Strategic Management Literature Review

Running Head: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT LITERATURE REVIEW
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT LITERATURE REVIEW
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Discussion........................................................................................................................................2
Safety and hazards issues.............................................................................................................2
Technological competencies........................................................................................................5
Organisational structuring and restructuring...............................................................................9
Lack of effective communication..............................................................................................11
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................15
Reference.......................................................................................................................................16

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Introduction
The advent of globalisation increases the operation of the construction industry more
complex and dynamic. As a result of that it is important to figure out some important
determinants that are responsible to create obstacles in the process of the success of a project.
Therefore, the purpose of this discussion is to understand different factors that creates enormous
problem for a better construction project. In this context, the discussion carries out a research
with the help of some articles to understand what the basic problems are and how far those issues
can be mitigated.
Discussion
Safety and hazards issues
In the construction projects safety measures are considered to be one of the major factors
in order to set up a successful project. There are plenty of examples related to the workplace
hazards in the construction projects in the form of falls, trench collapse, electric shock, failure to
use proper protective equipment and repetitive motion injuries. Based on this understanding, it
can be argued that the safety measures become essential for the construction companies to
facilitate (Demirkesen and Arditi 2015). In his research Saurin et al. (2015) showed that there are
several incidents in the construction projects across the world where the safety measures are
failed to be implemented effectively and as a result of that the workers faced severe threat in
their in terms of their life threat. The recent statistics has revealed that in the developed countries
like United States, UK or in Hong Kong the authorities follow adequate and proper facilities in
order to ensure the health and safety of the workers (Zhang et al. 2015). On the contrary, in

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developing countries like China with the robust industrial boom and lucrative profits the
construction companies put less concern over the safety issues and as a result of that huge loss of
life and property is a regular phenomenon. In response to this Jafari et al. (2015) advocated that
the construction companies must put more importance on the safety issues so that the overall
project will get a successful outcome.
Highlighting the safety issues as a major challenge in the construction industry Yunus
and Latiffi (2016) argued that subcontracting the projects to speciality contractors can mitigate
the risk in a strategic way. While discussing the safety issues in the construction projects Guo,
Yiu and González (2016) had argued that it was the responsibility of the companies to employ
right people for the successful establishment of the project. However, most of the companies
tried to reduce their costs by appointing subcontractors in the projects. As a matter of fact, the
subcontractors are incapable to acknowledge the entire planning of the project. It requires
thorough knowledge of the various ideas and concept for developing an effective project
planning. The specialist contractors are needed in this context instead of the subcontractors. A
construction management is comprised of quality control, work sequence and information flows.
Without having adequate knowledge regarding different aspects of the construction project it can
be fatal for the workers. Moreover, Wu et al. (2015) advocated that it is possible to set up a
safety measures plan for the subcontractors as well. However, the competencies can be identified
in terms of the different type of equipment they use, the standard they follow and the working
conditions. These differences and variety in operations can lead to a detrimental impact on the
workers as they have little idea regarding the workplace health and safety. Therefore, a unitary
standard will be effective in order to procure a better workplace environment in construction
industry.

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Moreover, safety training is also identified as a key factor that can influence the rate of
safety hazards in the construction industries. As far as the perspective of Chen, Q. and Jin
(2015), he opined that on the basis of a research on the Philippines construction industry sector
the significance of safety training must be an integral part of the construction companies. In this
regard, the safety environment is considered to be an important aspect to influence the
performances of the workers. In his research Wu et al. (2015) showed that the safety training
facilities in the construction organisations facilitates the employee motivation, awareness and
safety performances that in return will be highly beneficial for the construction companies to
deliver successful projects with time and cost effectiveness. On the other hand, Guo, Yiu and
González (2016) puts more emphasis on the practice of an safety culture insider the operations of
a construction company. In this context, the safety culture will be comprised of attitudes,
behaviours, systems and the environmental factors. Based on this understand, the safety culture
in a construction company can be defined as an practice relied on the individual and group belief,
norms and attitude that reduces the risk factors and develop exposure of employees and public by
fostering a secure and safe construction project environment. In fact, the safety culture
encompasses all levels of employees associated with a project from the higher level managers to
the operation managers and the safety professional and workers. In this regard, there are four
predictive factors that are able to influence the safety culture such as the safety information
provided by the operation managers, safety measures carry out by the employees and workers,
understanding and figuring out the safety measure by the higher authority and the safety co-
ordination.

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Safety Leadership Framework
(Created by the author)
On the other hand, it is pertinent to plan the safety training practices. There are several
techniques that are responsible to draw a perfect plan for safety training process. In this context
Chen, Q. and Jin (2015) propounded a new dimension by advocating an effective learning
process to conduct a successful safety training process. The written documentation and of the
safety proficiency and the skill demonstrations are highly relevant in this aspect. Therefore, the
learning process can be based on three basic learning styles in the form of visual learning,
auditory learning and hands on learning. In addition to this, the Incident Reporting Systems
(IRSs) can stimulate the learning process by identifying the exact reason behind the workplace
hazards (Zhang et al. 2015).
Technological competencies
Risk management in construction project is identified as a process to harmonise the risks
and opportunities that includes proper action between the organisational practice and the