Construction Practice and Management

This report explores the evolvement of the construction industry and the use of specialism techniques in building a junior school. It covers the main stages of construction, the role of specialisms in each stage, and the factors considered in selecting a main contractor. It also highlights the importance of Business Information Modelling in design selection, progress analysis, and maintenance of the school.

Construction Practice and
Management

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. Showing the evolvement of construction industry through describing about the presence of
specialist companies with different knowledge skills and facilities along with their cooperation
in building school........................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................2
1. Showing the involvement of above identified skills and facilities in the development of
junior school on a site of old school building..............................................................................2
2. Description of the main stages of construction from its tendering to handing over to the end
user...............................................................................................................................................4
3. Analysis of the specialisms that are involved during each of the main stages of construction
from the time of its clearance to handing over. Also, comparison is done by considering main
factors that differentiate between construction companies, contracts and tendering options......4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
(a). Analysis of the main concerns that local council include in tender document to select main
contractor.....................................................................................................................................5
(b). Description of the importance of Business Information Modelling that aid the council to
select design of school, analyse expected progress towards completion and maintenance of
school...........................................................................................................................................6
(c). Analysis of the factors that must be kept in mind by the main contract for the involvement
of local sub-contractors in the working of school.......................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
(a). Showing the contribution of BIM from the very early stages in process of controlling
building preparation and helping of counsellors towards selection of best design.....................8
(b). Showing the contribution of BIM is reducing the running cost of school............................8
(c). Determining the contribution of BIM towards safety and health in process of preparing
building and when it is in use......................................................................................................8
(d). Description of the CDM role in construction process and examining the rule that only
good safety records construction companies are able to provide high standard of safety and

health at the time of working.......................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Construction is considered as the process of preparing building or infrastructure. It is a separate
industry due to its nature of working and not falls under the category of manufacturing. This is
fast paced and evolving industry that involves growth in both private and public sector. The
major roles assigned to personnel’s in construction practice are related to contract managers,
quantity surveyors and project managers. Contraction management is different aspect that
includes the use of specialist management techniques in performance of various functions like
planning, designing, monitoring and controlling (Coppola and et. al., 2018). This concept helps
to bring specialism in the exercises from conception to the completion of a building. The main
aim of this report is also to ascertain the evolvement in construction industry and the use of
available specialism techniques in preparation of junior school at the place of furniture factory.
This report has four different tasks that cover different requirements. Task 1 covers about
the evolvement of construction industry and presence of knowledge skills and specialisms. Tsk 2
includes about the role of specialisms in construction of building, stages of the construction and
information about the involvement of different type of specialism on each main stage of
construction. Task 3 covers about main concerns of local council to include in tender while
selecting main contractor, importance of BIM and factors needed to consider by main contractor
while promoting employment in local sub-contractors. In last, Task 4 includes role of BIM in
performance of different functions and the role played by CDM in construction process.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
1. Showing the evolvement of construction industry through describing about the presence of
specialist companies with different knowledge skills and facilities along with their
cooperation in building school
The nature of construction industry is fast paced and evolving. There are many changes were
occurred in this industry that improves the working of building new and strengthened
infrastructures. Still, the nature of industry is not changed and many changes are occurring in
present time towards the direction of making functions more advanced. There are different
factors that contributes in the evolvement of industry. These are defined below:
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Technology: The role of technology is main in development of this industry over the
period of time along with bringing new specialisms in different areas like soil engineering,
structural engineering and wood workers. This also contributes through the development of
models and applications that will improves the process of designing along with reduction of
amount of risks. The use of technology specifies the amount of resources and funds that able to
provide continuity in Woking through removal of restrictions and improved decision making (Hu
and et. al., 2018).
Environmental sustainability: The issue of environmental safeguard is also the reason
behind the evolvement of industry. This aid in identification of the different methods of working
along with re-usage of resources so, the emission of carbon can be reduced.
Health and Safety: This is also one of the main reason behind the evolving nature of
industry. This would be the reason that many specialist facilities were introduced in different
stages of construction that not only provides the safety to the workers working at site but also
safeguard the individuals who will reside in building after its completion. The developments
introduced in this regard includes use of cranes, protective gloves, respiratory protection, chains
and harness etc.
The role of all specialisms identified above has great contribution in working of junior
school. Soil engineering help to identify the soil presence and strength so they can build base
according to that that able to hold the whole structure of building. Structural engineering help in
development of design which will be safe from different natural calamities along with usage of
materials that has least contribution in environmental pollution. In last, wood works help in
finishing of the school requirements of furniture that will be safe and long lasting in nature
(Huang and et. al., 2018).
There are many big organisations are existing in this industry. These developed with the
aid and support of many specialist units that are working in the direction of attaining main
visions of an organisation. Now, this is in the trend where small units are involved in functioning
that made the work easy and its completion through experts.
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TASK 2
1. Showing the involvement of above identified skills and facilities in the development of junior
school on a site of old school building
The starting of work first includes the permission. It is assumed that permission was attained
regarding building of junior school on the place of old furniture factory. The work of building
school includes the use of different advanced techniques and tools along with specialised skills
and facilities so it can be prepared as per the manner determined in planning stage or that meet
all the environmental and industry standards. In task 1, three different specialism areas were
identified as evolvement or development within the construction industry that improves the
working and aid in strengthening the core of building. These three areas are soil engineering,
structural engineering and wood workers (Jackson, 2020). All these three belongs from the
different areas and work towards effective development in accordance to the industry standards.
The working and contribution of these is presented below:
Soil engineering: This is also known as Geotechnical engineering. Geotechnics is a planning
control that manages soil and rock conduct in a building point of view. It also includes
evaluating angle dependability and the danger of avalanches, rock fall and torrential slides. The
specialism includes utilizing logical strategies and standards of designing to gather and decipher
the physical properties of the ground for use in building and development. So, it is clear from the
description of this concept that this will help to build strong base of school according to the type
and nature of soil.
Structural engineering: It relies on a point of information related to applied mechanics,
materials science and applied arithmetic to comprehend and foresee how structures backing and
oppose self-weight and forced burdens. To apply the information effectively related to the
construction of Structural building for the most part requires detailed information on significant
exact and hypothetical plan codes, the procedures of auxiliary investigation, along with some
information on the consumption opposition of the materials and structures, particularly when
those structures are accessible to the outside condition. The software presents for analysis are
AutoCAD, StaadPro, ETABS, Prokon, Revit Structure. It is clear from the above description that
this will help to build strong and sustainable structure of school with the use of appropriate
materials that will be able to handle the impact created from natural calamities.
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Wood workers: These are the personnel’s working related to development of wooden fixtures.
In school, these will help in development of furniture’s along with other interior materials. This
will help in improvement of view and safety too (Li, Yu and Liu, 2018).
2. Description of the main stages of construction from its tendering to handing over to the end
user
The different stages that will be involved in the construction of a building are defined
below:
Concept of project: This includes the determination of the requirements related to
project along with the model upon which it based.
Design: This includes designing on the basis of the model selected above along with
different requirements specified by user.
Pre-construction stage: This Stage includes the selection of contractor after completing
the exercise of bidding.
Procurement stage: This is about obtaining materials, equipment’s and workforce by
project team according to the requirements of project (Lu, Lai and Tse, 2018).
Construction stage: This stage is about beginning of the construction related activities
according to the design and instructions given by contractors.
Post construction stage: This is the last stage where few inspections were done before
handing over of building to final user.
3. Analysis of the specialisms that are involved during each of the main stages of construction
from the time of its clearance to handing over. Also, comparison is done by considering
main factors that differentiate between construction companies, contracts and tendering
options
There are six main stages that are involved in the construction of any building including the
junior school presented in this report. The work under these stages will be performed perfectly if
specialism techniques are using in the performance of activities. So, involvement of specialism
techniques along with contribution towards improvement within each stage is presented below;
Concept of project: Use of BIM is helpful in determining the project concept. This
specialist framework has wide scope that help in improved planning in case of reconstruction
too.
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Design: The specialist facility which will be used in the practice of designing the school of
building is BIM. This is known as Business information modelling that represents semantics of
data in 3D model process (Martinez-Aires and et. al., 2018).
Pre-construction stage: This includes the use of soil engineering specialism. This will aid
to hire main contractor according to the nature of soil or who have expertise in building base at
different soil types.
Procurement stage: Structural engineering specialism will be used. This aid procurement
of materials according to the type of structure.
Construction stage: The use of all advanced equipment’s will be beneficial in this stage to
improve safety and working quality. The equipment’s includes gloves, harness, cranes and other
PPE’s. Also, involvement of CDM in this stage help to reduce the emission of carbon (Marzouk
and Al Daour, 2018).
Post construction stage: This is the last stage where BIM is used to ascertain the
completing nature of all associated construction activities. This aid in determining deviations and
adopting corrections that help in improving final presentations.
TASK 3
(a). Analysis of the main concerns that local council include in tender document to select main
contractor
The work of building school is over local council along with authentication of all the necessary
aspects associated with same. This brings an obligation upon them is to select the main
contractor who is viable to build school in accordance to the desired standards (Mesároš and et.
al., 2018). So, the main concerns which are important for the local council to include in the
tender document for the selection of main contractor are presented below:
Financial soundness Monetary steadiness.
Recognition score.
Banking relations
Fiscal status.
Health and safety Security.
Skill adjustment rating.
OSHA Incident rate.
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Administration security and responsibility
Management
capability
Past performance and excellence.
Project administration association
Knowledge of technical workforces
Administration knowledge
Reputation Past disappointments.
Length of time in profession
Past owner/contractor connection.
Other dealings.
Technical ability Knowledge.
Plant and equipment.
Staffs.
Aptitude
(b). Description of the importance of Business Information Modelling that aid the council to
select design of school, analyse expected progress towards completion and maintenance of
school
Local council has the duty regarding all the aspects related to the school i.e. its preparation,
completion with quality and maintenance after handing over. In this regard, they focused over
the use of tool or technique that will guide them towards the performance of all functions and aid
towards fulfilment of all responsibilities. The tool selected to use is named as BIM (Business
information modelling). It is one of the effective tool that not only help in selection of best
design according to the requirement but aid in ascertaining the status of work completed and
maintenance after its finishing. There are different number of features present in BIM that
delivers various kind benefits (Wang and et. al., 2018). All these are defined below along with
justification that how this helps the local council to made decisions;
BIM (Business Information Modelling)
It is an exceptionally collective procedure that permits different partners and AEC (design,
building, development) experts to team up on the arranging, plan, and development of a structure
inside one 3D model. It can have access into the activity and the executives of structures by
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utilizing information that will be in landlord’s approach. This information permits landowners
and partners to settle on choices dependent on relevant data got from the model, even in the case
of when structure is built. Presence of all such features made it unique from others and
considered as more than just a 3D model which has wide importance in different areas that assist
local council in overall management of school building. At initial level, 3D model has great
importance towards selecting best deign according to the requirements (What is BIM (Building
Information Modelling)? 2018).
BIM also alludes as the procedure of all gatherings engaged with the development and
lifecycle administration of fabricated resources, working cooperatively and sharing information.
Nonetheless, the genuine intensity of BIM lives in the "I". The entirety of the data accumulated
from origination to completion isn't simply gathered, it's workable in nature. The information can
be utilized to improve precision, express plan goal from the workplace to the field, improve
information move from partner to partner, lessen change requests and field coordination issues,
and give knowledge into existing structures for remodelling of the projects later on. These
functions justify the working of BIM towards the goal of local council regarding the
management of building before and after of its preparation.
(c). Analysis of the factors that must be kept in mind by the main contract for the involvement of
local sub-contractors in the working of school
The local council also has the aim with the develop of school that provides the employment
opportunities to the players that exist in market at small level so they can live their life and gain
knowledge of working that will allow in future to work in much bigger projects. In this direction,
instructions are provided to main contractor to include local sub-contractors in working so they
can gain some money and knowledge. Now, the contractors have the duty that must involve them
and complete the work with quality. In this regard, the factors needed to consider by main
contractor in promotion of employment among local companies are presented below:
Hiring of sub-contractor that performs work of brick layering: This is the area
where main contractor can take the help of locals in preparation of the school building. This will
have completed both purposes completion of work and creation of employment opportunities.
Hiring of wooden workers: In completion of school, there is many work related to
furniture and fixtures. In this regard, main contractor can hire local company who will made
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furniture’s and other fixtures as per the requirement and standard of main contractor (Whitlock
and et. al., 2018).
Hiring of Iron workers: These are the personnel’s who perform work related to iron in
building for ex., main door. So, main contractor can hire local worker for the performance of this
work. This will promote the employment and aid in completion of work on time too.
TASK 4
(a). Showing the contribution of BIM from the very early stages in process of controlling
building preparation and helping of counsellors towards selection of best design
BIM allows the multiple stakeholders or professionals like architecture, engineers and
construction personnel’s in collaboration with each other for the purpose of planning, designing
and constructing the building with the usage of one 3D model. This tool also has access to both
information’s operation and management that aid in effective decision making on the basis of
information derived from tool. This is the reason that it provides the opportunity from the very
stage about controlling over building preparation process.
The segments that make up a BIM model, are keen, have geometry and store information. In the
event that any component is changed, BIM programming refreshes the model to mirror that
change. This permits the model to stay reliable and facilitated all through the whole procedure
with the goal that auxiliary specialists, draftsmen, MEP engineers, fashioners, venture
supervisors, and temporary workers can work in an increasingly community oriented condition.
This is the reason that help the counsellors to select best design (Yu and Yang, 2018).
(b). Showing the contribution of BIM is reducing the running cost of school
There are many functions of BIM, the three main ascertained from the above description
includes access of information to all, storage of all kind of information and any change in
structuring will automatically reflect in the model. This provides the opportunity to take
improved decisions so the resources can be used optimally that resultant into reduced waste. In
end, this will help to reduce overall cost of production.
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(c). Determining the contribution of BIM towards safety and health in process of preparing
building and when it is in use
There are number of benefits are associated with use of BIM in construction includes
improve accuracy, express arrangement point from the workplace to the field, improve data
move from collaborator to collaborator, decline change demands and field coordination issues,
and give information into existing structures to rebuild broadens later on. All these ensures the
safety of personnel at the time of their working in building or when they start reside. This is so
because accuracy and transfer of accurate information removes gap that has major contribution
towards lacking in area of safety (Lee, Park and Song, 2018).
(d). Description of the CDM role in construction process and examining the rule that only good
safety records construction companies are able to provide high standard of safety and
health at the time of working
CDM in construction process
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) refers as a market system for accomplishing
decrease in ozone depleting substance discharges and is characterized in Article 12 of the Kyoto
Protocol which is a universal settlement for emanations decreases. CDM permits an
industrialized nation with a decreasing emission responsibility under the Kyoto Protocol to
actualize an emission decrease venture in any of those developing nations.
It is true that organisation with good safety records has helped to ensure a high standard
of health and safety because they ensure working with use of all necessary equipment’s which
important to eliminates the nature of risk.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that the nature of construction industry is
evolving. The number of factors that contributed in this direction includes technology, health and
safety, environmental sustainability etc. There is huge role such evaluation in development of
specialism in performance of all stages work related to the construction of building. In this
regard, some are known as BIM, CDM, soil engineering, structure engineering etc. Also, the role
of construction industry is huge towards the development of employment opportunities. This will
aid in the direction of providing work to many sub-contractors and local companies.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Coppola, L. and et. al., 2018. Binders alternative to Portland cement and waste management for
sustainable construction—part 1. Journal of applied biomaterials & functional
materials. 16(3). pp.186-202.
Hu, Z.Z. and et. al., 2018. BIM-based integrated delivery technologies for intelligent MEP
management in the operation and maintenance phase. Advances in Engineering
Software, 115, pp.1-16.
Huang, B. and et. al., 2018. Construction and demolition waste management in China through
the 3R principle. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 129, pp.36-44.
Jackson, B. J., 2020. Construction management JumpStart: the best first step toward a career in
construction management. John Wiley & Sons.
Lee, D. G., Park, J. Y. and Song, S. H., 2018. BIM-based construction information management
framework for site information management. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2018.
Li, M., Yu, H. and Liu, P., 2018. An automated safety risk recognition mechanism for
underground construction at the pre-construction stage based on BIM. Automation in
Construction. 91. pp.284-292.
Lu, W., Lai, C. C. and Tse, T., 2018. BIM and Big Data for Construction Cost Management.
Routledge.
Martinez-Aires, M.D. and et. al., 2018. Building information modeling and safety management:
A systematic review. Safety science. 101. pp.11-18.
Marzouk, M. and Al Daour, I., 2018. Planning labor evacuation for construction sites using BIM
and agent-based simulation. Safety science. 109. pp.174-185.
Mesároš, P. and et. al., 2018, November. Comparison of BIM education process in construction
management field at Technical University of Košice and University of Zagreb.
In 2018 16th International Conference on Emerging eLearning Technologies and
Applications (ICETA) (pp. 379-384). IEEE.
Wang, D. and et. al., 2018. Research on optimization of big data construction engineering quality
management based on RNN-LSTM. Complexity, 2018.
Whitlock, K. and et. al., 2018. BIM for construction site logistics management. Journal of
Engineering, Project, and Production Management. 8(1). p.47.
Yu, D. and Yang, J., 2018. Knowledge management research in the construction industry: a
review. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. 9(3). pp.782-803.
Online
What is BIM (Building Information Modelling)? 2018. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://constructible.trimble.com/construction-industry/what-is-bim-building-
information-modeling >
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