Construction Industry Report

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
LO1 Describe the construction industry with reference to company structures and other
activities...........................................................................................................................................3
P1 Explain how the construction industry has developed and encompassed professionalism
within its structures......................................................................................................................3
P2 Demonstrate the scope and linkage between all parties within a construction organization. 4
P3Identify the type of contractual work tendered by contractors................................................6
LO2 Explain different types of construction companies in the market and their relationships
within the tendering process............................................................................................................7
P4 Identify the different types of construction companies in the market....................................7
P5 Explain the relationship between different construction organizations.................................8
LO3 Discuss the key stages in a construction project, and how Building Information Modelling
informs the different stages.............................................................................................................9
P6 Identify, with examples, modern construction processes and sequences used within today’s
industry, highlighting the way they respond to sustainability needs...........................................9
P7 Explain contract planning techniques used within micro and macro projects.....................11
P8 Identify where BIM impacts upon operations and construction companies........................12
LO4 Analyse how the construction industry has developed suitable collaboration strategies in
support of greater recognition of health & safety..........................................................................13
P9 Explain how health & safety has now become an integrated part of the construction
process.......................................................................................................................................13
P10 Describe the government legislation which has benchmarked health & safety within
construction................................................................................................................................13
P11 Discuss the role of collaboration and communication in ensuring safe working practices.
...................................................................................................................................................14
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15
References......................................................................................................................................16

List of figures
Figure 1: Simple example of parties in construction.......................................................................6
Figure 2: Precast Flat Panel System (Source: Metromont, 2016).................................................10
Figure 3: 3D Volumetric Modules (Source: Chapmantaylor, 2018).............................................11
Figure 4: Twin Wall Technology (Source: Keeganprecast, 2019)................................................12

Introduction
In this report, construction industry which deals with various construction activities, projects,
building and structures has been discussed to improve the knowledge and awareness about
construction industry, process, operation and different rules and regulations designed for the
execution of construction process and plan in proper managed way with the help of an example
of renovation of old furniture company into new Junior school building. Different techniques and
contracts available in construction industries have been discussed in this report.
The main aim of this report is to provide knowledge and awareness about the construction
industry and their working process as well as different organizations involved in the
construction.

LO1 Describe the construction industry with reference to company structures
and other activities.
P1 Explain how the construction industry has developed and encompassed
professionalism within its structures.
Construction industry plays an important role in the development of an industry, different public
as well as government sectors and infrastructures of the country. In other words, it helps in
economic growth of industries as well as the country and also provides various employment
opportunities. It consists of various activities such as the construction of buildings, roads, and
various engineering projects. It involves different sectors which are categories into three major
sectors.
 Construction sector
 Engineering sector
 Trade sector
History and development of the construction industry: Evolution of construction was done
from ancient times when different structures were made by the human being with the help
natural resources. With the change in time, different techniques and researches were introduced
for the construction. As a result, the construction industry evolved as one of the largest
developing industry for the growth of any country by the development of roads, structures,
buildings, etc.
From last 20 years, it plays an important role in the revolutionary change of growth and economy
of the various countries with the development of various tools, machines as well as techniques
which attract a large number of companies and industries to invest their capital in the field of
construction resulting in the development of various construction industries.
Professionalism in the construction industry: Professionalism means unique & expert
knowledge and good qualification in a particular field (Fellows 2003). Involvement of
professionalism in the construction industries plays an important role in the development of
various construction activities and large projects. It helps in proper management and

development of the projects. The three major professionals involved in the construction industry
are given below.
Architect: It includes different professionals with expert knowledge and various ideas to
generate basis structure and design of the school building and different facility areas.
Engineer: It includes different branches of engineering such as soil engineering, civil
engineering, etc. to construct the best building for the school taking care of all the safety majors.
Quantity Surveyor: It includes different professionals to check the quality of work, planning,
and construction in order to avoid different risks and correct the defaults.
All these three professionals help in the best planning and development of the various
construction activities including different steps to check the quality of construction and avoid
major risks during construction.
P2 Demonstrate the scope and linkage between all parties within a construction
organization.
Construction industry consists of various parties for the construction of any building or the
project. All these parties are correlated with each other’s starting from the initialization of the
project to the finalization of the project with the help of various qualified professionals and
expert knowledge (Anyanwu 2013). Different parties involved in the construction of a school
building is explained below.
 Owner
 Authorities
 Project manager
 Consultant and engineers
 Contractor or builder
 Supplier
 The Surveyor
Role of different parties involved in construction is given below.

Owner: It is also known as the client for whom project will be developed and designed. It is the
main operator of the project which helps in planning and finance of the project.
Authorities: Their main role is to create the proper documentation and approvals from different
departments in order to build the school building in the locality and the land with proper steps to
avoid any damage and risks for the natural environment as well as human being.
Project manager: A project manager must be highly qualified and knowledgeable to manage
the whole project, inspects materials supplied, quality of the materials in use, to watch various
works and the workers working on the site and the structure of the school building.
Consultant and engineers: It includes both consultant and engineering works related with the
school building such as electrical engineers, soil engineers, civil engineers, etc. who use their
knowledge to help with the best design of school building and other structures of the building
including the overall cost estimation.
Contractor or builder: It is also an important part of the construction as all the physical
constructions of the school building are done by the builder.
Supplier: Different suppliers play an important role in the construction of the school building by
supplying construction materials, electrical materials, furniture, etc.
The Surveyor: It helps in the surveying of the whole project and construction of building at
different stages such as bill generation, quality of materials, quality of work, correct
measurements and others works. It helps in the analysis of the commercial and economic value
of the project or the school building before and after completion of the work (Anyanwu 2013).

Figure 1: Simple example of parties in construction
P3Identify the type of contractual work tendered by contractors.
Tender: The word render means an offer for work or any project at a price. The process of
tendering in construction means to offer the construction work to various contractors at a price in
order to estimate the overall cost of the project. It can be done in-between various contractors,
suppliers to supply different materials required for the construction and consultants (C. Patilp, P.
Waghmarep & Gawande 2016). Different type of tenders used in construction is given below.
 Open tender
 Selective tender
 Two Stage Selective Tender
 Negotiation Tender
 Term Tender
Nowadays, the tendering process is done with both traditional as well as online (E-Tender).
Different methods are used for the process of tender in construction projects by the government
as well as public sectors using E-Tender and traditional tenders.

LO2 Explain different types of construction companies in the market and
their relationships within the tendering process.
P4 Identify the different types of construction companies in the market.
Construction companies: There are various companies available in the market to deals with the
construction works and projects such as small renovation contractors, builders, real estate
developer and many others which take the offer to design, develop or renovate any building,
structure, and projects. All these companies are owned by different individuals to do business
with different project owners and contractors in order to provide the supply of materials,
construction, management, the design of the building, etc. in terms of price. Different companies
for construction industry available in the market are given below (Mishra 2018).
Real estate companies: These construction companies develop constructions for their own use
and to sell to different individuals once the construction has been done.
Renovation companies: These are small construction companies who perform small works like
renovation, redesigning, alteration or to make small changes in building, office and other
structures.
General contractors: These companies consist of various expert individuals to design, construct
or make any alteration in both small or large buildings and structures.

Owner-builder companies: These construction companies differ from contractors and construct
various building either for their own use or to sell.
Package builders: These construction companies include various activities such as the
acquisition of the land, legal services, construction of the building and financing the whole
project of construction.
Sponsor builders: These construction companies mainly take part in government works in
which all the works starting from planning to finalization of the project is managed by the
Sponsor builder company itself.
Professional construct manager: These companies consist of one or more than one individual
to in order to complete small tasks in the construction or building project and managed by their
own staff.
P5 Explain the relationship between different construction organizations.
An industry consists of various organizations in order to develop and grow their business in the
market. In the same way, the construction industry also consists of various organizations such as
Public Limited, Private Limited, Sole traders, etc. All these organizations are interconnected with
each other to complete different functions like financial management, the design of the
construction, etc. First of all, the construction project of the school building was decided by the
client to renovate an old furniture factory into new Junior School building which hires consultant
which might be from different construction companies such as “Public Limited companies and
Private Limited companies”. These companies develop the basic design and development
model for the school building as well as the estimated cost of construction including legal
formalities. Then different tenders are opened for various contractors for the construction,
electrical & mechanical work and suppliers of the material. Different organizations such as “Sole
trader and Holding companies” take part to complete the construction of building, electrical &
mechanical works and to provide supply for the materials required in the construction of junior
school building (Modern methods of construction 2016).

LO3 Discuss the key stages in a construction project, and how Building
Information Modelling informs the different stages.
P6 Identify, with examples, modern construction processes and sequences used
within today’s industry, highlighting the way they respond to sustainability needs.
Modern construction process: With the development of new techniques and various industries
in the field of construction, construction industry have various objections such as low profit
margin, increase in complexity of project, tough competition in the market and others resulting in
development of various modern techniques to be used in construction of building and structures
(Antunes & Gonzalez 2015). Different modern methods and processes of construction are given
below.
 Precast Flat Panel System
 3D Volumetric Modules
 Flat Slab Construction
 Precast Cladding Panels
 Concrete Wall and Floors
 Twin Wall Technology
 Precast Concrete Foundation
 Concrete Formwork Insulation
Precast Flat Panel System: In the construction process, wall and floor units are constructed off-
site in different factories.

Figure 2: Precast Flat Panel System (Source: Metromont, 2016)
3D Volumetric Modules: It is also known as modular construction. In this process, a 3-D unit is
developed in a factory and then transported to the construction site for the use.
Figure 3: 3D Volumetric Modules (Source: Chapmantaylor, 2018)
Flat Slab Construction: In this process, flat slabs are constructed in different factories which
are used in the construction of buildings and other structures resulting in saving the construction
time.
Precast Cladding Panels: In this process, one construction material is layered over another in
order to provide control over infiltration in the structures and buildings.

Precast Concrete Foundation: In this process, the foundation of the construction are developed
off-site in a factory which is directly assembled at the construction site after transportation from
the factory to the construction site.
Twin Wall Technology: In this process, two separate walls are constructed a parallel to each
other with a gap in between them which are filled by concrete.
Figure 4: Twin Wall Technology (Source: Keeganprecast, 2019)
Role of MMC in sustainable construction: In the field of construction, sustainability needed in
order to gain more profit, save time as well as materials required in the construction and avoiding
wastage of the materials. All these are fulfilled by the modern method of construction (MMC)
with the help of new invented techniques and tools in the construction of the building. Different
techniques used in MMC for the sustainability of construction which are given below.
 Construction of a large number of structures in a factory under controlled condition and
environment to achieve high-quality construction.
 Proper management of construction and materials in order to avoid wastage.
 Taking care of the environment surrounding the construction site.
 Reducing energy at the construction site with the help of lean manufacturing.
 Selecting proper materials to be used in the construction.

P7 Explain contract planning techniques used within micro and macro projects.
Planning techniques are used for successful completion of the project, planning, and execution of
the project in both micro and macro projects. “Micro-projects” are small projects which can be
managed in an easy way with the micromanagement techniques but in order to manage large
scale projects called “Micro-projects”, macro management techniques required for proper
execution and planning of the project. Different planning techniques are given below
(Muhammad Mulki 2016).
 Communication with team members on the construction site.
 Building a trust relationship with the owner as well as teams and workers.
 Identify the significant items and setting a priority on them.
 Setting a goal and focus on the goal.
 Correct calculation of limitations of workers and team working on the project.
 Proper balancing all the works to deliver the project within time and deadline.
P8 Identify where BIM impacts upon operations and construction companies.
BIM and its impact: The word BIM refers to the Building Information Modeling which is a
process to create different virtual design and diagram of the project as well as building in a 3-D
model to deliver an efficient view of the construction project and building. Use of building
information model (BIM) in the construction industry results in various advantages at every
stage of construction. Some example of BIM software is CAD, etc. Some of the impacts are
listed below:
 Helps in 3-D virtual view of the project.
 The correct layout of the overall project before starting construction.
 Digital model of the project and building.
 Helps inefficient and cost-effective construction.
 Quality improvement and reduction of cost for the construction.

LO4 Analyse how the construction industry has developed suitable
collaboration strategies in support of greater recognition of health & safety.
P9 Explain how health & safety has now become an integrated part of the
construction process.
Importance of health and safety in construction: In the construction process, many workers
are active and working on different tools, machines and construction activities which in terms
generate a great risk of damage to the health of the workers. Some of the factors are given below.
 Dust due to construction materials.
 The noise of machines and tools.
 High stress on the workers.
 Accidents and injuries on the construction floor.
Health and safety become an important part in order to overcome these health and safety issues
on the construction site in order to reduce the risks and damages. Different rules & regulations,
as well as government bodies, are also designed to ensure the health and safety at the
construction site.
P10 Describe the government legislation which has benchmarked health & safety
within construction.
In order to maintain proper health and safety of the workers as well as the environment and
surrounding at the construction site, different government legislations are designed for the
construction industry. “The UK’s Building Regulations” in the UK region has been designed to
ensure all the policies are correctly followed by the construction industry. It has been designed
on different parameters such as fire safety, drainage, protection from falling, sanitation, electrical
safety, etc. Different laws are made for the construction based in the following points.
 Contract law: Law for agreements between different parties.
 Law of restitution: Law for the award to remedies for the loss.
 Criminal law: Law for proper sanitation on construction site.
 Law of tort: Law to address civil wrongs and work done out of contracts.

 Breach of statutory duty: Law to be imposed in case of failure of duties and legislation.
 Legislation: Different laws to be carried out at the construction process and operations.
P11 Discuss the role of collaboration and communication in ensuring safe working
practices.
Collaboration and communication between team members and workers play an important role in
the construction industry in order to overcome the health, safety and various other issues such as
financial problems, legal problems, etc. (Biggs et al. 2006). The impact of collaboration and
communication in the construction industry is listed below.
 Awareness among the team members.
 Better coordination.
 Improvement of the safety of workers.
 The building of trust and respect.
 Transparency in the construction process and operations.
 Better response in case of an emergency.
 Reduce stress between workers.
 Improvement in problem-solving.
 A decrease in accidents and injuries.
 Proper tanning and awareness about safety majors.

Conclusion
The detail process and working of the construction industry have been analyzed in this report.
Different construction companies and organizations available in the market have been shown in
order to provide the proper knowledge of the operations and relationship between various
organizations with a proper example including basic health and safety rules and regulation
designed by the government as well as the company which helps in the successful completion of
this report.

References
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