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Construction Assignment | Use of Polymers
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Added on 2020-05-11
Construction Assignment | Use of Polymers
Added on 2020-05-11
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The Use of Polymers in Road Construction 1A RESEARCH PAPER ON THE USE OF POLYMERS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTIONA Research Paper on Polymers ByStudent’s NameName of the ProfessorInstitutional AffiliationCity/StateYear/Month/Day
The Use of Polymers in Road Construction 2Contents1.0 Introduction:..........................................................................................................................................21.1 Background research about types of polymers used in road construction..........................................31.2 Background study on Bitumen...........................................................................................................32.0 Types of polymers.................................................................................................................................32.1 Thermoplastic elastomers..................................................................................................................32.2 Thermoplastic polymers....................................................................................................................42.3 Thermosetting polymers....................................................................................................................43.0 Literature review:..................................................................................................................................53.1Thermoplastic elastomers............................................................................................................53.1.2Styrene–butadiene–rubber (SBR)...............................................................................................73.1.3 Styrene Isoprene styrene.............................................................................................................83.1.4 Natural rubber.............................................................................................................................83.2Thermoplastic polymers:.............................................................................................................93.2.1Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)....................................................................................................93.2.2 Polypropylene...........................................................................................................................103.2.3 Polyethylene (PE).....................................................................................................................113.2.4 Polyvinyl Chloride: -................................................................................................................123.3Thermosetting polymers:...........................................................................................................133.4 Application of polymers..................................................................................................................154.1 Summary table;................................................................................................................................164.2 Matrix table.....................................................................................................................................175.0 Conclusion and Recommendations......................................................................................................18References:................................................................................................................................................19
The Use of Polymers in Road Construction 31.0 Introduction: Engineers and scientists are looking for the methods to improve the road performance. For strongand rigid roads concrete is used and bitumen is used in the flexible roads. The steady traffic increase in terms of the vehicles for commerce and variation of the seasonal and daily temperatures demand the improved characteristics of the roads and the improvement of the of thebinder properties. In the flexible roads constructions, bitumen plays an important role of the binding the aggregated by coating over the aggregates. It helps in improving the road strength through its water resistance is very poor. The common method that can be used to improve the quality of the bitumen is through modifying it through blending it with organic and synthetic polymers like plastics and rubbers.Polymer modified bitumen is emerging as the important construction material for the roads and have advantages like being a pollution menace and this process help solve the pollution because most of the plastic wastes are polymers. Extensive research is being done in recent decades on usage of polymers in road construction due to ever-increasing traffic conditions and failure of conventional road materials due to high traffic density and in extreme weather conditions Polymers can be directly mixed with the existing materials present at the site during the road construction to stabilize these roads. These polymers can also be used to improve the properties of bitumen or aggregates used in asphalt road construction 1.1 Background research about types of polymers used in road construction Elastomers is one of the most common polymers used in asphalt road products around the world Most common elastomers include synthetic thermoplastic rubber polymers, such as SBS, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene ethylene butadiene styrene (SEBS) and polybutadiene rubber (PB).Reclaimed tyre rubber is used to improve deformation resistance Sulphur and thermoplastic polymers are used to the workability and deformation resistance of the asphaltThermoplastic elastomers improve setting systems fatigue characteristics overall health and resistance of the product1.2 Background study on BitumenPolymers can be used to improve the properties of bitumen, aggregates and to strengthen the subsurface layers of the roads For this research, we are going to look at polymer usage in bitumen modification Bitumen is a by-product of petroleum. It is mainly used as the binder for aggregates in road construction because it is durable and is hoped. It is a soft and thermoplastic material and the viscosity is directly proportional to the temperature. It is available almost throughout the world and is economicalUse of bitumen for various purposes dates to ancient civilizations and is also described as "mankind's oldest engineering material" but increase in usage and production of the commercial
The Use of Polymers in Road Construction 4was not found until the early 19th century. Demand for bitumen increased drastically due to the production of motorized vehicles. Today bitumen is used almost for all the major road constructions around the world. Urbanization, demand, Rapid development and the ever-increasing traffic conditions lead failure of bitumen in many aspects. This paved the way for bitumen modification,In consideration of increased traffic loads and in order to improve pavement performance, polymer-modified asphalts (PMA) have been developed during the last few decade[ CITATION Hie17 \l 1033 ]2.0 Types of polymers 2.1 Thermoplastic elastomersStyrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS)Styrene–butadiene–rubber (SBR) Styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS) Styrene–ethylene–butadiene–styrene (SEBS)Ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM)Isobutene–isoprene copolymer (IIR) Natural rubberCrumb tyre rubber Polybutadiene (PBD) Polyisoprene 2.2 Thermoplastic polymers Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) Ethylene methyl acrylate (EMA) Ethylene butyl acrylate (EBA) Atactic polypropylene (APP) Polyethylene (PE) Polypropylene (PP) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polystyrene (PS)2.3 Thermosetting polymers Epoxy resin Polyurethane resin Acrylic resin Phenolic resinSome of the properties improved by using the above additives in bitumen mixes areSetting timeDurability Elasticity Fatigue
The Use of Polymers in Road Construction 5Resistance to deformation etc Polymer coated aggregate (PCA) is also another type of polymer used in road construction wherethe aggregates are coated with polymers to increase their binding property.
The Use of Polymers in Road Construction 63.0 Literature review:The two main types of polymers used in bitumen modification are plastometers and thermoplastic plastometers. During the last 40 years, more and more researchers began to concentrate on polymer modification of bitumen and a rapidly increasing number of research articles have been published since the 1970s. In these, the various investigated polymers included elastomers (e.g. polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene–butyl acrylate (EBA)) and thermoplastic elastomers (e.g. styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), styrene–isoprene–styrene (SIS), and styrene–ethylene/butylene–styrene (SEBS))These Polymers were reported to lead to some improved properties of bitumen, such as higher stiffness at high temperatures, higher cracking resistance at low temperatures, better moisture resistance or longer fatigue life[ CITATION Leo16 \l 1033 ]Along with the advantages of Polymer modified bitumen researchers also found many disadvantages and drawbacks in using polymers for bitumen modification including high cost, some PMBs' high-temperature sensitivity, low ageing resistance, poor storage stability and the limited improvement in elasticity. In this, the combination of bitumen oxidation and polymer degradation was reported to cause polymer modified bitumen's ageing propensity [ CITATION Gün12 \l 1033 ] which seems especially challenging for some unsaturated polymers, e.g. SBS. Other defects such as poor storage stability, the effect of chemical structure and reactivity of polymers on compatibility with bitumen, were also discovered. Et Burak Sengoz published in his paper about Construction and Building materials on September2008. In his has, he presented a laboratory study about the modified bitumen when mixed withStyrene butadiene styrene (SBS) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). A 50/70 proportion ofbitumen was mixed with SBS and EVA. Also, the mechanical properties were studied about thehot-mix asphalt (HMA) including the base bitumen. The results showed that the properties ofmodified bitumen's and also the mechanical properties change as per the type of polymer and itscontent. When the proportion of polymer was low, the sample showed the existence of dispersedpolymer particles in a continuous bitumen phase. Whereas, at higher proportions of the polymera continuous phase polymer phase was observed. The paper concluded saying that the use ofSBS and EVA in the bitumen improves the properties of the bitumen such as; penetration,softening point, temperature susceptibility, etc. It was also concluded that the mechanicalproperties of HMA prepared with the SBS PMB samples such as Marshall Stability wereenhanced with the increasing polymer contents[ CITATION Rob10 \l 1033 ]3.1Thermoplastic elastomers Is referred to thermoplastic rubbers and is a class of copolymers where rubber mix physically with plastic and consist of materials both elastomeric and thermoplastic properties. Thermoplastic is easily used in injection moulding and show benefits of both material soft plasticand rubber. The benefit of using thermoplastic elastomers is its stretching ability to moderate
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