Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment Plant
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Added on 2019-11-26
Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Added on 2019-11-26
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Running Head: Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment PlantCONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF A WASTEWATER TREATMENTPLANT
2Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment PlantTable of ContentsSummary..........................................................................................................................................3Objectives of the project..............................................................................................................3Background Information..............................................................................................................3Design Tasks................................................................................................................................3Design Data.....................................................................................................................................4Design Flow.................................................................................................................................4Amount of the Inflowing Water...............................................................................................4Raw Wastewater Quality..........................................................................................................5Receiving Water Body’s water quality requirements and effluents limits...............................5Rate of Pollutant Removal and Effluent Discharge Scheme....................................................6Design of State-of-art......................................................................................................................6Sewage Treatment in a Sludge Digestion Tank...........................................................................9Design and Sizes of Facility Components.....................................................................................10Storage Pool Design of Preliminary Treatment.........................................................................10Screen chamber design for preliminary treatment.....................................................................10Grit Chamber’s Design for Preliminary Treatment...................................................................11Sedimentation Tank Design for Primary Treatment..................................................................11Activated Sludge System for Secondary Treatment..................................................................13Aeration Tank Design Specifications........................................................................................13Secondary Clarifier Design........................................................................................................13Secondary Design Summary......................................................................................................14Tertiary Stage Chlorination Design Tank Specification............................................................14Main Equipment............................................................................................................................14
3Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment PlantNecessary Equipments for Preliminary Treatment....................................................................14Equipment for Primary Treatment.............................................................................................14Equipment for Secondary Treatment.........................................................................................14Equipment for Tertiary Treatment.............................................................................................14Estimation of Capital Cost and Operational Cost..........................................................................14Layout of Treatment Plant.............................................................................................................15Reference List................................................................................................................................17Appendices....................................................................................................................................21
4Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment PlantSummaryThe prime aim of this report is to present a conceptual design of a waste water treatment plantthat is to be used for the treatment of wasted water in a small town of Bangkok city and make itless harmful for further processing or dumping processes. The design project has included thedifferent technical details of the treatment plant construction like hydraulic designs, massbalance designs, treatment unit designs and every other single unit and individual design.Objectives of the projecta.To design and develop as well as implement necessary design measures to fulfil therequirements of waste water treatment along with the optimization of the treatmentoperations.b.To implement both methods of feasible hydraulic analysis or calculations andenvironmental sciences fundamentals for the formulation of efficient solutions to developthe works related to water treatment.Background InformationThere is a necessity to construct a Wastewater Treatment Plant that can be utilized to servearound 20,000 people in an organised manner in a small town of Bangkok. The site that has beenchosen for the construction of this water treatment plant is a flat land and its level isapproximately 3 meters above compared to the nearest river’s water level that is located about500 meters away from the site. However, compared to the sea level of which the nearest point islocated approximately 5 km away is approximately 5 meters high. The wastewater collectionsystem need not be considered by the designer but it needs to be assumed that the level ofincoming water is about 1.5 meters lower than the surface of ground.Design Tasks(1)Determination of data related to the design that includes the factors like incoming flow,quality and quantity of incoming water along with the effluent limits.(2)Design of Process that includes the design of every individual unit to be used in treatmentlike various biological, chemical and physical processes.
5Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment Plant(3)Mass balance to be maintained inside the Treatment Plant that consists of the balancerelated to Flow rate, SS and BOD and certain other terms.(4)Technical details related to the functioning and measurement descriptions of pipes,pumps, gateways, storages, gateways, feeding chemicals and oxygen transferring devices.(5)Design related to the effluent discharge of incoming as well as outgoing water to andfrom the water treatment tank.(6)Cost calculations related to every aspect starting from the construction of wastewatertreatment plant to its proper functioning and maintenance.Design DataThe location of the proposed Wastewater Treatment plant is at a small town located at theoutskirts of Bangkok. The rate of increase in the population in this area is 1.3% every year. Theestimated service life of the water treatment plant has been assumed to be about 20 years. As pera survey conducted by the Public Works Department of this area, it was found that a person inthis area uses 420 litres of water every day on an average. It is evident that the population of thisarea is likely to increase by the end of the service life of this location and the population mightstand at near about 26,000.Design FlowThe projections for designed flow have been made keeping in mind the annual rate of populationincrease at 1.3% from the year 2017 to the year 2037.Amount of the Inflowing WaterThe approximate value of the amount of water that will be flowing to the wastewater treatmentplant is estimated to be approximately 10.33x103 m3 per day. The calculation has been made byconsidering the worst-case scenario by taking the conversion factor as 0.95 and the followingequation has been considered for this purpose.
6Conceptual Design of a Wastewater Treatment PlantOn the basis of the amount of the water that will inflow in the treatment plant, there will be arequirement of preliminary treatment for wastewater of the volume 10.33x103 m3/day. However,low cost methods can be considered of the amount of water flow is less than the estimated valuementioned above as there will be no need to use the preliminary treatment for cleaning purposein Bangkok.Raw Wastewater QualityFor the determining purpose of water concentration and quality, US standards for Concentrationlevels have been used by the engineers that are involved in development of the wastewatertreatment plant (Saggaï et al. 2017). This has been done considering the fact that the people ofBangkok are likely to produce some very strong sanitary that might lead to the need of idealoperation for the long run. Following is the concentration chart.ParameterConcentration in milligrams per litreWeak SanitaryMediumSanitaryStrong SanitarySeptagePhosphorous (P)3716240Grease and Oil18Nitrogen (N)244680820BiochemicalOxygen Demandor BOD51002303805,900Solid Suspendedor SS15023040016,000Total Solid of TS27753187624,860Table 1: US Standards for Concentration levels in wastewater(Source: Chouari et al. 2017)Receiving Water Body’s water quality requirements and effluents limitsIt is very important to treat the parameter requirements of the concentration till the time itreaches within the considerable ranges of the desired values in accordance to the guidelines ofeffluent standards that have been recommended for the direct discharge purpose in the openenvironment (Matamoros, Rodríguez & Bayona, 2017). Details have been shown in the tablebelow.
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