Structural Design Principles

The assignment presents a scenario involving the construction of a three-bedroom house on a sloping site near Pakenham. It requires students to apply Australian Standards AS 1684.2 and AS 4055 to determine the appropriate bracing, tie-down sizes, and wind rating requirements for the structure. The analysis should consider the building's materials (brick veneer), foundation type (concrete waffle slab), and site conditions (hill slope with retaining walls).

© Holmesglen
Bachelor of Construction Management and Economics
(BCME) (Course: BCME15)
Bachelor of Building Surveying (BBS) (Course: BBS15)
Examination Cover Sheet
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SUBJECT: BBE 110: Codes & Compliance
ASSESSMENT
ITEM Final Examination
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Student Name:
Student Number:
Holmesglen
BUILT ENVIRONMENT DEGREE PROGRAMS
Semester 2; Monday 09 October, 2017
BBE 110: Codes & Compliance
Final Examination
 Examination Time & Duration: 2:00pm to 6:00pm, 4 Hours
 Reading Time: 15 Minutes
 This Examination has 7 Pages (including this cover page)
 This examination has 7 Questions
 Each question and reflection must be answered
 Examination format: This examination is Open Book
Online examination
- Examination is online/Brightspace
- Examination papers must be uploaded to
Brightspace 6:15pm Melbourne Time,
09th October 2017
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QUESTION 1
A friend comes to you seeking advice in regards to an extension to his
existing house. The extension will be approximately 12 meters in width and
6 meters long.
Assuming the classification of the soil is a Class A and that the proposed“”
extension will be a Waffle Raft with Articulated Masonry Veneer.
.
Question 1.1
What is depth of the edge beam?
450 mm
Question 1.2
What type of reinforcement is required for the edge beam?
Compression reinforcements
Question 1.3
What type of reinforcement is required for the internal beam?
tensional reinforcements
Question 1.4
What type of reinforcement is required for the slab mesh?
compression reinforcements
Question 1.5
For the same slab what is the cover required for the slab mesh?
20 mm
Please provide your Reflection (Question 1).
I addresed the key steps which are used in design procedure to identify the
different parameters of the slab. The major requirement on this step is to
design a beam which will be able to resist the compression and tension
forces of the dead and live loads. The beam depth will be able to ensure that
these forces are well resisted and failure will not occur.
The edge and internal beam reinforcements is determined by the loading
factors which are present. The edge beams are much loaded with the dead
loading while the internal ones carry the live load more. This tends to
differentiate the reinforcements in terms of the upper tensional
reinforcements to the lower compressional reinforcements.
Design requirement for the slab were key for mw in analysis of this process.
The slab mesh is subjected to more tension on the lower part and therefore
requires compression reinforcements to counter the forces exerted
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downwards. The compression reinforcements will be able to take care of
any deflection which are likely to occur on the slabs mesh.
In order to arrive at the slab mesh cover, i was able to rely on specifications
of the slab. The steps of analysis included the slab depth and
reinforcements. The slab requires a minimum cover of 20 mm. The cover is
subject to the type and strength of reinforcement mesh which is provided on
the slab level.
QUESTION 2
How would the Australian Standard AS2870 be applied for a proposed
double brick house being constructed in a highly reactive clay soil. The
dwelling is approximately rectangular in shape and has overall dimensions
of 12 metres x 18 metres.
The Australian Standard AS2870 is critical to stipulate and manage the
changes which are likely to happen on the soil where the building will be
placed. Stipulation on the foundation types and kind which can be used on
different soils which have different characteristics such as the clay soils are
well stipulated on this section.
In addition, this section will offer insights on the Residential slabs and
footings which can be applied on this building type. The different rating
indicates how reactive the soil is, and will help your structural engineer to
determine what sort of footing system is suitable for your site in what are
known as 'normal wet' and 'normal dry' conditions.
Clay soils will experience different changes according to the seasons. This
section is able to offer insight on the way the foundation slab has to be
treated to minimize the changes and avoid failure during the expansion and
compression of the soil types.
Please provide your reflection here (Question 2).
From the analysis, the major requirement standards which i needed to
enhnace the results is analysis of the situation. The analysis is a key step
which I had to carry out to ensure that the changes on soil are
determined. This creates an option on the way the changes will be
countered to ensure that failure does not happen.
In addition, i had to look on the foundation standards. The foundation
layout of the building will be affected by the changes in volumes of the
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soils which the foundation is placed upon. Key rating will depend on the
type of building which is placed and therefore the determination on the
area bases rating. The area of the foundation slab will specify the type of
structure and the perfect foundation which will suit the specific soils on
the locations.
QUESTION 3
Discuss the application and limitations when applying AS2870.
Australian Standard AS 2870 offers the insights of Residential slabs and
footings and relating them with the soils categories. The AS 2870 is able to
offer the classification of soil categories and the slab foundation application
at the different places. Moreover, the AS 2870 is able to offer the
application of the way the Soil classification are able to affect the subfloor
sections of the buildings. The section in addition, offers the best treatment
and foundation types which can be adopted at different soil types to ensure
failure of the structures is minimized. The section in addition offers the
reinforcements types which can be adopted during the flooring to ensure
that failure is prevented. More importantly, the sections offers the
classification of soils and the best subfloor sections which can be adopted at
the sections.
Trees and site maintenance is another key application issue which is
addressed on this section. It is viewed that the tree roots and lack of proper
maintenance measures are able to lead to expansion of the soils and
therefore causing cracks on building foundation. Trees height and number
need to be controlled according to the soil type who h the structure is built
on.
Nevertheless, this section has limitation since it does not provide the
changes rates who h may be experienced on different locations. This
information is key to ensure that the treatment measures are well adopted to
counter the volume changes.
Please provide your reflection here (Question 3).
The relevant knowledge which I needed for this question was the soils
types and their changes at different conditions is a key information
which is needed in response of this part. The knowledge on these
parameters were key to ensure that I was able to address the issues on
this question. The code is able to offer different soil types and their
effects under different conditions. These affect the stability of
foundation and therefore behavior of the soils is crucial to respond to
such questions. Lastly, in order to address the question better,
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information on contraction and expansion of the soils would help to
address the foundation issues.
QUESTION 4
How would the National Construction Code (NCC) Building Code of
Australia, be used to design and assess a class 1a dwelling.
The class 1a, single detached dwelling has special requirement from the
NCC and BCA in terms of their design and assess. Boundary clearance is a
key step which must be undertaken to ensure that assess is available to the
site and the works before the construction. The foundation excavations must
be carried out in accordance with the different factors such as the soils and
loading of the building dwelling. The design has to look at the special
factors of the loading and soils types during the design period. Ultimate
state has to be used during the design to ensure that the loading factors are
well computed.
Fire safety designs and health amenities must be carried out in advance.
These designs must be availed early enough to ensure that their in
cooperation is done during the construction stage of the dwelling. The
amenities access is also stipulated in the NCC. The code ensures that the
design parameters are able to take care of the access of the different
structure. Their design and places has to maintain health of the structure and
dwelling as well as taking care of the access parameters. This applies on the
design of washrooms and the kitchen and eating placings of the dwelling.
The design has to consider their arrangement in different ways to ensure
health and access are well maintained.
Please provide your Reflection (Question 4).
In order to analyze the situation better, I needed the information on NCC
and the issues it addresses. I was looking for fire safety which is a key
consideration on the class 1a structure. Safety of the dwelling is given a key
consideration and its access of the amenities within. I was able to consider
the design requirement and access capabilities of the dwellings.
QUESTION 5
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A friend comes to you seeking advice in regards to an extension to a class
1b boarding house. Upon review of the proposed extension including floor
plans, elevations and sections you discovered that the total maximum floor
area will be 385 metres square in total area.
Question 5.1
Is this acceptable?
No this is not acceptable since the class 1b buildings should not exceed 300
meter square area of all floors.
Question 5.2
What alternative assessments can you utilise to approve this extension and
allow it to remain a class 1b Boarding House?
The extension can be allowed and ensure that the extensions are able to
include a private garage on the structure. In order to allow this building to
remain on class 1b, the building can be extended to be included on class
10a, which is a private garage and help to maintain it being on the class 1b
as well.
Please provide your Reflection (Question 5).
On this queation, i needed the specification of different building classes.
This was able to help classfy a building on different categories. A building
structure can be included in two different claasess as long as it meets the
requirements on such classes. In this case, an extension which is able to
sustain the building on class 1b alone is not possible and therefore in
cooperating the building to include it in class 10a is possible. In this
question, I was looking on building types and what they compose to be
classified.
QUESTION 6
You have been appointed as the project manager for S&S constructions and
your first job is to provide detailed costing for the construction of a duel
occupancy dwelling being two BCA class 1a dwellings sharing a common
wall through the centre of each property.
What is the minimum required FRL (fire rating) for this wall?
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A continuous fire resistant level (FRL) of not less than 60/60/60
Each wall has a separate FRL level which will ensure proper security
against fire and therefore increasing the fire resistance.
The grading of 60/60/60 is able to represent the rate in minutes for
structural adequacy/integrity/insulation.
Please provide your Reflection (Question 6).
In order to analyze this question, I needed the information on the types of
fire requirement for the different buildings and walling sections. The fire
resistant level was key to analyze the question and arrive at the conclusion.
What do you need to analyse the situation and what are you looking for?
QUESTION 7
A friend, who is aware that you are a recent graduate from Holmesglen,
recently purchased a vacant block of land located in a semi-rural grassland
area near Pakenham, a township located South of Melbourne. You are
advised that the block of land is on the top 1/3 of a hill with no adjoining
dwellings. This is the first dwelling to be constructed on a newly formed
subdivision.
The dwelling is going to be cut into the hill with retaining walls of up to 2
meters in height at the rear of the allotment.
The dwelling is proposed to be a 3 bedroom articulated brick veneer as
cladding with attached garage to the side of the dwelling and concrete
waffle slab.
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How would Australian Standard AS 1684.2 be applied when designing the
bracing and tie downs for this dwelling, including any wind rating
requirements using AS4055.
Australian Standard AS 1684.2 will be applicable in designing the member
sizes for the structure. This code will provide the types of members which
can be used considering the locations and the factors available. The bracing
and ties sizes will be arrived at from this code. The specifications of the
different members sizes will be stipulated from the loading factors and
external forces which will affect the building. In addition, this code will
offer the insight of the member sizes of the structure like these. That is the 3
bedroom and the members required. Wind classification on the area will as
well be used to determine the members which will be used. This code will
define the locational wind speed and then stipulate the member type and
kind which can be used on this structure. The AS4055 will offer the wind
loads on this locations which will be used during the design period. This
will ensure that the proper member sizes are arrived at during the design
stage of this structure.
Strength and ability to resist the eternal forces are the major consideration
which will be looked at in this structure. The code will be able to offer the
key specification which will ensure failure does not occur.
Please provide your Reflection (Question 7).
To address this section well, I needed the information on what is composed
on AS 1684.2 and AS 4055. The information on these sections are able to
stipulate on what is needed to address the question well. These sections are
able to stipulate on what is needed on the design of the buildings. The
sections has detailed analysis on the design parameters for the buildings.
BBE 110 Final Examination; October 2017 9