Concussion Management in Children and Adults: Is There a Difference?

Running head: British Journal Sports Medicine 1
Critical Review
According to British Journal Sports Medicine

British Journal Sports Medicine 2
Question: “Concussion management in children compared to adults: is there a difference?”
Introduction
Concussion occurs when a powerful motion of the head results in a transient alternation of
mental status of physiological function of the brain. It has been found that the rates of hospital
admission and ED visits for head injuries are higher in child population in comparison of among
adults. Mild Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), involving concussive injuries which comprises
approximately 90% of all child and adolescent TBI. There are some common diseases have been
found in a concussive injury such as nuisance, faintness, nausea, excessive exhaustion and
destruction in attention and processing speed which is considered as common. These issues or
disease can be resolved easily within 7-10 days and in case of children and adolescent it can be
resolved within 4-7 days. Post concussive symptoms are likely to obstruct skill critical for giving
best in day to day activities (Lovell and Fazio, 2008). It has been analyzed that due to these
injuries number of young people enhancing deficits out coming in an inability to involve
efficiently in social as well as academic activities. In children and young people, post concussive
symptoms influence between 6% and 35% of young people until 3 months post concussion and it
can be reduced to 1% by 1 year. Children and adults with concussion may have a prolonged
recovery. After 3 months post injury, children and adolescent majorly 0 to 18 years with
concussion are symptomatic compared with 0.5% of controls.
Concussion management in sports activity
Sports have become a vital and it plays a great role of in the life as it keeps healthy,
wealthy and active. It provides so many benefits to the health such as control blood sugar, blood
pressure, stress levels, lower hyper tension; improve blood circulation and efficient functioning

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of the heart. There are numerous sports in all over the world in which various athlete participate
to represent their country (McLeod and Gioia, 2010). Now a day’s government has started to
encourage student and athlete to participate in Olympics to represent the country because it
enhances the dignity of the particular country. Every coin has two aspects and in case of
participating in sports, athlete may get injured. There are archery, badminton, basketball, beach
volleyball, kayak, climbing, wrestling, baseball and many more. Talavage, et. al., (2014), argued
that Concussion is a brain injury caused by the below to a head or can be considered as the
violent shaking of the body and the head. It may influence the brain function. However, the
effects of concussion are generally normal and provide outcomes in the form of headache and
issues with concentration, memory issues and balance. The concussion is usually caused by a
lower to the head. It is vital to keep focus on the prevention of injury (Small, Naughton and
Matthews, 2008). Prevention can be categorized into medical screening of athletes, stretching,
proactive, suitable equipment, sports psychology, sports psychology, adequate recovery and
nutrition and fluids for sport. The main symptoms of concussion (a temporary misbalance in the
function of brain as a result of trauma) are headache, dizziness, memory disturbance, seeing stars
and balance issue. It has been found that there are so many athletes in the world who has faced
the issue of this trauma and met with a major accident. Some of them are died that is why it is
vital for the government of the country to trained athlete in an efficient manner so that they can
prevent themselves from hazardous situation.
Critical review on concussion management
It has been evaluated by the Reddy and Collins, (2009), that sudden death in young viable
athletes is highly visible incident with extensive influence on the physicians and lay
communities. The scale of this issue regarding public has become a source of controversy. The

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methods and result has been drawn from various methodologies and methods. To guesstimate the
approx number of sudden death in US competitive athletes, it has been assembled a huge register
over a 27 year period utilizing for the recognition of systematic and the tracking strategies. It has
been found by this strategy that more than 1800 athletes died sudden whose age between 19 and
5 years, were recognized throughout the US from 1980 to 2006 in 38 diverse sports. There are
some examples which is highlighted the sudden death of the athlete due to concussion. It defines
that the symptom of cognitive resolve gradually rate than substantial symptoms with issues in
attention, executive skills and processing speed up to 3 months post-injury. There are so many
theories but it is not possible to every theory to measure the issue regarding brain injury (Lynall,
et. al., 2013). Many studies can be utilized pen and papers to evaluate the neurobehavioral
measures which are not prepared for sequential utilize to identify the consistent challenges in the
presentation. The symptoms of behavioral and somatic that is headache can be examined with
the help of rating scales with revival overall same to that reported on direct cognitive assessment.
On the other hand it has been argued by Harriss and Atkinson, (2009), that recent studies belief
in to recognize clinical predictors of persisting post concussive symptoms searching are defining
the difference in the definition of concussion along with the constitutes persisting symptoms and
heterogeneous. It has been analyzed that the players who are ready to play in the similar season
after diagnosing concussion had a huge chance of greater risk of time loss injury. An extensive
fraction of players informed repetition of symptoms to meet the test of neurocognitive test score.
Examples of athletes
It has been critically analyzed that concussion can hamper the life of the athletes, there
are some illustrations of athletes with different sports which will be helpful to understand the
impact of concussion on the playing life of athletes.