Construction Management Research Trends

This assignment delves into the trends shaping construction management research over the last 25 years. Students are tasked with analyzing a collection of academic papers, identifying recurring themes, and evaluating the evolving focus of research within the field. The analysis encompasses various aspects of construction management, including project delivery methods, sustainability, safety, and stakeholder engagement.

Running head: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Construction Management
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Part A...............................................................................................................................................2
Part B...............................................................................................................................................6
Part C...............................................................................................................................................9
Part D.............................................................................................................................................10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
The report helps in analysis of the different kinds of sources of renewable energy that is
required for the construction of buildings in Edinburgh/Scotland. The different kind of
sustainable energies has to be analyzed as this helps in understanding the usage of such in the
project in order to minimize the environmental impact that will be caused by the work.
The main aim and purpose of the report is to describe the sustainable procurement of the
material resources that is required for the project work that will be performed in
Edinburgh/Scotland. The impact of the waste of different materials on the entire environment has
to be identified, as the implementation of strategies is required for reducing such issues to
improve the entire task.
The structure of the report includes types of renewable energy sources along with kinds
of sustainable technologies that are required for the entire project to be completed. The
assessment of the task has to be done in such a manner that the entire project must achieve a
rating of very good. The action plan has to be produced that will be based on BREEAM 2011
methodology. The need for the active and passive ventilation system has to be suggested for the
completion of the entire task as well.
Part A
i) The four different kinds of renewable energy sources that can be used for the project are as
follows:
a) Solar system of power is the major source of water cycle as well as of wind. In the solar
systems that are connected with the grid, the Photovoltaic system helps in supplying energy as

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well as electricity to the different buildings and any kind of excess in the daytime may be
exported as well to the grid. The batteries are not required as the grid supplies any kind of extra
demand. However, in order to be independent to the grid supply, the storage of battery is
required to provide power at night as well (Zavadskas et al. 2014).
Reasons:
The systems for solar heating are installed in different kinds of buildings and proper usages of
solar energy are efficient for large buildings such as multi story buildings. In order to make the
usage of the solar electricity available on large scale, the engineers around the world are trying to
develop low cost solar cell, as these are efficient in nature and easy to manufacture with the help
of high yield (ABC Press or website). The vast majority of the solar heating systems will help in
installation of the solar walls that is appropriate for the new as well as existing buildings
(Hwang, Zhao and Toh, 2014).
b) Wind power is the second source of renewable energy that is dynamic in nature- the
availability of the energy in the air of moving mass. Windmills are used in such a manner that
mechanical power as well as wind pumps for pumping of water as well (Xiong, Skitmore and
Xia 2015). When there is availability of the resource of wind, the situation is right in nature, the
wind electric systems are the most cost effective renewable energy sources that is home based in
nature. As there is increase in the speed of wind, the availability of the power increases cubically
and it is essential for the construction of the tall towers (Zhou, Goh and Li 2015).
Reasons:
The common mistake that takes place in windmill is construction of the turbine on short
tower. The Horizontal axis wind turbines are the essential and effective orientation and their

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longevity is higher than the vertical axis wind turbines. The downwind and upwind designs can
be effective in nature, as this will help in construction of the buildings in an effective manner.
c) Geothermal Power is one of the effective renewable sources of energy that is required for the
construction of the building. The particular technology helps in usage of liquid like antifreeze as
the heat carrier that is moved about in closed loop piping system. There are different main uses
of the geothermal power that includes bringing warmer temperatures without the usage of fossil
fuels and by tapping into heat exchange that is deep below the entire surface of the earth.
Reasons:
The geothermal energy helps in the transition back to the gases state and absorbing the
heat energy down from the earth that travels back to the compressor and the entire process
repeats and the entire process is reversed for the construction of the new buildings as well as for
the renovation of the old buildings as well.
d) Hydroelectric Power is another renewable source of energy that can be used for the
construction of the buildings. The hydroelectric power is generally dependent on the geographic
location of the construction of the building. The different micro hydroelectric plants can be
constructed in order to supply electricity and ranch the different operations. The hydroelectric
power can be used in a proper manner as this will help in making the area sustainable in nature
and this will help in sustainable construction of the entire building as well.
Reasons:

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The direct usage of the hydroelectric power is helpful in nature, as this will help in
making the construction of the building sustainable in nature. This will help in making the
waterway sources available as well as accessible in nature (Kaiser, El Arbi and Ahlemann 2015).
Figure 1: Renewable Sources of energy
(Source: Kaiser, El Arbi and Ahlemann 2015)
ii) Different types of sustainable technologies
a) Green insulation is one of the sustainable technologies that can be used for the construction of
the buildings, as the insulation is the greatest concerns. The insulators are wall filters that can be
made up of cheap raw materials and there is no requirement of highly finished and expensive
kind of raw materials. On the particular basis, the usage of the green insulation is sustainable
technology for construction, as this will eliminate the requirement of finishes that is high end
from the usage of non-renewable materials. The entire green insulation helps in offering the
solution with the usage of used as well as old materials such as newspaper.

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b) Sustainable sourcing of resources is another sustainable technology that includes different
mechanisms, as this will help in lessening the consumption of energy. The entire construction of
the building has to be done with wood, as this is sustainable resources and is environment
friendly in nature (Lee, Kim and Lee 2016).
c) Cool Roofs are the sustainable green technologies of design that aims in reflecting the sunlight
and heat in lowering the absorption and the thermal emittance. The entire design helps in making
the usage of the reflective paints, special tiles as this will absorb less heat, and there will be less
of solar radiation as well. The cool roofs therefore, will minimize the dependence on the air
conditioning, as this will reduce the energy that will translate into greenhouse gas emissions
from the power plants as well.
d) Biodegradable materials are one of the sustainable green technologies that are eco friendly in
nature. This helps in making the entire construction sustainable in nature and this helps in
limiting the negative wastage of the resources while construction of the building as well (Zhang
et al. 2014).
These are the different kinds of sustainable technologies used in the construction-building
project in Edinburgh/Scotland. The biodegradable means as well as materials help in making the
construction sustainable and eco friendly in nature. The use of the smart appliances is essential in
nature, as this will help in emphasizing on the installation of the energy saving as well as self-
sufficient technologies. The zero energy building designs help in making the usage of the designs
as this helps in lessening the consumption of the energy.

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Figure 2: Sustainable Technologies
(Source: Lam and Oshodi 2016)
Part B
i) Description of the sustainable procurement of material resources for the project
Proper sustainability is required in the construction of the different buildings in
Edinburgh/Scotland. The raw materials are essential in nature to be procured, as these are the
different elements such as:
Economic Sustainability is one of the material resources that are required for the
construction of the building. The economic sustainability is essential as this helps in
improving the delivery of the project and increases the productivity along with
profitability. The roofs as well as other ventilators in the roof are essential as this helps in
generating proper sustainability in the construction of the building.
Environmental Sustainability is material resource that will avoid the air pollution and
this will help in enhancing and protecting the biodiversity. Proper transport planning is
essential in nature, as this will help in improving the condition of the environment. There

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is different cap carbon emissions allowed, as this will help in reducing the carbon dioxide
emissions in the entire construction of the building. The walls, roof and the flooring has
to be such that this will help in maintaining environmental sustainability.
Social Sustainability is essential in nature wherein there has to be proper access for the
different elements that are required for the staffs who are working for the construction of
the building. The thermal elements are essential in nature as this will help in handling the
air plants and this will help in maintaining social sustainability in the construction of
different buildings.
There are different sustainable procurement of the different material resources, as this
will help in development of ecological and housing developments. There has to be proper
drainage system as this will help in permitting sampling of the different effluent by the different
regulatory agencies. The different paints as well as wall coverings are essential in nature, as this
will help in becoming free from volatile organic compounds.
ii) Impact of waste of materials on environment and improvement of project with material
management
There are different impacts of the waste of materials and this can have huge
environmental impacts. There are different wastes that may not rot; it may smell bas and this can
generate methane gas as well. These are explosive in nature and this contributes to the green
house effect as well. The Leachate produced as the waste that is decomposed may cause huge
pollution in the environment. The different generation of the wastes can cause huge
environmental issues, there are different emissions of carbon dioxide, and this can cause huge
environmental pollution as well (Lam and Oshodi 2016).

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There is different degradation of the environment that can cause huge amount of
pollution. There can be depletion of the resources as well as exploitation of the natural resources
that can be dangerous for the entire environment. The quality of the environment is degrading
day by day as this is caused due to the huge growth in the population. There are different causes
for the air pollution that includes construction waste materials that can have huge impact on the
destruction of the environment (Moskow 2008).
There are different measures that can be taken by different regulatory authorities, as this
will help in solving such issues with proper implementation of different strategies that are as
follows:
In order to prevent run off and erosion, proper steps has to be taken, as this will help in
reducing the environmental waste. A well planned construction project is essential in
nature as this will help in reducing the implementation costs (Kibert 2016)
The Vegetation and Mulch can be used as well as applied in order to reduce the erosion
of wind. The hydro seeding is essential in controlling the dust and this will reduce the
environmental pollution (Mok, Shen and Yang 2015).
The proper usage of soil stabilizers and tackifiers are used in order to control the dust that
is generated from the construction of different buildings. There will be new seal over the
soil that will help in solving the dust problems in the site of construction (Braglia and
Frosolini 2014)

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Figure 3: Construction of building
(Source: Serpella et al. 2014)
Part C
A BREEAM Assessor must determine the rating of BREEAM with the usage of different
assessment calculators and tools. For each and every environmental section, the number of
credits that will be awarded is essential in nature to determine the criteria for the analysis of the
issue as this will help in analysis of the tasks that are performed are good, very good, bad or
excellent n nature. The calculation of the rating and score of BREEAM is as follows:
Section
BREEAM
Credits
achieved
Availability of
credits
Percentage of
credits
achieved
Section
Weighting
Score Section
Management 8 21 38% 0.12 4.56%
Wellbeing and
Health
10 13 77% 0.19 14.63%
Water 5 30 17% 0.125 2.125%
Transport 6 12 50% 0.10 5%

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Ecology and
usage of land
5 9 55.5% 0.10 5.55%
Waste 2 9 22.22% 0.19 4.22%
Innovation 3 13 23% 0.12 2.76%
Final Score of
BREEAM
66.55%
Rating of
BREEAM
VERY
GOOD
Minimum Standards for BREEAM ‘Very
Good” rating
Achieved?
Sustainable procurement Yes
Quality of water Yes
Monitoring of water Yes
Responsible sourcing Yes
Mitigating ecological impact Yes
Consumption of water Yes
Visual comfort Yes

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From the above table, it can be analyzed that the BREEAM rating is very good in nature,
as this will help in maintaining proper activities that is excellent for the maintenance of the
building construction (Li and Wang 2016). These issues are addressed in order to generate
positive results to detect such issues and solve the problems in an effective manner (Walker
2015). There are different individual issues that will vary from one another and the rating will
differ with each section as well (Serpella et al. 2014). The managerial sections has to be
addressed in such a manner that this will help n solving the issues and the BREEAM rating will
be very good and excellent in nature as well (BREEAM, 2018).
Part D
Necessary needs for active/passive system for the project
There are different requirements and needs for the passive as well as active system for the
project that are as follows:
The passive design strategies help in usage of the ambient sources of energy such as
electricity and other natural gas (Rowlinson et al. 2014). The different strategies that are
helpful in nature for daylighting, solar energy and ventilation are essential for the
successful completion of the project in Edinburgh/Scotland (Abbas, Din and Farooqui
2016).
The active design strategies help in purchasing energy that helps in keeping the building
comfortable in nature. Some strategies that include heat pumps, chilled beams as well as
electric lights are essential in nature to complete the project in a successful manner
(Pryke, Badi and Bygballe 2017).

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These different strategies are adopted by active and passive system for the completion of
the project or the construction of new building (Osei-Kyei and Chan 2015). Proper ventilation,
radiant panels along with electric lights are essential in nature, as this will help in enhancing the
usage of the radiant and ambient sources of energy in the construction of building as well. The
hybrid systems are essential in nature along with active and passive design strategies, as this will
help in completion of the task in an effective manner (Alias et al. 2014). The usage of the
mechanical energy helps in enhancing the usage of energy resources in such a manner that this
includes ventilation of the recovery of heat, economizer ventilation along with solar thermal
systems that is essential for the entire construction of the building (Cheung et al. 2014). Both
active and passive strategies are essential in nature as these help in encouraging the usage of the
raw materials in such a manner that this will design passive strategies to complete the entire task
with full effort and with implementation of different strategies (Taylan et al. 2014).
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded that the renewable sources of energy are essential in
nature, as this will help in making the entire environment sustainable in nature. The sustainable
procurement of the different material resources are utilized in an effective manner as this helped
in analysis of the waste materials that can affect the entire environment in the construction
projects. The BREEAM 2011 helped in analyzing the reliability of the different materials used in
the construction of the building and the necessary ventilation system has been applied for the
project.

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References
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education: An overview of Pakistani engineering universities. Procedia Engineering, 145,
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Alias, Z., Zawawi, E.M.A., Yusof, K. and Aris, N.M., 2014. Determining critical success factors
of project management practice: A conceptual framework. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
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Braglia, M. and Frosolini, M., 2014. An integrated approach to implement project management
information systems within the extended enterprise. International Journal of Project
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BREEAM. (2018). BREEAM. [online] Available at: http://www.breeam.com/ [Accessed 10 Jan.
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Cheung, S.O., Wong, W.K., Yiu, T.W. and Pang, H.Y., 2014. Developing a trust inventory for
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Hwang, B.G., Zhao, X. and Toh, L.P., 2014. Risk management in small construction projects in
Singapore: status, barriers and impact. International Journal of Project Management, 32(1),
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Kaiser, M.G., El Arbi, F. and Ahlemann, F., 2015. Successful project portfolio management
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