Construction Project Management (Health & Safety)

This document discusses the application of safety management system and safety management model in construction project management. It also analyzes the scope of international standards on safety management system and examines accident causation theory for accident prevention. The document further discusses documentation system and practices that can be fitted to the requirements of international standards. Recommendations for sustainable development are provided.

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT (HEALTH &
SAFETY)
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Application of the safety management system and safety management model..............................3
Analysis of the scope of the international standard on safety management system........................5
Examination of accident causation theory for accident prevention on E&M work efficiently.......7
Discussion on documentation system and practices that can be fitted to the requirement of the
international standard.....................................................................................................................10
Recommendation...........................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
Reference list.................................................................................................................................13
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Introduction
Occupational safety and health (OSH) play an important role in ensuring that all employees or
workers can perform their task effectively. By implementing this Act, it is easy to protect
workers from hazards work through sets out the responsibilities of each employee positively. The
purpose of this report is to examine broad aspects of the current safety management system of
PQ Company, which is a medium size E&M contract. The report highlights the scope of
international standard on the safety management system. Based on issues and problem of the
current safety management system, some relevant recommendation are highlighted to make a
positive change for sustainable development
Application of the safety management system and safety management model
A safety management system is elucidated as managing business activities through applying a
finite framework, process, and principles in order to minimize potential accident and risk
gradually. In 2017, about 35631 occupational injuries have been observed that is comparatively
lower than the 2016 record by 0.4% which is 35768 (Hkarms.org, 2019).
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Figure 1: Number of occupational injuries from 2008-2017
(Source: Labour.gov.hk, 2019)
The above figure signifies vulnerability of employee’s health and safety in workplace. Through
critical analysis, it is found that the number of accidents and injuries at construction gradually
decrease due to firm framework and principles. It can be said that safety management system
plays a significant role in assuring that all employees can perform their task or work vigilantly.
The safety management model also facilitates measuring the overall performance of a system by
conduction a safety audit. With the help of a safety audit, it is easy to implement, develop and
maintain safety management system in order to assure that all key elements of safety can be
monitored positively (Iso.org, 2019). One of the major benefits of a safety management system is
providing direction to an organization to achieve continuous improvement significantly. Under
section 9(1) (a) of the safety management regulation, the contractor is responsible to provide
appropriate and adequate resources to implement the policy so that a proper and firm approach to
commence the task can be applied for a maximum positive result. On another hand, an effective
management system enforces safety officer to regulate policy and responsibility of each
employee vigilantly that eventually minimize the change of potential risks and accidents.
According to section 9(3) of the Safety Management Regulation, the safety officer has to
monitor or control all possible changes within the workplace to assure that effectiveness and
reliability of an organization can be enhanced positively (Rit.edu, 2019). The implementation of
legislation, technology, and standards are needed to amend for a maximum positive result.
On the contrary, it is identified that safety auditor or safety review plays an important role under
Factories and Industrial undertaking Regulation in managing sustainability an implication of all
policy (Academic.csuohio.edu, 2019). The management model ensures that a legitimate process
has been followed to mitigate all potential risks and challenges by monitoring each step or
process vigilantly.
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Figure 2: Management model to develop, implement and maintain safety management
systems positively
(Source: abour.gov.hk, 2019)
Through critical analysis of management’s model, it can be asserted that a systematic process
has been implemented from planning to measure that provides a wide idea about business
process of an organisation. In 2017, about 3902 industrials accidents were recorded, which is
comparatively higher than the cases recorded in 2016 by 4.9% that is 3720 (OSHB, 2019).
Through the critical implementation of a safety management system, it is easy to set
responsibilities of each employee that eventually minimize the rate of potential risks.
Analysis of the scope of the international standard on a safety management system
An international standard has a significant impact on the safety management system in diving
into a legitimate process for a positive change. The occupational health and safety management
system enable an organisation to take a firm action to provide a safe workplace and work-related
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injury for sustainable development. Through implementing this regulation, it is easy to improve
OSH system by eliminating potential risks at the workplace for effective and sustainable
development. One of the major advantages of international standard is a continual improvement
of OH&S performance as well as the fulfillment of legal requirements positively for maximum
benefit (OSHB, 2019). With the help of international standard, an integrated process of health
and safety can be amended for wellbeing and wellness positively. It enforces organization to
record all the documents and incorporate with a legal document for sustainable development.
Apart from the safety and health of workers, it is an effective way to fetch the most reliable and
sustainable way to commence the task for the quality result (OSHB, 2019). It has been witnessed
that the process of embarking construction activities has changed in terms of productivity,
approach, and method. Now, there is a number of technologies and regulation under construction
that facilities in developing existing approach or techniques towards construction for a maximum
positive result. The major benefit of international standard is to enhance health and safety expert
by providing a framework to improve safety and reduce workplace risks for better safer working
condition.
There are two international standards under occupational health and safety ISO 14001 and ISO
9001 those facilities in implementing a firm framework within an organization in order to
improve construction approach. It has been witnessed that international labor has created a
significant role such as ILO-OSH guidelines that protect workers’ right and regulation in order to
eliminate workplace risks and accidents (Li and Wang, 2015, p.558). Therefore, it can be stated
that an international standard drives safety management system win construction to ensure that a
legitimate process can amend effectively. One of the major benefits of international standard is
determining firm policy and regulations to prevent accident and injuries at workplace. In 2017,
the number of industrial fatalities in the construction industry increased to 22 that are
comparatively higher to previous year data by 120% that is 10 (Labour.gov.hk, 2019). The
average of the past five year data signifies that there is a decline in accidents that demand a
positive change within the organisation such as SO 45001. In addition, these international
standard facilities in reducing the burden by providing a legitimate framework to improve
employee safety a create awareness regarding workplace safety and issues. Hence, it can be
stated that international standards support PQ Construction Company to implement all relevant
workplace safety and measure to ensure that work can perform their task vigilantly. On another
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hand, it has been witnessed that with incorporate with international law and regulation related to
occupational safety and health the productivity and effectiveness of construction get gradually
improved. It also enables the organization to apply s generic management system approaches as
per ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 that protect workers right positively (Hu et al. 2018, p.85).
Examination of accident causation theory for accident prevention on E&M work efficiently
An accident at the workplace brought a number of limitation and ineffective approach to a
system that is required to mitigate or improve to achieve zero accident case. Apart from
construction, accidents and injuries have been recorded in several industries that demand a firm
framework and policy to make sure a positive change within an organization can be amended
effectively. In 2017, there were about 4990 industrial accidents cases have been evident beverage
and food services, which is comparatively higher than 2016 that is 4975 (Lu et al. 2016, p.521).
In order to understand the broad perspective of accidents and limitation of workplace approach,
different theories are evaluated related to the accident to make sure positive change within an
organization can be amended effectively. According to human factors theory, it is incident that
there are numbers of factors or elements that influence the safety of an employee or worker such
as overload, inappropriate activities as well as inappropriate response (Erni, 2016, p.360).
Through this theory, it has been found that response towards risks and challenges are creating an
important role in assuring that a better result can be obtained positively. Under this theory, an
organization is required to determine all potential risks to formulate an effective strategy to sure
maximum benefit can be gathered positively (Cheung, 2016, p.48). As per this theory, it has been
witnessed that workers are required to provide training before commencing any task or activities
to ensure that maximum benefit can be gathered positively to make sure maximum benefit can
gather. Through proper training, it is easy to develop critical thinking among employees to apply
a new and innovative approach to mitigate potential risk vigilantly (Yeung, 2017, p.58).
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Figure 3: Human Factors Theory
(Source: Yeung, 2017, p.58)
Similarly, an accident/ incident theory helps in understanding the wide aspect of accident
workplace in a significant manner. It is an extension of human factors theory that implies that
decision-making process plays a significant role in ensuring that potential risk and challenges
can be triggered effectively (Li and Wang, 2015, p.558). This theory was developed by Dan
Petersen that asserted that system failure is one of the major factors for any accidents.
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Figure 4: Petersen’s Accident/Incident Theory
(Source: Hu et al. 2018, p.85)
As per this theory, any accident or injuries is the failure of management and policy such as a
comprehensive safety policy. In order to reduce or eliminate accident and hazardous prone areas,
it is essential to an audit of the entire process, investigation and correctness measurement to
minimize the adverse effect of potential risks. Hence, it can be stated that accident or injuries can
be positively mitigated or minimized through proper measurement and framework (Hu et al.
2018, p.85). Through critical analysis of this theory, it has been found that employees or worker
are not getting proper orientation that increases the vulnerability of employee’s health and safety
gradually.
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Discussion on documentation system and practices that can be fitted to the requirement of
the international standard
The documentation process plays a significant role in ensuring that positive and effective action
can be undertaken to ensure that potential risk and challenges can be mitigated effectively.
Through critical analysis of Hong Kong safety management system, it has been found that there
is a number of document and safety measures that are required to undertake to make sure a
positive and legitimate action can be amended to trigger potential risks. One of the major
documents that are required to amend is documentation of policy that ensures that a legitimate
process and approach can be applied to minimize accident prone areas. Through this document, it
is easy to monitor each and every on-going process systematically that eventually increase the
reliability and feasibility of construction activities (Li and Wang, 2015, p.558). It has been
witnessed that the regulation document is also required to amend that facilitates in monitoring all
the process and system followed in business operation to improve its effectiveness and reliability
positively. Most of the time, it is evident that written and communication documents are
important documents that facilitate in mainlining and measuring all incidents records. In the
international level, documentation process facilities in measuring a limitation system and
effectiveness of safety measurement system to prevent the probability of an accident at
workplace vigilantly. On another hand, it is realized that the documentation process helps in
improving the feasibility of the current procedure and approach to an accident so that
Occupational health and safety procedure can effectively be implemented. On the contrary, it has
been found that the integrated work approach is also an effective way to minimize potential risks
and hazardous areas. Hence, it can be stated that documentation of policies and registration
facilitates in protecting worker' right at the workplace.
In addition, it is found that risk assessment document is an essential component of a safety
measurement system that helps in determining all hazardous areas to assure that a firm strategic
solution can be amended for a maximum positive result. It has been evident that risk assessment
documents to make sure maximum benefit can be gathered positively. On another hand, it helps
in reducing the chance of risks at the workplace that eventually increases the ability and
feasibility positively (Yeung, 2017, p.58). A proper structure and responsibilities of each
associate employee are needed to amend to make sure workers can apply a new and innovative
approach to mitigate potential risks effectively. In order to enhance reliability and chances of
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accident-prone areas, it is essential to formulate an effective strategy to ensure that potential risks
and challenges can be mitigated for a maximum positive result.
Recommendation
The occupational safety and health is a major aspect of sustainable development by triggering all
potential risks and challenges that may create accident or injuries. It is recommended to amend a
firm framework or policy that provides a legitimate way to commence potential risk effectively.
It will help in building a legitimate process at the workplace to make sure employees can
perform their task or activities vigilantly. On another hand, it is also recommended to provide
training to all associate staffs and workers that develop critical thinking among employees to
tackle and handle potential risk effectively. Through proper training, employees can perform
their task new approach and techniques for a maximum positive result. In order to reduce or
eliminate accident and hazardous prone areas, it is recommended to implement audit process
within organization, investigation and correctness measurement that will facilitate in reducing
adverse effect gradually. Therefore, it can be asserted that identified recommendations’ need to
implement so that a positive change in construction approach can be achieved. It will also
facilitate in achieving zero accident at the workplace through ignoring or eliminating potential
positively.
Conclusion
The study can be concluded that occupational health and safety management system enables an
organisation to take a firm action to provide a safe workplace and work-related injury for
sustainable development. It has been witnessed that the process of embarking construction
activities has changed in terms of productivity, approach and method. Now, there is a number of
technologies and regulation under construction that facilities in developing existing approach or
techniques towards construction for a maximum positive result. It has been found that response
towards risks and challenges are creating an important role in assuring that a better result can be
obtained positively. Based on potential risk and challenges related to occupational health and
safety, some recommendations have been highlighted that will facilitate in improving the current
procedure. On another hand, it has also been witnessed that the organization is required to
determine all potential risks to formulate an effective strategy to sure maximum benefit can be
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gathered positively. According to human factors theory, it is incident that there is a number of
factors or elements that influence the safety of an employee or worker such as overload,
inappropriate activities as well as inappropriate response.
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