Concept of Inherited Diseases - Assignment

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Added on 2020-10-05

Concept of Inherited Diseases - Assignment

Added on 2020-10-05

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Inherited Diseases

ContentsINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................31.1 Describe the roles of DNA, mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes in protein synthesis..............31.2 Evaluate the effects of point mutation..............................................................................42.1 Explain the inheritance of phenylketoneuria....................................................................52.2 Describe the inheritance of gender and explain inheritance of sex-linked condition.......52.3 Explain the role of chromosomal abnormalities in inheritance of Down's syndrome......63.1 Describe process of genetic screening..............................................................................73.2 Describe the application of DNA recombinant technology in treatment of a named medicalcondition.................................................................................................................................83.3 Describe moral and ethical issues raised by DNA recombinant technology....................9REFRENCES ................................................................................................................................10

Concept of Inherited Diseases - Assignment_2

INTRODUCTIONDiseases which are caused by genetics i.e. transferred from parent’s genes to theirofferings are known as inherited diseases. It includes diabetes, haemophilia, breast cancer, sicklecells and more, which either effect whole or a part of body due to changes in DNA (Catalanotto,Cogoni and Zardo, 2016). The present assignment describes concept of inherited diseases, thatincludes effect of mutation on human body. Here, roles of DNA and RNA in developing proteinsynthesis, inheritance of gender, role of chromosomal abnormalities and more are also explainedin brief. Furthermore, to treat the inherited diseases, procedure and importance of DNArecombinant technology, including moral and ethical issues of same, are described. 1.1 Describe the roles of DNA, mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes in protein synthesisDNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid which is the genomic material, found in cells andcontains genetic information. It is mainly used in the development as well as functioning of allparts of body that known as living organisms (Radhakrishnan and Green, 2016). DNA, RNA andproteins, are the three main macromolecules which are essential for necessity of life. Both DNAand RNA (ribonucleic acid) are made up of nucleosides that consider as most essential part ofprotein synthesis. There, in the formation of protein synthesis, the term DNA, mRNA(messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA) and ribosomes are play an important role in livingbodies. In the process of protein synthesis, procedure is mainly divided into two major steps thatare- transcription and translation. Here, transcription refers to a process that involves synthesis of mRNA, according to theinformation on DNA’s template strand, which further helps in synthesis of protein, duringtranslation (Pollard and et. al., 2016). In context with Ribosomes, they are naked granules whichare found scattered within cytoplasm and made up by two subunits (one is larger and another oneis smaller). Under this process, mRNA then attached to one of its subunit in the sites of proteinsynthesis, which refers to initiative step of formation of protein synthesis. As m-RNA comes outof nucleus therefore, played a major role in protein synthesis (Devineau and et. al., 2016).Further process is carried out by t-RNA, which are defined as small molecules that made up of

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Concept of Inherited Diseases - Assignment