Impact of Government Action on UK Housing Market

This report examines the impact of government interventions on the UK housing market from 2009-2019. It discusses the changes in average house prices, economic determinants of these changes, and the role of government actions. The report also explores the potential impact of COVID-19 on the UK housing market.

Contemporary
Business Environment
(Evaluating internal and external business
environment)

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
1. How have average house prices in the UK changed over the period from 2009 - 2019?. .3
2. What are the economic determinants of the changes outlined in your answer to Question 1?
................................................................................................................................................5
3. How has government action over the period 2009-2019 affected the UK Housing market?
................................................................................................................................................8
4. Predict what would be the impact of COVID-19 on UK Housing Market?......................9
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Business environment specifically consists of both external and internal factors which
impacts negatively and positively on an organisation. Over the years, housing industry of United
Kingdom has been going through different range of issues like fluctuation among the prices of
houses which has not only impacted negatively on overall performance level but also it has
raised concerns for many business organisations that are dealing at small and medium level
(Hamilton and Webster, 2018). Present report is going to be enclosed with average house prices
in United Kingdom which has changed from the period of time of 2009 to 2019.
Also, report will also be delivering information in relation to economic determinants of
alterations which affected house prices in United Kingdom. On the other hand, what were the
government actions that affected UK housing market is also so going to be enlightened in this
assignment. Lastly, the impact of Covid-19 is also going to be mentioned in this report.
MAIN BODY
1. How have average house prices in the UK changed over the period from 2009 - 2019?
Over the years, house prices within United Kingdom carried dynamic nature where it has
been analysed that 2013 was considered to be the year where highest prices with hike ok of 9%
came in front. On the other hand, fluctuation among house prices impacted negatively on overall
performance level of the entire housing market of United Kingdom. Including this, House costs
are influenced by various variables, for example, contract rates, flexibly, and request available.
In the event that request exceeds gracefully, house costs are probably going to increment.
United Kingdom (UK) has the absolute most noteworthy house costs in Europe. Starting
at July 2019, private property costs in the United Kingdom (UK) saw their most minimal yearly
increment since 2012. The normal cost of a house in the UK expanded by 1.1 percent in the year
before July 2019, arriving at an expected estimation of about 216 thousand British pounds in the
second quarter of 2019 (Baptista and et. al., 2016).
Expanding housing costs: It is considered to be a European marvel where the pattern of
expanding housing costs isn't selective to the UK. When contrasting a few European nations'
private property RHPI (value file in genuine terms, for example amended for expansion), houses
turned out to be increasingly costly from 2013 onwards in the UK, Ireland, Germany, Denmark
and the Netherlands (Orford, 2017).

Private in UK not expected to get less expensive: Costs are not expected to quit rising.
Or maybe, it is anticipated that private costs will become further in the coming a very long time
as the British government will begin to pull together on local issues after Brexit. The start of
2009 saw the most reduced costs for houses in the UK with a normal of 157.2 thousand British
pounds. Since January 2013, the normal house cost has been expanding on a practically quarterly
premise. As the market remains as of February 2020, the normal house cost in the UK was 230.3
thousand British pounds. The most noteworthy house value change since 2007 was enlisted
somewhere in the range of 2013 and 2014, when house costs developed with just about nine
percent (Kobayashi, 2016).
The above mentioned chart specifically shows yearly paces of genuine house value
expansion since 2008 and, subsequently, from around the time the money related emergency
started to unfurl. The period is portrayed by intense instability and with genuine house costs over

the UK falling at a yearly pace of 16 percent in 2009 and by as much 29 percent in Northern
Ireland (Cook and Watson, 2016).
The UK saw a bounce back in ostensible and genuine house value development in the period
from 2013, driven by a solid flood in costs in London and the South East, and bolstered by
government activities, for example, help to buy intended to assist individuals with standing to
purchase property. Be that as it may, house value development at that point started to ease from
ahead of schedule/mid 2016.
A portion of the facilitating might be halfway because of any over the top bubble ebbing
from the market, particularly in London, and the effect on the interest for purchase to-let
speculations coming about because of decreases in charge alleviation on premium instalments on
purchase to-let contracts. Notwithstanding, the lodging market is famously touchy to
vulnerability, which isn't astonishing when you think about the size of the venture individuals are
making when they enter the market. The vulnerability encompassing Brexit and the UK's future
exchanging connections will have been a delay request and thus on house costs (Panagiotidis and
Printzis, 2016).
2. What are the economic determinants of the changes outlined in your answer to Question 1?
House costs are controlled by supply and demand where on the off chance that request
rises or if gracefully falls, the balance cost of houses will rise. Thus, it can be said that if the
demand increases then automatically the supply also rises where the harmony cost are ultimately
will fall. Along these lines, the house costs rise so quickly during the 2013, yet fall in the same
year. The reasons lies fundamentally in change in the interest for lodging. There are different
range of economy related determinants which has not only impacted upon the housing market of
United Kingdom but also raised issues to overcome all the problems that are being faced by
small and medium-sized agencies that belongs to housing market. Some of these determinants
have been portrayed underneath;
Earnings (real and foreseen):- In the asking of the 2009 was the ideal opportunity for
quickly rising wages. The economy was encountering a financial aspects "Growth". Numerous
individuals needed to spend their additional wages on lodging; either purchasing a house just
because, or moving to a superior one. Numerous individuals imagined that their earnings would
proceed to develop and were in this way arranged to extend themselves monetarily in the present
moment by purchasing a costly house, sure that their home loan instalments would turn out to be

increasingly more reasonable after some time. In 2010/11 on the other hand, were times of
downturn, with rising joblessness and either is falling or considerably more gradually developing
livelihoods. Individuals had considerably less certainty about their capacity to manage the cost of
huge home loans (Gurran and Bramley, 2017).
The expense of home loans:- In mid 2009 the home loans rates was not as much as now.
That implied individuals could manage the cost of bigger home loans and in this way bear to
purchase progressively costly houses. Yet, contracts financing costs were currently rising.
Numerous individuals thought that it was hard to keep up existing instalments, let along to take
on a bigger home loan. In 2013 home loans rates were commonly decreased once more, again
fuelling the interest for houses. In any event, when the financing costs rose slowly over the
period from 2014 to 2017 they didn't approach the rates arrived at like previously. By 2013/40,
be that as it may, higher home loan financing costs were getting progressively unreasonably
expensive for some individuals and this was one factor adding to the underlying downturn in
lodging costs.
The accessibility of home loans:- In the beginning of 2009 and till December of 2011,
housing market of United Kingdom specifically boomed where the contracts were promptly
accessible. With house costs rising, banks and building social orders were set up to acknowledge
littler stores on houses and to loan a bigger numerous of individuals' salary. All things
considered, if borrowers somehow happened to default, loan specialists would at present have an
excellent possibility of recovering all their cash. In the asking of the 2011 banks and building
social orders were progressively careful about conceding contracts. They knew that, with falling
house costs, rising joblessness and the developing issue of negative value, there was an expanded
peril that borrowers would default on instalments. In 2011/13 the issue was exacerbated by credit
crunch, implying that banks had less cash to loan (Wijburg and Aalbers, 2017).
Speculation related to prices of houses in United Kingdom:- Housing market of United
Kingdom specifically saw growth wherein individuals for the most part accepted that house costs
would keep rising. This urges individuals to purchase at the earliest opportunity and take out the
greatest home loan conceivable, before costs went up any further. There was additionally an
impact on gracefully. Those with houses to sell kept down until the last conceivable second in
the desire for getting a more significant expense. The net impact was rightward move in the
interest bend for houses and leftward move in the supply bend. The impact of this theory,

accordingly, was to help achieve the very impact that individuals were foreseeing. In 2009 the
inverse happened. Individuals considering purchasing houses kept down, wanting to purchase at
a lower cost. Individuals with houses to offer attempted to sell as fast as conceivable before costs
fell any future. Again the impact of this theory was to exasperate the adjustments in costs this
time a fall in costs.
Unemployment rate: This is another crucial economic determinant that came in front
which has impacted upon on demand and supply of housing and on the prices as well. In the year
of 2007, the whole world was going through financial crisis which has also raised in
unemployment rate in United Kingdom. This raised concerns where most of the business
organisations would required to fire ample number of employees and this also affected the whole
GDP rate of United Kingdom as well. Due to rise in unemployment rate, buyers specifically
become unable to purchase lands and houses. Identified with monetary development is
joblessness. At the point when joblessness is rising, less individuals will have the option to bear
the cost of a house. In any case, even the dread of joblessness may dishearten individuals from
entering the property showcase.
Interest fees: Financing costs influence the expense of month to month contract
installments. A time of high-financing costs will expand cost of home loan installments and will
cause lower interest for purchasing a house. High-financing costs make leasing moderately
progressively appealing contrasted with purchasing. Loan fees have a greater impact if property
holders have huge variable home loans. For instance, in 2013, the sharp ascent in financing costs
caused a precarious fall in UK house costs on the grounds that numerous mortgage holders
couldn't bear the cost of the ascent in loan costs.
Monetary development: Interest for lodging is reliant upon pay. With higher monetary
development and rising wages, individuals will have the option to spend more on houses; this
will build request and push up costs. Actually, interest for lodging is regularly noted to be pay
versatile (extravagance great); rising salaries prompting a greater % of pay being spent on
houses. So also, in a downturn, falling wages will mean individuals can't bear to purchase and
the individuals who lose their employment may fall behind on their home loan installments and
end up with their home repossessed (Murdoch and Abram, 2017).

3. How has government action over the period 2009-2019 affected the UK Housing market?
Over the years from 2009 to 2019, government has made ample number of interventions in
order to help United Kingdom's housing market. Some of the interventions has also impacted
positively on overall performance level of agencies that are working in housing industry. On the
other hand, it is the duty of Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) and Bank of England to set
Interest rates in UK. The MPC works freely from the Government. Prior to 1997, financing costs
used to be set by the Chancellor. It was contended, with a level of legitimization, loan costs were
dependent upon political inspiration.
The administration now just sets the MPC an expansion focus of CPI = 2% +/ - 1. The
MPC intends to keep expansion as near this objective as could be expected under the
circumstances (Al-Shemmeri and Naylor, 2017). On the off chance that swelling is above or
beneath this level, the legislative leader of the Bank of England needs to compose a letter of
clarification to the chancellor. In principle, they just objective swelling; anyway practically
speaking they may consider the impacts of financing cost changes on monetary development,
joblessness, and to a lesser degree the housing market and the conversion scale. The Government
is in a manner attempting to forestall house costs falling by: Rescuing banks and urging them to
loan for example RBS, Northern Rock and so on. The MPC is radically slicing loan fees to make
getting less expensive. The legislature is squeezing the banks to pass these rate cuts on. Decrease
in VAT and expanded spending, could confine the degree of the downturn (Hulse and Yates,
2017).
Then again, in the current financial emergencies it is hard to perceive any administration
strategy which could effectively forestall house costs fall. This is because of that there is a solid
contrary force in houses costs, individuals imagine that they are exaggerated and banks would
prefer not to loan. Henceforth it doesn't have any effect what so ever government says or
attempts to do (Samad and et. al., 2016). The main strategy which truly would have balanced out
house costs would be better adjustment of the credit blast and bust. On the off chance that the
administration had constrained banks to spare more and offer credit in the blast, the blast would
have been less and banks would now have more assets to keep up loaning in the present
downturn. Along these lines, the legislature can't generally stop house costs falling. In any case,
they should discover much better arrangements to forestall a rehash of the blast and bust we have
encountered twice in the previous 17 years.

4. Predict what would be the impact of COVID-19 on UK Housing Market?
The prices of housing industry within UK had started to recover from the uncertainty that is
caused by brexit and also get victory in December in order to set the market up for the better start
within 2020. But with the arrival of COVID-19 along send the UK into lockdown which means
the buyers could not visit the houses and does not take significant step in order to move and shift
(House prices see the largest drop since 2009 reveals Nationwide, 2020). Along with this the
domestic economy also hit hard on the profitability of the real estate with the impact of COVID-
19 on UK that leads to decrease the prices of houses. Along with this within a month the house
prices face the biggest monthly drop since 2009 which describe the nationwide house price index
revealed and fell by around 1.7%. The housing market activity slowly and sharply result the
measures that is implemented in order to control the spread of virus (Esposito, Tse and Soufani,
2017).
Along with this the centre of economics and the investigators predict that the housing prices
will fall by around 13% at the end of the year because of the pandemic. They also revealed that
the impact will vary across the country depend on the regions and the manpower was also Hit
hard because of the impact of corona virus. They also predict that the housing prices in
Yorkshire and Northern Ireland will falls the hardest and the reason behind is that the main
industries considering the manufacturing construction retail and Hospitality have been hit the
hardest (How badly will coronavirus hit UK house prices in 2020?, 2020). In terms of this the
government offer the huge package in order to support the lack of demand and because of the
pandemic many workers lose their job and lot of them will face cut in the incomes. Apart from
this it is very early to suitable assess the potential long term impact on the current lockdown that
has on the UK housing market which can become the significant uncertainty at the present time
and also take lot of restrictions body housing business. In terms of this the housing and sales
agents suffered a lot as the lockdown impact the prices and leads to reduce the sales numbers
(Ho, 2017).
Despite from this, the pandemic triggers innovation and because of this government develop
suitable policies impeding the development of houses that release the green belt land around and
also reform the text system considering the permission of local authorities regarding the
development. In addition to this it is analysed that the impact on house prices and rate of the
historic epidemics within the Paris and Amsterdam found quite relative for the short life and

localised people that leads to reduce the house prices and rent. Despite from this lifting lockdown
restrictions give the kick-start to the market and property industry by considering the various
ways to stimulate the activity (Bonnet and et. al., 2016). The Government of UK extend the help
to purchase the scheme that provide the Government support to the people in order to purchase
and built their new properties. Therefore, general support regarding the development of housing
and industry need to make sure the supply of fresh housing stock.
Conclusion
With the help of above mentioned report, it can easily be said that economic crisis along
with the Hike among interest rates of banks and policies and procedures of government has
impacted housing market in both positive and negative manner. It has also summarised that, The
immediate arrangement of social lodging is just a single manner by which governments
endeavour to upgrade housing industry for low-pay family units. Numerous nations additionally
have some type of means-tried remittances for rental convenience. The plan, take-up also,
liberality of rental recompenses shift generally across nations. They seem, by all accounts, to be
generally noteworthy in Ireland, the United Kingdom and some Nordic nations as far as the
worth and inclusion of appropriations.

REFERENCES
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Bonnet, F and et. al., 2016. Better residential than ethnic discrimination! Reconciling audit and
interview findings in the Parisian housing market. Urban Studies. 53(13). pp.2815-2833.
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market: Comovement, cyclical subsamples and alternative indices. Urban
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Esposito, M., Tse, T. and Soufani, K., 2017. Is the circular economy a new fast‐expanding
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Gurran, N. and Bramley, G., 2017. Urban Planning and the Housing Market. Palgrave
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Hamilton, L. and Webster, P., 2018. The international business environment. Oxford University
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Ho, S., 2017. Can Money Illusion Effect Explain Hong Kong Housing Market?.
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restructuring on housing market dynamics. Housing studies. 32(3). pp.253-270.
Kobayashi, M., 2016. The housing market and housing policies in Japan.
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planning for housing. Taylor & Francis.
Orford, S., 2017. Valuing the built environment: GIS and house price analysis. Routledge.
Panagiotidis, T. and Printzis, P., 2016. On the macroeconomic determinants of the housing
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Samad, D and et. al., 2016. Malaysian affordability housing policies revisited. In MATEC Web of
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Online
House prices see the largest drop since 2009 reveals Nationwide. 2020. [Online] Available
through <https://www.idealhome.co.uk/news/coronavirus-impact-on-the-housing-market-
244791>./
How badly will coronavirus hit UK house prices in 2020?. 2020. [Online] Available through
<https://www.cityam.com/how-badly-will-coronavirus-hit-uk-house-prices-in-2020/>./