Practice and Management in Civil Engineering: A Comprehensive Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of civil engineering practices and management, focusing on various aspects of construction processes. It begins by exploring earthworks activities, equipment, and techniques, followed by detailed descriptions of methods and techniques used in creating complex foundations, piling works, and drainage systems. The report then delves into culvert and underpass construction, as well as the provision for utilities. A significant portion is dedicated to identifying hazards, risks, and safety arrangements in various construction scenarios, including excavations and working in confined spaces. The development of a site safety plan, risk assessments, and method statements is also included. Furthermore, the report evaluates the environmental, quality, geotechnical, and economic contexts of a civil engineering problem, proposes solutions, and describes methods used in highway design. Finally, it presents a civil engineering design proposal for a new infrastructure project, providing a well-rounded understanding of the subject matter.

Practice & Management
1

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................4
P1 Earthworks activities, equipments and techniques............................................................4
P2 Describe methods and techniques used to create complex foundations, piling works and
drainage works........................................................................................................................5
P3 Describe methods and techniques used in culvert constructions, underpass construction
and provision for utilities........................................................................................................7
LO2..................................................................................................................................................8
P4 Identify the hazards, risks and safety arrangements of excavations, working in confined
spaces, working in structures and for working within temporary works on highways..........8
P5 Develop and present a site safety plan, risk assessments and method statements for a given
civil engineering activity........................................................................................................9
LO3................................................................................................................................................10
P6 Evaluate the environmental, quality geotechnical and economic contexts of a given civil
engineering problem.............................................................................................................10
P7 Propose a solution to a given civil engineering problem................................................11
LO4................................................................................................................................................12
P8 Describe methods and techniques used in highway design.............................................12
P9 Develop a civil engineering design proposal of a new infrastructure project.................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
2

INTRODUCTION
Civil engineering is defined as an engineering discipline that has been based upon development
of design maintenance of environment and construction with the help of infrastructure
development. Engineering is based upon construction process along with the activities which is
associated as to develop various structures (West, Carrel and Kajfez, 2021). It is essential to
emphasize upon various information and negative consequences of the construction of upon
environment in order to undertake sustainable construction practices. Present report has been
conducted on the construction process of industrial complex. Present report includes various
methods to develop complex foundation, drainage work and piling work. Along with this report
also include techniques and method used in design along with civil engineering project.
LO1
P1 Earthworks activities, equipments and techniques
There are various processes in civil engineering that has been undertaken as to conduct
different type of activities of optional engineering. In this one activity is associated to conduction
of earthwork activities. This has been evaluated that earthwork activities mainly emphasize upon
the processing of earth surface parts that mainly include use of large amount of rocks or solid. It
has been identified that earthquake process in terms with the civil engineering is mainly consider
the suitable land to evacuate as to structure the applicable construction procedure. In this with the
help of directing and managing the system based application effectively helps in completing
project. In this by considering and directing planning criteria along with necessary movement
helps in managing work in effective manner. Furthermore it has been underlined that the process
of evacuation connects with the systematic work planning that effectively separate towards
suitable investigation structure, which is mainly based upon effective work formation structure in
which following procedure of information is being done in effective manner. In addition to this it
has been underlined that the basic idea behind or earth work processing is mainly imprecise upon
evacuation of land into a preferable condition that further can be utilised in order to conduct
3

process of any construction. Furthermore it has been evaluated that there are various forms of
technique as well as processes that can be undertaken in order to conduct activities in the
development of the proposed express highway.
Excavation and earthmoving equipment
There is an effective need of carry out earth moving as the evacuation in order to document the
earth work task, as to make sure that materials are being effectively utilised that further aid in
earth work activities or process of evacuation development (Zou and Zhang, 2021). It has been
evaluated that evacuation and earth work process mainly emphasize upon the form of equipment
that is required to be utilised as to assure smooth conditioning for earth moving and earth work
activities. Furthermore, this has been evaluated that earth moving and evacuation is mainly
focused upon rock as well as other materials movements with the assistance of heavy tools as
well as equipments which are:
Bulldozer:
In this design effective utilisation of hydraulic attachment within machine as to break
down the rocks as well as soils is done. It has been identified that soil pushing is being conducted
by effectively maintaining and successfully tracking equipments that further aid in soil and rocks
breaking as to carry construction process.
Dragline:
It has been identified that draglines effectively aid in bulk examination development due
to its ability to make relative control over and tire electrician process.
Dump Truck:
Drum truck effectively used in material transferring from one place to another during the
process of equation activity.
Excavation
This was mainly conducted as to develop the foundation for any form of construction
which is required to be carried out. It helps in breaking rocks and soils in simple part that helps
in enhancing efficiency of construction process. This process is mainly conducted with the
assistance of earth moving equipments that help in breakdown and soaring of the soil in
successful manner.
Haul and deposit
4

This are mainly two type of processes that are prevailing in process of conducting excavation. It
mainly includes the drilling and construction task (Todoroff and et. al., 2021). According to the
above case scenario this has been evaluated that the deposit and hauling task is conducted with
the use of tractors, trucks, bulldozer and cranes.
P2 Describe methods and techniques used to create complex foundations, piling works and
drainage works
There are number of methods that can be undertaken in order to conduct the process of filing for
complex foundation and drainage. Mention below there are some certain steps team mention as
to develop the foundation:
 Investigation of the soil where the foundation are required to be conducted.
 Determining actual corners of foundation on the soil as to make sure that foundation is
done in a successful manner.
 Undertaking evacuation process that will significantly in enhancing the overall
processing of the carriers.
Different types of piles
It has been determined that pile foundation can be characterized as the establishment types which
is profound and is as slender column that are reached with the assistance of cement or steel to
offer help to the pile structure that will be framed (Daoor, 2021). This shows that the pile
arrangement are of various kinds on the two classes that is basically emphasise around the
entertainers that are being utilized and the construction development measure which is to be
completed to lead the interaction of pile formulation.
Based on functions
 Sheet piles
 Load bearing piles
 End bearing piles
Based on the materials being utilized
 Steel piles
 Composite piles
 Timber piles
5

Techniques to install piling system and ground stabilization activities
It has been evaluated that, the strategies that is destined to be efficient the viable establishment of
the pile framework is engaged and the process of ground stabilization. It mainly focused upon
technique for building up the piles and the manners by which the establishment is being created.
This has been evaluated that methods of file foundation as well as installation process is
important in order to ensure effective designing of process (Baguant, 2021). With the help of pile
hammer pile foundation installation process in being conducted while boring process is mainly
undertaken by boring by mechanicals auger, as to make sure that installation process is done in
effective manner in the development of highway. It is essential to assure that sections of methods
are done in careful and effective manner. In order to undertake hammer process for the purpose
of installation it is essential to consider mentioned below activities:
 The space presence and the headroom on the sites
 Descriptions of the pile
 Elements those are restricting the successful accomplishment for the piling installation
process
 Bringing in restriction in noise development
P3 Describe methods and techniques used in culvert constructions, underpass construction and
provision for utilities
It has been evaluated that there are various forms of techniques as well as methods with the
help of which pile installation as well as ground stabilization activities can be conducted in an
effective manner:
 Jetting: With the help of this process, activity related to marinating the diffusion of piles
with the sand is done. It has been evaluated that this, process is however ineffective in the
firm to the firm clays which mainly include boulders, coarse gravel and cobbles.
6

 Vibration: It has been identified that in this, there is utilization of the vibrating hammers
that mainly depend on electrically fueled and containing the contra-pivoting
unpredictable masses inside the lodging joined to the heap head.
 Dropping the weight: In this process a hammer with estimated weight of the pile get
dropped from a height in a guide and then released to the ground as to make sure that the
hammer is striking the head of the pile
Culvert construction
 It has been evaluated that culvert construction is carried out by emphasising upon some
steps that is given below:
 It is essential to conduct diversion of traffic
 Excavation process is required to be conducted for the construction of the half culvert
Underpass construction
 In situ concrete
 Precast concrete units Thrust - bored units
Provision for utilities
The arrangements for utilities depend on the various kinds of infrastructure services which is
being offered to customers as open administrations being given (Mustaffa and Shah, 2021). This
must be taken into consideration that provision of utilities are mainly depend upon various types
of supply utilities which is being offered as developers, home builders which depend on the
direction that has been given by the public authority.
7

LO2
P4 Identify the hazards, risks and safety arrangements of excavations, working in confined
spaces, working in structures and for working within temporary works on highways
Hazards and risks are the components of construction process that are required to be
effectively consider in order to implement safety arrangements with the help of mitigation
strategy. It has been evaluated that risks and hazards can be of many types such as:
 Breakdown of the easily broken surfaces as well as roofs that can be in the process of
construction or requires renovation.
 It has been evaluated that major risks can be in terms of falls from the work at height that
can mainly undertake place in the construction process.
 Fall of certain objects such as heavy equipments in the construction process.
Hazards and Risks
This has been determined that large portion of the hazards that are to be relieved while working
in the development cycle depends on the assessed measure of work that will be done by the
people (Sarkar, Jha and Patel, 2021). This has been determined that, the construction process
mainly emphasise around usage and development of various set of equipments and activities
which is risk prone and heavy. It has been evaluated that these equipments risk prone because of
the environment wherein the working is being conducted. Supplies that are to be utilized in rode
to direct the constitution cycle are exceptionally cantered around the general improvement to be
led in the best manner. This prompts the demonstration that there can be the utilization of
substantial hardware, which may tend to fall, or breakdown in the middle of the development
cycle as these supplies are gigantic.
Techniques and methods in order to conduct productive as well as safe activities
 Evaluation of possible chemical hazard that can affect oxygen level which can further
lead towards breathing difficulty.
 Proper maintenance of protective system as well as excavation sides which is based on
excavation amount which is required to be conducted in addition with the soil type
which is required to be determined.
 Effective maintenance of subsurface soil as well as water table location data.
8

P5 Develop and present a site safety plan, risk assessments and method statements for a given
civil engineering activity
Safety plans
It is essential to conduct proper planning as to undertake engineering activities with the help of
safety approaches. Proper action plan can be conducted in order to conduct engineering process
in an effective manner (Zhao, 2021). It helps in considering elements which is essential to
identify long term management processing, in order to have effective control processing system.
In addition to this it has been underlined that the civil working plan also allows to effectively
managing long term efficiency planning. Risk management plan is also required to be
implemented in order to stop several precautions in order to conduct a systematic work.
Risk assessments
Risk assessment planning in terms of civil engineering structure and required to the
effectively access and make significant improvement. After evaluating risk it is essential to
consider effective solutions as to conduct work in effective manner in proper time frame. It is
essential to improve project life cycle by focusing upon monitoring and controlling in order to
conduct the construction process in effective manner. Furthermore, it has been underlined that
proper information processing by following various stages like planning, organising and
finishing are also required to be undertaken. It helps in conducting project in effective manner
while managing risks in effective manner.
It is essential to emphasise upon external and internal risk effectively. It helps in
conducting project with the help of future approaches that connects with social, political, weather
and economical based statement. It has been identified that risk management process integrated
with construction theme and essential work segment, in which it is essential to conduct risk
determination. It has been identified that civil engineering risk is mainly related with cost, time,
construction risk, technological risk and quality work.
Method statements
It is essential to analyse different risk methods and mitigate them in proper time frame in
order to conduct entire project in effective manner. It is essential to manage it equipment and
materials by determining the availability of productivity segment. It is essential for team to
effectively manage suitable construction and work planning information system based
9

engagement. Effective planning is required to be considered while evaluating external
environment as to conduct operations in effective manner.
LO3
P6 Evaluate the environmental, quality geotechnical and economic contexts of a given civil
engineering problem
In civil engineering field it is essential to undertake use of effective principles of soil and rock
mechanics in order to effectively determine sol condition before undertaking any construction.
Furthermore, it has been underlined that there are a number of issues that can be faced during
construction that can be in terms of economic, environmental, technical and quality. In context in
this it is essential to effectively monitor earthwork and foundation construction. It has been
underlined that with the rapid expansion of nanotechnology or geotechnology there are different
type of approaches that can developed engineering problems. In this with the help of number of
solutions these problems can be overcome (Al-Shehan and Assbeihat, 2021). It is essential to
construct industrial complex with the help of coordinating with environmental work. This has
been identified that there are various factors that are challenging for environment and
engineering. It is essential to overcome these problems in effective manner, as these issues or
challenges are resulted in failure of the system. It has been identified that there are number of
environmental factors that are affecting environment. The waste rock powder and any other form
of sight wastage are big dumped in nearby places. In addition to this uncontrolled landfills and
heavy metals are also affecting environment. Furthermore, it has been evaluated that cement
concentration are also affecting top soil surface and is increasing toxicity. In addition to this lack
of systematic and ineffective planning of the project in handling toxic chemicals are hampering
work culture quality. Furthermore, losses of life on construction site are also the major challenge
that engineering heads are facing. In addition to this, it has been underlined that code of ethics is
also missing in civil engineering that are required to be effectively considered as to emphasize
upon safety and health welfare of individuals.
10

P7 Propose a solution to a given civil engineering problem
It has been evaluated that civil engineering project are some or affecting various aspects of
economy along with human life. According to the above mentioned analysis this has been
identified that construction sites are creating dangerous situation for the environment. It is
essential to effectively overcome project complication with the help of various measures such as
taking green building certification for construction sites (Yang, 2021). In addition to this it is
also essential to take certification of the construction process in terms with material analysis.
With the help of this client can effectively minimise the cost and can offer safety standards to the
employees those were performing their work in construction site. It also helps in improving
technical and economical environment, as to make significant improvement in environment it is
essential to recycle construction material rather than dumping them in nearby areas. It has been
identified that London is already populated country thus, it is essential to make sure that society
does not hamper because of any construction activity. In this with the help of scientifically
working civil engineers can effectively maintain environment (Eray, Haas and Rayside, 2021). In
addition to this with the help of environmental management challenge of code of conduct can be
effectively overcome. In addition to this it is also help to understand contaminated land with the
use of ground board design. At last it has been identified that heavy material can cause health
and safety issues to employees. In this it is essential to add a proper guidance and manner with
the help of proper uniform and protection from heavy material equipments, proper planning
along with safety measures are required to be added in order to conduct appeal and construction
of industrial complex.
LO4
P8 Describe methods and techniques used in highway design
It has been evaluated that there are some certain forms of techniques as well as methods
that can be effectively utilized in highway designing. Some of the methods are:
 Clearing the site of construction
 Excavation and also the construction of the fills
 Shaping of the sub grade
11

 Earth road method
P9 Develop a civil engineering design proposal of a new infrastructure project
The present civil engineering design proposal of infrastructure complex in London requires
effective planning along with innovative implementation segment follow applicable pathway
with the help of suitable communication approaches. It helps in conducting all the functions in
effective manner. Along with this it is also essential to emphasize upon sustainable development
and maximize economic prospects of country. It has been identified that project is of large scale
that require diversify and extensive planning in contexts to make sure that proper protection is
being provided to environment and marine traffic. All the wastage are required to be effectively
manage in order to make sure that construction does not cause any adverse impact upon
environment (Ansari, 2021). From the above mentioned report has been determined hat civil
engineering are somehow causing adverse impact on economy and environment of country. In
this it is essential to make sure that have a materials those who are terms in open ground and
local places must recycle. It essential for engineers to engage in material laboratory tested in
order to assure ability of the products in the construction of industrial complex. It is essential to
undertake various measure in order engage in an effective construction process.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned report it has been concluded that, the civil engineering causes
impact in the ecological social and monetary of the country. As per the study, it is fundamental
for the engineers to undertake the material laboratory tested. With the expanding utilization of
the expressways has likewise been expanded thus it is essential to make them to make safe for
individuals of the country.
12