone causes the walls of the collecting duct to
become more permeable, and a large amount of water is reabsorbed out of the blood plasma
(Picker, et, al., 2014). As a result, the blood sugar will reduce. In other words, the glucose
concentration in the blood will decrease below the normal range. The osmotic pressure of the
blood will, therefore, be lowered (Pu, 2015). As a result, the brain triggers the hypothalamus to

CONCEPT MAP 3
hinder the release of Antidiuretic hormone. The permeability of distal tubules will reduce, hence
minimizing the rate of water reabsorption. As a result, the concentration of the particles in the
urine will be low due to presence of excess water (Oh, & Shin, 2015). Thus a large amount of
dilute urine will be produced.
How Diabetes Insipidus Alters the Contents of Urine
Diabetes insipidus is a certain condition where much fluid is lost from the body through
urination leading to a high risk of dangerous dehydration (Kalra et, al., 2016). The
underproduction of Antidiuretic hormone results in diabetes insipidus condition which interferes
with urinary output. The condition is characterized by decreased production of antidiuretic
hormone from the pituitary gland. The patient’s body is forced to regulate the fluid by balancing
the intake of the liquid and removing extra fluid (Cuesta, et, al., 2015). The low levels of ADH
will act on the kidney to decrease luminal AQP2 which in tur decreases the rate of water
reabsorption. Lower water reabsorption in the kidney will consequently lead to secretion of large
amounts of water in the urine compared to the waste particles. The main sign of either kind of
diabetes is the production of excessive urine (Capatina, Paluzzi, Mitchell, & Karavitaki, 2015).
The low water reabsorption which is accompanies by excess dilute urine production will
ultimately lead to higher concentration of glucose in the blood. Due to the high concentration of
glucose in the blood, the individual undergo stress which includes dehydration that causes dry
mouth, thirst and fatigue. This kind of imbalance is also associated with the damage of the thirst
regulating mechanism in the hypothalamus (Bockenhauer, & Bichet, 2015). Therefore, the mind
has to implement mechanisms that will lead to regulation of the blood sugar level in the body.
However, because the ADH hormone which is supposed to limit the amount of water being
released from the body does not function effectively, other mechanisms have to be employed.