Concept of homeostasis in maintaining healthy function of body

Concept of Homeostasis P5 Explain concept of homeostasis 1 P6 Interpret collected data after standard period of exercise 3 M2 Discuss probable homeostasis response to change internal environment during exercise3 M3 Present data before and after standard period of exercise3 D2 Evaluate importance of homeostasis in maintaining healthy function of body6 CONCLUSION 7 REFERENCES 8 P5 Explain concept of homeostasis Introduction Homeostasis is concept of how body works with context to internal and external environment. It is necessary to maintain homeostasis so

Concept of
Homeostasis

Table of Contents
P5 Explain concept of homeostasis.............................................................................................1
P6 Interpret collected data after standard period of exercise.......................................................3
M2 Discuss probable homeostasis response to change internal environment during exercise. . .3
M3 Present data before and after standard period of exercise.....................................................3
D2 Evaluate importance of homeostasis in maintaining healthy function of body.....................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

P5 Explain concept of homeostasis
Introduction
Homeostasis is concept of how body works with context to internal and external
environment. It explains that how body parameters are maintained. Also, it shows what is
happening constantly within body. Homeostasis regulates an organism internal environment such
as temperature and PH (Gustafson and et.al., 2017). These changes when there is any change in
external conditions. Basically, there are 3 components of homeostasis. They are receptor,
effector and control centre. Receptor receives information from environment. They are the tissue
or nerve in system that reacts with change in condition. Then control centre process the
information. It is located within brain and effector acts on it. They are organs, heart, fluids, etc.
within body. It is necessary to maintain homeostasis so that balance is maintained within body.
The control mechanism of homeostasis process involves stimulus as input and response
as output. Besides this brain has major contribution in control mechanism of homeostasis.
Generally, control mechanism is called as feedback mechanism that are of two types positive and
negative (Turner, 2019). But in homeostasis negative feedback is applied to control. In negative
feedback all components play a vital role (Feedback mechanism. 2017). The receptors monitor
changes in external conditions. By this information is sent towards brain where control centres
identify changes. Then brain activates effectors to respond to that change. In this way negative
feedback works. Here, changes occurred in human body is automatically corrected and reverse
changes. This brings back body to normal. For example- if body temperature or insulin is too
high then negative feedback loop occurs that brings back it to normal.
Heart rate- The heart rate changes frequently in accordance to the availability of nutrients and
required building blocks to maintain homeostasis in a body (Chapelot and Charlot, 2018). For
instance, normal heart rate ranges between 60-100 beats per minute (bpm), but during the
instability in homeostasis, it may increase up to 55-85 % of the normal bpm and depends on age.
It may occur due to changes in external conditions while doing physical activity like exercising
or any internal changes due to an imbalance in the internal factors like blood pressure,
temperature etc. Here, the body experience uncertain changes in extreme ways. This is mostly
because the body requirements of oxygen increase. Thus, the heart rate has an effect in
increasing or decreasing order.
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It can be controlled by medulla by sending signals. So, the chemicals are released that
travel to sinus node. Then, acetylcholine is releases when we take rest. It helps in slowing heart
rate. This will help in reducing heart rate variability. With help of this, heart rate can be
controlled.
Breathing rate- With change in heart rate, breathing rate also changes in order to maintain the
speed and energetic demand of body. For instance – normal breathing rate ranges from 12-20
breathes per minute (bpm) but during homeostasis it may increase up to 40-50 (bpm). When
heart beasts fast or slow breathing rate also varies (Eskov and et.al., 2017). So, to fulfill the
extra oxygen requirement the inhaling and exhaling process changes. It may happen due to
change in external condition like exercising or any imbalance in internal body factors. Thus,
uncertain changes occur within body.
It can be regulated in similar way as heart rate. Here, after doing physical activity like
exercising breathing can be controlled by resting. Here, by continuous breathing and taking deep
breathes, breathing rate can be balanced.
Temperature – there occurs another internal change due to homeostasis process. In same way
like heart and breathing rate, temperature of body also experience changes. The normal
temperature is 37 degree Celsius but in homeostasis it ranges from 37-39. It may be due to
uncertain response from glands, organs, etc. Usually during any physical activity like exercise
body temperature rises. It may decrease as well due to change internal or external factors.
The body temperature is also controlled by brain. In brain thermoregulatory centre is
responsible for it. So, if there occurs any change thermoreceptors detect it. This results in
occurring of negative feedback. In this way body temperature is regulated.
Blood glucose – It also changes in homeostasis process. This occurs as body requires additional
glucose in order to fulfill needs (Kramer and Ackelsberg, 2016). The normal insulin range
between 75-95 mg\dl in human. But with uncertain changes in internal factors insulin rises or
gets low. It impacts pancreas and a different hormone is released known as glucagon. This helps
in maintaining insulin level. Generally, during any physical exercise insulin level varies.
Blood glucose can be controlled by homeostasis. The pancreas and liver store maintain
glucose level. In this islets langerhans cells are located which contain insulin and glucose. So, if
we eat anything then islets release glucose to enable storing of sugar. But when there is no
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physical activity information is send by receptors to reduce glucose production. In this way
blood glucose is controlled.
P6 Interpret collected data after standard period of exercise
In order to identify what internal changes occurs in body and how homeostasis process
helps in maintaining healthy functioning of body, a physical exercise activity was conducted. In
this students were to perform exercise of 5 -10 minutes. The data was collected for breathing and
heart rate and temperature of before and after exercise. By this it will be easy to identify what
homeostasis responses occur during exercise, what happens within body, etc. the time slot was
divided into 4 parts so that it is easy to record data.
M2 Discuss probable homeostasis response to change internal environment during exercise
There occur many responses with change internal environment. During exercise, body is
placed under high stress level. Due to this, imbalance occurs in body functions. It changes heart
rate, glucose level, body temperature, etc. the changes occurs because body requires more
oxygen. Hence, respiratory system responds by changing breathing rate. In addition to it,
cardiovascular system modifies heart rate and capillary beds to fulfil needs. Thus, in this case
blood pressure is around 120/80 mmhg.
There are some other changes as well that occurs while exercising. Here, breathing rate
increases with change in heart rate (Dickson, Erb-Downward and Huffnagle, 2015). The lungs
respond more quickly and breathing process becomes faster. Moreover, body temperature varies
due to sweating. It evaporates and lowers body temperature. The body generates a lot of heat and
becomes hot. There is increase in flow of blood. Furthermore, blood glucose level also rises
when exercising.
M3 Present data before and after standard period of exercise
While doing physical activity I observed students and record data before and after activity.
I played role of mentor where I guided students on how to do physical activity. Then, I gathered
data and analyzed it. It was easy for me to evaluate what role does homeostasis plays and what
internal changes occur within body. Also, I monitored overall physical activity. The data
gathered by me is as follows :-
Heart rate
Before activity After 5 minutes of
activity
After 10 minutes of
activity
5 minute after
activity complete
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72 (bpm) 110 (bpm) 160 (bpm) 80 (bpm)
From graph it can be analyzed that normal heart rate was 72 and it increases with time.
After 5 minutes it is 110 and 10 minutes is 160 bpm. So, the changes can be observed clearly. It
is because body requires more oxygen and energy. The muscles get strained and blood
circulation increases in entire body. The brain sends signals to respiratory system and force it to
increase intake of oxygen. In body the blood circulate more rapidly and continuously. The heart
pumps blood faster and quickly. But sometimes heart rate gets slow and person faints. It happens
when there is extreme pressure on heart.
Breathing rate
Before activity After 5 minutes of
activity
After 10 minutes of
activity
5 minute after
activity complete
15 (bpm) 17 (bpm) 25 (bpm) 18 (bpm)
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From above graph it can be evaluated that with rise in heart rate, breathing rate is
increasing as well. This is because of rise in flow of blood and additional requirement of oxygen.
It can be observed that after 5 minutes breathing rate is 17 bpm and after 10 it rises to 25 bpm.
This change occurs because body requires more oxygen to provide energy to muscles. Moreover,
the respiratory system works faster and there is rise in intake and release of oxygen. Also,
muscles break down happens within body. It gets expanded and multiplies. There is also more
production of glucose and sugar within body.
Temperature
Before activity After 5 minutes of
activity
After 10 minutes of
activity
5 minute after
activity complete
37 37.5 38 37.8
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The graph shows that body temperature rises slowly during exercise. After 10 minutes the
temperature is 38 degree Celsius. The reason behind this body starts releasing sweat. The
evaporation process occurs and it lowers down body temperature. After 10 minutes body
generates heat and it is thrown outside through sweat. So, there is imbalance in rate of heat loss.
The thermoreceptors react to it and body starts sweating. In order to maintain balance with
external conditions, brain releases chemicals and hormones.
Due to decreases in energy level body becomes weak. The water level decreases by
which brain sends signal to take rest. Moreover, with release of sweat stamina decreases. With
rise in temperature body is unable to respond to change. It can also lead to frustration or stress
among person.
D2 Evaluate importance of homeostasis in maintaining healthy function of body
It is very important to maintain balance between body functions. Homeostasis helps in
maintaining internal balance in human body so that it is adjustable to external conditions. For
instance- humans are unable to maintain body temperature in extreme cold. In this case they
depend on external factors like sunshine.
In similar way, while exercising body releases sweat, so there is decrease in water level
within body. In order to maintain this, ATP is produced from glucose. This forces respiratory
system to breathe faster (Stahl and Raposo, 2019). However, there is more release of oxygen
and with it heart rate also increases. By this there is rise in blood circulation within body. In this
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way body is able to maintain temperature. But if body gets warm homeostasis occurs. Here,
vasodilatation process occurs and body is cooled down. The body requires glucose to carry out
metabolism process. It enables in maintaining insulin level. Alongside it, homeostasis helps in
controlling breathing rate. It is useful in supplying stamina and energy to release carbon di oxide.
It supports cells in performing their work. In homeostasis medulla helps in controlling heart rate.
For example – if there is lack of oxygen in body then medulla forces heart to work faster. Thus,
the oxygen is supplied quickly into entire body.
CONCLUSION
It can be summarised that that homeostasis helps in maintaining balance within internal
factors of body. The brain plays important role in control mechanism. Usually, if there is any
change in external factors, homeostasis occurs and internal functions of body is imbalance. It
changes heart and breathing rate, temperature and glucose. The homeostasis responses occurred
during exercise is increase in heart rate, temperature, etc. Moreover, insulin level imbalances
within body. In homeostasis, ATP is produced from glucose it helps is increasing breathing rate
to fulfil oxygen. Similarly, the process helps in controlling breathing rate by supplying energy to
cells. The medulla is used to control heart rate.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Chapelot, D. and Charlot, K., 2018. Physiology of energy homeostasis: models, actors,
challenges and the glucoadipostatic loop. Metabolism.
Dickson, R.P., Erb-Downward, J.R. and Huffnagle, G.B., 2015. Homeostasis and its disruption
in the lung microbiome. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular
Physiology, 309(10), pp.L1047-L1055.
Eskov, V.M. and et.al., 2017. The Evolution of the idea of homeostasis: Determinism,
stochastics, and chaos–self-organization. Biophysics. 62(5). pp.809-820.
Gustafson, C.E. and et.al., 2017. Age, T Cell Homeostasis, and T Cell Diversity in
Humans. Handbook of Immunosenescence: Basic Understanding and Clinical
Implications, pp.1-20.
Kramer, E.M. and Ackelsberg, E.M., 2016. Do vacuoles obscure the evidence for auxin
homeostasis?. Molecular plant. 9(1). pp.4-6.
Stahl, P.D. and Raposo, G., 2019. Extracellular vesicles: exosomes and microvesicles,
integrators of homeostasis. Physiology. 34(3). pp.169-177.
Turner, J.S., 2019. Homeostasis as a fundamental principle for a coherent theory of
brains. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374(1774), p.20180373.
Online
Feedback mechanism. 2017. [online] Available through : <
https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/feedback-mechanism-negative-feedback-and-
positive-feedback/ >
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