Building Construction Plan & Approval Process

This assignment explores the process of building construction planning, focusing on Australian regulations. It outlines various building approval types, including local, integrated, complying, exempt, and NSW-specific approvals. The importance of adhering to the National Construction Code and municipal council regulations is emphasized. Common defects in walls and foundations are discussed, along with a sample project timeline using network diagrams and Gantt charts.

Construction Work and Plan Building 1
A RESEARCH PAPER ON THE CONSTRUCTION WORK AND PLAN BUILDING
A Research Paper on Construction By
Student’s Name
Name of the Professor
Institutional Affiliation
City/State
Year/Month/Day

Construction Work and Plan Building 2
INTRODUCTION
This research paper evaluates the construction of a two-storey building by outlining
the process of approval and the required certificates from applications for construction
approval to the construction's occupation. The numerous categories of construction approvals
which are being applied in the state in question such as local, integrated, complying, and
exempt are also to be discussed by nominating clearly the category in which the development
would be under. The dissimilarity between the options of privately certified versus local
government approvals of the state in question.
The various defects shown in the photos are also to be identified as well as the
impacts they have on the operation of the buildings. There is also a need to produce a
schedule for construction in the format of critical path analysis and a Gantt chart. The initial
planning will include the start and end dates, duration of every task, list of tasks. The
standards that have been considered for the approval process and certification is Australia
(James, 2014).
Approval Process and Certificates Required
The process of construction in Australia requires a developer to put into
considerations the numerous requirements that require being fulfilled before the process of
building can be undertaken. Every developer needs to diligently carry out issues that are
likely to be confronted in the construction process. The different types of building approvals
which are applied in Australia include:
Exempt Approval: In this type of approval, there is low impact on the local government and
may not require approval from Council if it attains certain standards under state
environmental planning policy and state environment planning policy (Mant, 2015).

Construction Work and Plan Building 3
Complying Approval: This is a fast-track process of approval for proposals of developments
that are straightforward like new home or renovations of homes. The standards can be
determined by a private or Council certifier without the need for a complete application
development.
Local Approval: In this type of approval, all the development requiring the Council’s consent
are specified under the Port Stephen Local Environment Plan of 2013. This means that in any
construction, the local approval requires consent before the work is undertaken and should be
lodged with the Council (Teshom, 2012).
Integrated Approval: This type of approval is an approval that involves constructions situated
on land identified as prone to bushfire or constructions within the roads belonging to the
public. There is a requirement of an administration fee for both the maritime and roads
services. In case of this development, the type of approval that this construction would fall
under is local approval which can be categorized into two major sections.
The certification and inspection of the project is an important phase which is required
by the law that will ensure that the building is in accordance with the council regulation,
Building Code of Australia, relevant Australian Standards, specifications, and approved
plans, to make sure that the structural amenity, safety, health, and integrity is met (Teshom,
2012).
Regulations,

Construction Work and Plan Building 4
Local Government Approvals
The initial step that is necessary for the developer to give them with registration
certificates from the professionals who are registered that are charged with the supervision of
building project construction. The certificates of registration include certificates from the
structural and architect-engineer who are normally charged with ensuring stability and
enforcing quality control of the structure during its construction. The professionals also fill a
declaration of indemnity which indemnifies the authorities on any claims in the event of
mishap or construction fault hence taking complete responsibility of ensuring that the
construction is according to the relevant design standards and building codes (Teshom, 2012).
Other documentation that requires being furnished to the authorities for approval of building
processing include:
 Full application for approval for building permit
 Recent annual rates receipts
 The property ownership documents
The major regions that the authorities charge for entails infrastructure development, site
signage fees, fees for the occupational certificate, and fees for site inspection (Vandoros,
2014).
Private Certified Approval
For Private Certified Approval, there first step is to send the copy of details of the
contact and the plans of Council plans together with supporting consent conditions to Private
Certifiers Australia. The information can be sent through email of through phone call. The
Private Certifiers Australia will then review the approved plans of the Council, supporting
information, and consent conditions. The Private Certifiers Australia will then prepare an
agreement of Consultancy to perform the roles on Principal Certifying Authority Role and the
issue of a construction Certificate.

Construction Work and Plan Building 5
The services engagement shall be through acknowledgement of the consultancy
agreement and work scope as outlined. The engagement and acknowledgement are is situated
on the final page of the consultancy fee submission. The Private Certifiers Australia will then
issue a Construction Certificate form. Ounce Private Certifiers Australia has been reviewed,
received, and verified the information submitted as conforming to the consent’s conditions,
the Building Code of Australia and any other necessities as stipulated by the Private Certifiers
Australia. The certificate of construction will then be issued to the applicant in strict
accordance with the Environmental Assessment and Planning Act 1979.
After the Construction Certificate has been issued to the applicant, the applicants will
be required to inform the applicable the Environment Assessment and Planning Act 1979.
Council of the Commencement of Building Works onsite. The certificate issued can be
subjected to an alternate regulatory building approval framework under the Environmental
Assessments and Planning Act 1979.
Defects in the Proposed Development and how they can be impacted upon
The foundation defect below is known as brick footing backfill damage. The defect is
as a result of earth pressure, frost, and water.
In the masonry block construction, wall or foundation cracks happen more frequently in the
joints of the motor, however, may also happen through and across the blocks themselves. The

Construction Work and Plan Building 6
defect above can be prevented by not exceeding the pressure limits of the building which may
cause the footing to crack. Floods passing below the footing level can also cause this defect
since the running water will weaken the footing by washing away the components that
strengthen the wall. This defect can be prevented by making the footing to be strong enough
to withstand pressure and water from outside (Vandoros, 2014).
The construction defect shown in the figure below is known as vertical cracking. The
vertical cracking occurs due to shrinkage and expansion of concrete blocks.
The cracks in the construction walls tend to be more serious on the walls of the centre
from the external pressure and loading. The defect of the wall takes place during settlement
of foundation. Weak foundation is normally caused by wrong ration of mixture of the
concrete, water, and sand (Vandoros, 2014).
The defect below is known as Diagonal Cracks and occurs in footing as well as the
block wall. The diagonal crack can appear in numerous structural components and materials

Construction Work and Plan Building 7
and it indicates the actual differential settlement or vertical movement in the structure. The
defect is caused by a sinkhole near or under the footing and also occasionally frost heaves
(Silva, 2013).
List of Tasks for Project 1
Task Duration (Days) Start
General Requirement 4 01/01/2018
Site Preparation 2
Concrete Construction 3
Brick and Block Construction 6
Installation 3
Roofing 4
Cladding 2
Doors and Windows 2
Block and Tile Finishes 3
Painting 4
Timber Fixtures 3
Electrical and Mechanical installation 3
Fences and External Walls 4
Landscaping 2 02/12/2017
Critical Path Analysis
After laying out the list of tasks, the correct activities sequence and network diagram
would look like the figure below before the calculation of the earliest start time and latest
finish time for every activity (Vandoros, 2014).

Construction Work and Plan Building 8
The next step is to determine the earliest start time for every activity in the list of tasks above.
The remaining earliest start time may be added to the diagram of the network as shown
below:
The latest finish time portrays the latest time an activity must be finished by evading delay to
the project (James, 2014). The latest finish time is determined by observing the right to left
on the network diagram as shown below:
Gantt chart
The Gantt chart which will be utilized by the research team during the period research is as
shown in the figure below:

Construction Work and Plan Building 9
Conclusion
This research paper is about construction work and plan building. The approval
process and certificates required for the construction of the building in question have been
discussed according to the regulations of Australia. The different types of building approvals
namely local, integrated, complying, exempt, and NSW have been discussed in this paper.
The two major areas of involvement in approvals while constructing the building below in
Australia is through seeking approvals from the National Construction Code and from the
municipal councils. A municipal council is an option of local government in Australia while
National Construction Code is a privately certified approval. The various types of defects that
can occur in the walls and foundation of a building include vertical failure, horizontal failure,
and block foundation backfill damage.

Construction Work and Plan Building 10
Bibliography
James, K., 2014. Critical-Path Planning and Scheduling. Melbourne: Proceedings of the Eastern Joint
Computer Conference.
Mant, J., 2015. Observations on NSW Land Use Planning and Regulations. Sidney: IEEE.
Silva, V., 2013. Defects of No-Loadbearing Masonry Walls Due to Partial Basal Supports. Moscow:
Journal of Construction and Building Materials.
Thom, T., 2012. Durability Problems of 20th Century Reinforced Concrete Heritage Structures and
Their Restorations. Michigan: Technical University of Catalonia.
Vandoros, K., 2014. Concrete jacket construction detail effectiveness when strengthening RC
columns, Construction and Building Materials. Perth: Gale Art and Engineering Lite Package.