Concepts of Nursing Metaparadigm

This article explores the four basic concepts of nursing metaparadigm - person, environment, health, and nursing. It explains how they are connected to nursing and their importance in providing comprehensive care. The article also discusses the person-centered care nursing theory and the role of nurses in promoting the well-being of patients.

Running head: CONCEPTS OF NURSING METAPARADIGM
CONCEPTS OF NURSING METAPARADIGM
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CONCEPTS OF NURSING METAPARADIGM
Introduction:
A metaparadigm can be considered as the set of theories or ideas that can successfully
provide the structure about how a discipline should function. In the case of nursing discipline,
the theories would comprise of four basic concepts. Such concepts would be addressing the
patient as the whole as well as the health and well-being of the patient and even the patient’s
environments and nursing responsibilities. Studies are of the opinion that although there are
many different types of nursing theories, particularly these four basic nursing metaparadigm
mainly refers to the holistic view of care where the well being as well as medical health of the
person is found to be connected to four interactive compounds (Alligood, 2017).
Person component and its connection to nursing:
The person component of that of the nursing metaparadigm mainly helps to focus on the
individual who is receiving the care. This component encompasses important aspects like the
spirituality of the person along with its culture, family as well as friends and even their
socioeconomic status. The premise is that the person should be empowered in ways by which he
or she can manage his own health as well as well-being with not only dignity but also with self-
preservation and even that of with positive personal connections. In the theory of person
centered care, the concept of “person” is given special attention. Here, patients are made the
centre of the decision making and full freedom is given to them to take decisions about their own
healthcare. Nursing professionals have the duty of promoting the practice of satisfying the
human needs through sufficient high quality and safe care (Jairath et al., 2018). Nursing
professionals need to be aware that every person has their own unique as well as unpredictable
sets of needs and therefore, it is imperative for them to accept and honor the needs of the person

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regardless of their customs, wishes, and beliefs. They need to undertake a holistic approach of
care for every person that would focus on the mind, body and soul so as to ensure comprehensive
care for the persons ensuring better quality lives.
Environment component and its connection to nursing:
This aspect of metaparadigm is mainly seen to focus on the surroundings that actually
affect the patient. Studies opine that such environment can be comprised of both internal as well
as external influences (Bender, 2018). It also contends that the ways an individual is seen to
continuously interact with her surroundings have a bearing on wellness and health. Studies have
also opined that interaction with friends, realtives, family; and other people are also the
component of the environment as that of the social factors, physical, geographic locations,
culture, economic conditions, connections and others (Nikfraid et al., 2018). In such arenas, the
nursing professionals have the scope to assess and modify the various factors of the environment
for improving the health status of the patients. In the person centered care nursing theory,
professionals often need to take the responsibility of developing an environment where patient
feels accepted and not judged at all. The environment should be such that the patient feels
empowered and feel that they have the ability to care about themselves. When patients are
admitted to healthcare centers, they may remain anxious because of being in a foreign
environment which is not their homes. Nurses have the duty of making patients feel comfortable
in the new environment ensuring that they feel more safe and comfortable with lessened noise
and this helps in releasing anxiety and stress. Nurses also need to be well aware of the social and
economic determinants of health like poor and overcrowded housing, socially excluded living
places, houses being in remote areas, unhygienic sanitation and many others and address them
sufficiently so that patients can live in healthy environments.

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Health component and its connection to nursing:
The health component is one of the four meta-paradigms that refer to the extent of the
wellness as well as the health care access that the patients have. Health and wellness are mainly
seen to cover the lifespan and genetic makeup of the person and the ways physical, intellectual,
social, emotional, and spiritual well-being get integrated in the healthcare for maximum health
benefits. Studies are of the opinion that in order for the healing to be effective, nurses should
ensure that the patients have complete balance of their physical, cognitive and spiritual self. In
patient centered care, nurses have the foremost priority of ensuring a better quality life where
the patient would experience not only effective physical health, but also effective mental and
emotional health. Nurses also need to ensure that each of the components needs to be unified as
well as functioning at their highest capacities to achieve health. Nursing assessment is extremely
important to ensure best health of service users that depend on their individual needs in order to
maintain optimal health. It has been found that even if the patient has a physically fit health; it
cannot ensure that the health of the patient is fully achieved (Deliktas et al., 2019). Besides
caring for the physical health, nurses also need to ensure holistic health of the patient where they
would need to apply interventions that will ensure social and emotional well-being along with
positive mental health.
Nursing component and its connection to nursing:
This component of the metaparadigm is mainly seen to involve the delivery of the
optimal health outcomes of the patient through the mutual relationship with that of the safe and
caring environment. The nursing component is mainly seen to apply the principles of skills,
technology, knowledge, collaborations, professional judgment and communication for carrying

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out duties and responsibilities for best possible outcomes for patients. This component is mainly
seen to value a high degree of services and also integrates the other components of
metaparadigm for the well-being of the patient. In person-centered care, nurses need to develop
therapeutic relationship with patients based on respects, trusts, dignity and empathy and also
engage in effective communication with patients as this helps in increasing patient bonding and
patient satisfaction. This in turn makes the patients feel empowered for which they adhere with
the treatment proposed by nurses (Bender & Feldman, 2015). Establishing relationships can help
the nurses in gaining more information about the patient that promotes better healing. It is also
important for the nurses in educating patients about the ways for promoting their health
behaviors and lifestyle choices that ensure better quality health. Nurses also should continue
evidence based practices, reflection based development of skills and knowledge can engage in
continuous professional development so that bets quality care can be provided to patients.
Conclusion:
Nurses need to develop knowledge about the four metaparadigm like person, health,
environment and nursing so that they can provide comprehensive holistic care that meets all
needs of patients.

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References:
Alligood, M. R. (2017). Nursing theorists and their work. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Bender, M. (2018). Re‐conceptualizing the nursing metaparadigm: Articulating the philosophical
ontology of the nursing discipline that orients inquiry and practice. Nursing
inquiry, 25(3), e12243.
Bender, M., & Feldman, M. S. (2015). A practice theory approach to understanding the
interdependency of nursing practice and the environment. Advances in Nursing
Science, 38(2), 96-109.
Deliktas, A., Korukcu, O., Aydin, R., & Kabukcuoglu, K. (2019). Nursing Students' Perceptions
of Nursing Metaparadigms: A Phenomenological Study. The journal of nursing research:
JNR.
Jairath, N. N., Peden-McAlpine, C. J., Sullivan, M. C., Vessey, J. A., & Henly, S. J. (2018).
Theory and Theorizing in Nursing Science: Commentary from the Nursing Research
Special Issue Editorial Team. Nursing research, 67(2), 188-195.
Nikfarid, L., Hekmat, N., Vedad, A., & Rajabi, A. (2018). The main nursing metaparadigm
concepts in human caring theory and Persian mysticism: a comparative study. Journal of
medical ethics and history of medicine, 11.