Analysis of Tourism and Sport Research Papers

This assignment involves a detailed analysis of several research papers related to tourism and sport. The papers cover topics such as the impact of terrorism on the travel industry, cross-cultural validation of memorable tourism experiences, and the effects of the Internet on travel and tourism. The analysis also includes references to various studies and publications, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this field.

Contemporary Issue in Travel
and Tourism Sector

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Different current issues by using proper approaches and resources.................................3
1.2 Analysis various issues by using appropriate methods and techniques...........................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Evaluate of current trends influencing in tourism sector..................................................5
2.2 Covered in Poster.............................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Analyse response towards change in travel and tourism sector.......................................7
3.2 Strategies development in relation to response to changes by selected business entity...8
3.3 Justify the strategies which are using in response to modification................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Impact of issues and trends on driven business context.................................................11
4.2 Results when the change is not dealt properly...............................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the indispensable industry in global level. The term tourism is not only
composed with leisure travellers but also business traveller, non-leisure visitor etc. In the recent
scenario, the travelling purpose has entirely changed in the recent scenario as the tends are
modifying each day (Becker, 2016). This report will study various tour operators and travelling
companies to carry out issues and trends to discover the techniques and methods through which
different problems can be resolved. This report will also investigate numerous trends in this
sector along with strategies or schemes through which selected tourism and travel. At last, this
will assess the consequences and impact on Trailfinder, a tour operator company of United
Kingdom they fail to respond to change.
TASK 1
1.1 Different current issues by using proper approaches and resources
This is paramount for the country to consider the various problems and issues that
restrain the tourism growth of nation. London is one of the most beautiful and stupendous
tourism destination. But as the tourism of London Excel is emerging each day, there are various
issues which has been identified in this sector linked with industry, tour agencies and other state
bodies. They also are working over the probable solution of those issues to carry out effective
outcome:
Technological Advancement & Disintermediation: After the technologies alternation
and modification in the tourism sector, the annual income of country has been increased in UK.
But it has led to numerous organisational issues within country such as disintermediation. This is
declining in the work of enterprise as well. Through this is assisting for the enterprise and
national growth as this is leading to better working method as well as ease in work in more
appropriate manner. Titan Travel is majorly facing the problems of indecisive characteristics that
is impacting the organisation in more negative manner (Cohen and Cohen, 2015).
Ecotourism: The terms has been carried out in trending in new tourism and travelling
sector as this can aid the country in maintaining and coordinating the activities accordingly. As
pollution and environment has become major concern, through ecotourism, London has catered
major changes in their structure including information management and growth of company
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disrupting the digital technologies within the enterprise. Through the online portal service, one
can serve themselves through booking online tickets, hotels and other services etc.
Urbanisation or Urban Tourism: Urban Tourism can be referred as the term which is
explaining the multiple tourist practices that a country's main interest or destination. As this has
become one of trending word, organisation has been facing the issues of more urban tourism can
decline the other destination and places of tourism. Titan travel as come up with this issues that
need to be solved through developing and modernising less urbanised places. Through promoting
and effective advertising, this can be resolved in more efficient way (Cohen and et. al., 2014).
1.2 Analysis various issues by using appropriate methods and techniques
Travel and tourism industry has been developing widely from last few decades as people
now prefer more travelling activities and discover new adventures. As per the above-mentioned
report, the company manager has carried out major issues and changes incurred within the
company providing some suggestion to prevent these. People are more likely attracted to those
destination which are thrilling, more satisfying and less costly. But there are few issues that has
been identified in United Kingdom tourism after the Brexit that has limited the growth of Titan
Travel. Some of them are mentioned as below:
Post-Brexit Issues: As this is still uncertain what influence Brexit will carry out on the
economy or tourism of United Kingdom. This may impact as long or short-term challenges such
as vary in customer behaviour and confidence like immigration and employment law change,
purchasing power issues, posted employee impact as well as directive of working time etc. There
can be other major influence such as uncertainty over movements of foreign rate of exchange,
input costs changes like commercial consideration like worker, lease costs, worker etc. This is
required for company to set all of these on more wider and broad agenda.
Terrorism: Emerging threats are increasing more and more each day, but the terrorism is
one of the biggest challenges that UK is facing recently. Recent attack of terrorist in United
Kingdom has influenced the domestic country's tourism as traveller or tourists like more safe and
secure place to roam to enjoy their visit freely (Connell, 2013). Where, state has been working
over the case strict the terms and policies of tourism. For e.g. Manchester bombing and terrorist
attack.
Hence, this can be state from analysing various issues within the travel and tourism
industry that there are several issues such as terrorism, post-brexit issues, environment issues etc.
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that an organisation is facing within the tourism sector that is needed to resolve in order to
achieve the proper targetted outcome of applied activities in more significant manner.
TASK 2
2.1 Evaluate of current trends influencing in tourism sector
New market trends are more alternative and flexible that changes within certain time
period. Back then, people use to visit or travel with the purpose of business and elite for funds
and adventures, but after the introduction of digital technologies and better marketing, wanders
and traveller numbers are increasing each day. Thus, it is required for Titan Travel to alter and
investigate major issues in market along with the trends for creating more exciting and
informative packages for their consumer (Dickinson and et. al., 2014).
Adventure Tourism
The new modern tourism trends are more different than the previous era or travelling
trends. This is a niche of tourism that include travelling to remote places, trekking, bungee
jumping etc. It is the sort of tourism which increase individual productivity and create more team
creativity and strengths. Titan travel, hence, structure more packages and deals for their clients to
support their offers of adventures.
Sports Tourism
This has become one of the popular and more trending niche of tourism that has led
nation toward more tourists and travellers. Titan Travel has carried out the sports tourism plans
of which assistance, firm can enhance their profitability along with manager more exercise for
them. For e.g. at the time of Olympics and Paralympics were coordinated in London, 2012,
visitor numbers that were increased in this nation. As per the report, the number of tourism was
increased 36.7millions in 2016.
Thus, it indicates that London and United Kingdom has been deployed their services and
tour operators as well as providing more packages linked with travel and tourism sector. By the
assistance of this, company can also compete their competitor’s enterprise in effective way.
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This can be presented through the shown illustration that number of tourists has been
increasing from past few years cause of increment in sports activities in United Kingdom. The
visitor number in 2015 is comparatively more than 2008 which shows the it is one of more
favoured, liked and more preferred niche of tourism due to which traveller and tourist number is
gaining in country each and every day.
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Illustration 1: Sport Tourism Data of UK
Source 1: Sport Tourism Data of UK, 2017

2.2 Covered in Poster
TASK 3
3.1 Analyse response towards change in travel and tourism sector
Business operations or activities rely over the functioning of business environment which
determines their growth and required changes within the company (Hall and Page, 2014). After
the digitalisation, there are various changes that has been carried out in the traditional methods or
techniques. White bread. Plc is multinational group of coffee shops, hotel, restaurant etc. In order
to cope up with incurred alternation within the company, the organisation can opt PEST analysis
or SWOT methods. Here is mentioned the PEST evaluation of company:
WHITBREAD. PLC PEST ANALYSIS
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Political Factor This has influenced the functions of company majorly through
determining the long-term profitability of Whitbread.plc. As Brexit has
catered political imbalance in country, it has impacted the business in
several ways. The political risk consists of corruption level, legislative
structure, protection of intellectual property etc. Also, incentives and
taxation rates can be considered as political risk that can restraint
company's growth (Timothy, 2014).
Economic Factor Major two types of economic factors exist that influence Whitebread.plc
like interest rate, saving rate, inflation rate, economic cycle, foreign
exchange rate etc. that set the aggregate investments and demands in the
economy of company. On the other side, micro environment elements like
norms of competitors can help the enterprise in achieving competitive
edge.
Social Factor Lifestyle and culture of society has been changing in the modern area
which is leading to better living standard and various other changes in the
society. Response to customer and higher revenues are more preferred by
company while setting their mission and terms. In this element, this is
required for company to investigate leisure, educational level, population
and culture etc.
Technology Factor Technological disruption has carried out modification and advancement in
life of an individual. Through using more digital technologies, company
has increased their position in market over the previous five years. This
has influenced the consumer service area, process of value chain and
structure of Whitbread.Plc to change its basics.
The discussed PEST analysis of Whitebread.Plc represents the major alternation and their
influence on the dynamic market. This has carried out the expansion opportunities for company
as Whitebread.Plc can expand their business at large market such as China, India etc.
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3.2 Strategies development in relation to response to changes by selected business entity
Different types of changes occur within an organisation that related to the technologies
and trends that influence the operations as well as practices of business in indirect manner.
Business of Whitebread has impacted cause of alternation in tourism industry (Hannam, Butler
and Paris, 2014). This has become more fundamental for a company to carry out better deals in
more expanded countries like China, India etc. Moreover, the sited company provide wide range
of services and products at Costa Coffee as well as Premiere Inn & restaurant. The manager of
company is liable for carrying out new packages or plan to set target and future goals. Here are
mentioned two companies and strategies explanation which is attempted by company for their
business expansion:
Costa Coffee: It is second biggest global coffee chain after Starbucks. Company is
looking for development opportunities as well as terms offering better services to consumers. It
is required for company to use effective strategy to achieve vision.
Premiere Inn: It is UK based largest hotel chain of Whitbread.Plc which has expanded
its branches in entire world. The company will be opting the tools of marketing mix to develop
and expand their business through aiming directly to targetted audience.
MARKETING MIX OF WHITBREAD.PLC
Price  This has been more expensive in comparison to other affordable
hotels that is under consumer's budget.
 Use transparent costing framework without any terms and
hidden charges.
 Use dynamic costing strategy for their products and services.
Product  Luxurious rooms with appealing interior, colours, décor, better
mattress quality etc.
 Render complementary services like open bar, Wi-Fi etc.
 Different types of pillow and comfortable services etc.
Place  Agreeable experience of consumer while website, online or app
booking (Hartmann, 2014).
 Important hotels & location that offer major service variety like
airport, parking facilities etc.
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 Enterprise's hotel chain of organisation is formed in every
metro city to small places of UK (Standing, Tang-Taye and
Boyer, 2014).
Promotion  Provided discounts & exotic offers for booking online.
 Utilise effectively media like social media, e-newsletter etc.
 Promotion mix strategy in ideal manner along with participating
in international events for promotion.
 Effective techniques and tools like newspaper, radio poster etc.
Through this, company can expand their business and promote the travel and tourism
sector every day. Through the assistance of Costa Coffee & premiere Inn, enterprise can
successfully able to meet buyer satisfaction level (Kim and Ritchie, 2014).
3.3 Justify the strategies which are using in response to modification
Whitebread.Plc is recently facing conflicts and issues for which they are improving
numerous strategies. To promote consumer retention, there are various techniques and tools that
company can optimising for achieving goals and mission. Premiere and Costa Coffee, both are
using effective approaches and techniques in order to proper implementation of their strategies
and deal with the incurred changes.
Costa Coffee: The company want to develop their services and products for expanding
their business as well as creating maximum user for services. This is essential for company like
Costa Coffee to aims and target to achieve their outcome within certain period. It is required to
properly evaluate strengths, opportunities, threats, and weaknesses in better manner. This
technique can help in understanding the effective part and the development required area of
enterprise through which one can achieve their business objectives. Hence, it can help in meeting
their business objectives.
Premiere Inn: The company will be opting their marketing mix as their product
development strategy that can aid in meeting clients demands, assist in altering their operations
as well as entire organisation review. This, through marketing mix, proper evolution of major
processes can be done. Hence, it is an effective strategy. As this approaches is more helping for
Premiere Inn as it focus over use of major components of enterprise in effective and appropriate
manner. Hence, for developing product lines and expansion of market, enterprise need to meet
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their determined target market in more effective and efficient manner. This is why, marketing
mix approach is more effective for the purpose of this project.
Thus, strategies or ideas are more effective that has been used in the recent case studies.
Through this, both plans and strategies of Whitebread.Plc can be attained in effective manner
(Luh Sin, Oakes and Mostafanezhad, 2015). Tourism is a fast groining industry that is focusing
over the management and planning of various practices but as the issues are emerging in
competitive industry, there are various phases that can be adopted by business organisation in
order to emphasise over the situation. Business industries can perform more CSR practices for
caring and protecting environment. On the other side, information dissemination in regard of
certain policies, guidelines and activity should be delivered effectively. This is essential to
undertake the practices and create more awareness among public, tourist, traveller and visitors to
resolve such environment and other issues in more efficient manner.
TASK 4
4.1 Impact of issues and trends on driven business context
Travel and tourism industry has affected the industry problems in indirect and direct
ways. Trailfinder Limited is one of the private tour operator that deals in United Kingdom and
other countries as well. Company has a good recognition in market due to effective quality of
products and cost of services which they render. The enterprise is focusing over business
expansion but considering market's dynamic nature, enterprise required to evaluate various
changes that is mentioned under:
Employment level: This impact over the pattern as well as working behaviour of
organisations. The changes in organisational structure of Trailfinder can influence in significant
manner (Mariani and et. al., 2014).
Technology: Trailfinder can be considered as the tour operator providing effective clients
services by opting modified technologies that has enhanced their consumer experiences and
quality of services.
Hence, technologies and employment level are the emerging factors which are affecting
the entire travel and tourism industry directly and indirectly. These impact can be negative and
positive as per the consequence.
Service and Products Impact: Commodities offered by a company to their users should
be more focused. Trailfinder need to offer more cost-effective services for certain consumers.
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Here are mentioned the options through which Trailfinder can expand their business: Merger: Company compile with other enterprise to meet certain financial funds. Acquisition: Trading companies does not any-more exists and firm buyer other small
companies. Liquidation: Insolvency of company in situation of not able to perform obligations.
 Consortia Forming: This refer to the unions of company which is created to support each
other by implementing effective strategies and plans.
These can be optimised by Trailfinder to reach their determined outcome in effective
manner in order to enlarge their financial situation and reach the determined mission. Through
adopting liquidation and acquisition procedure, an organisation can achieve their business
objectives and can assist in overcoming from the problems and issues developed in the
competitive business environment. There are numerous trends that are emerging in the sector of
travel and tourism that can manifest their growth and development in more significant manner.
These trends consist of economical influence, tourism leakage, globalisation, visa liberalisation,
taxation, employment issues, social problems and safety concerned that has negatively influence
the entire tourism industry. But on the other hand, modification in technologies, social media
optimisation in marketing and promotion, more concerned toward heritage etc. has influenced
industry in more positive way.
4.2 Results when the change is not dealt properly
Trailfinders Limited has adopted various changes required for company that lead to
various consequence which is mentioned here:
This can lead to decline in margin and firm dealing activities along with decreasing management
of costing of services (McKercher, 2016). Hence, firm might be facing the downfall condition.
Firm need to imply important decision and activities in effective manner (Oviedo-García, 2016).
Here are mentioned some of the consequences which can lead to failure: Decreased services: Trailfinder provide effective consumer services to their clients. But
when consumers are not satiate with company products, it can negatively influence
operations of business. Destructive Brand Image: This is major part of Trailfinders as it can affect demands and
requirements of consumer in negative style.
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 Lack of consumer satisfaction: The service users and buyers does not achieve their
demands and requirements if the failure in change attempt. This can lead company
toward business downfall.
For managing emerged issues, company need to evolve to undertake required techniques to solve
the issues. For accepting the change, this is essential to manage changes and measure negative
consequence due to failure in changes for preparing company to face it (Reisinger, 2015).
CONCLUSION
This can be summoning from the above mentioned report that current travel-and-tourism
industry has been facing different contemporary issues due to market and trends change.
Moreover, through analysing those problems, managing processes and resources in efficient
manner, they can carry out effective outcome from executed strategies. The industry has been
influenced cause of merging of enterprise in indirect or direct ways. Cause of change adopting,
company might have to face negative consequences which is needed to be analyse in appropriate
manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Becker, E., 2016. Overbooked: the exploding business of travel and tourism. Simon and
Schuster.
Cohen, E. and Cohen, S. A., 2015. A mobilities approach to tourism from emerging world
regions. Current Issues in Tourism. 18(1). pp.11-43.
Cohen, S. A. and et. al., 2014. Understanding and governing sustainable tourism mobility:
Psychological and behavioural approaches (Vol. 43). Routledge.
Connell, J., 2013. Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and
commodification. Tourism Management. 34. pp.1-13.
Dickinson, J. E. and et. al., 2014. Tourism and the smartphone app: Capabilities, emerging
practice and scope in the travel domain. Current Issues in Tourism. 17(1). pp.84-101.
Hall, C. M. and Page, S. J., 2014. The geography of tourism and recreation: Environment, place
and space. Routledge.
Hannam, K., Butler, G. and Paris, C. M., 2014. Developments and key issues in tourism
mobilities. Annals of Tourism Research. 44. pp.171-185.
Hartmann, R., 2014. Dark tourism, thanatourism, and dissonance in heritage tourism
management: new directions in contemporary tourism research. Journal of Heritage
Tourism. 9(2). pp.166-182.
Kim, J. H. and Ritchie, J. B., 2014. Cross-cultural validation of a memorable tourism experience
scale (MTES). Journal of Travel Research. 53(3). pp.323-335.
Luh Sin, H., Oakes, T. and Mostafanezhad, M., 2015. Traveling for a cause: Critical
examinations of volunteer tourism and social justice. Tourist studies. 15(2). pp.119-131.
Mariani, M. M. and et. al., 2014. Managing change in tourism destinations: Key issues and
current trends. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2(4). pp.269-272.
McKercher, B., 2016. Towards a taxonomy of tourism products. Tourism Management. 54.
pp.196-208.
Baker, D. M. A., 2014. The effects of terrorism on the travel and tourism industry.
International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage. 2(1). p.9.
Oviedo-García, M. Á., 2016. Tourism research quality: Reviewing and assessing
interdisciplinarity. Tourism Management. 52. pp.586-592.
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Reisinger, Y., 2015. Transformational tourism: Host perspectives. CABI.
Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J. P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and
tourism: A research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1).
pp.82-113.
Timothy, D. J., 2014. Contemporary cultural heritage and tourism: Development issues and
emerging trends. Public Archaeology. 13(1-3). pp.30-47.
Online
Visit Britain reports increase in volume and value of inbound tourism in 2015. 2017. [Online].
Available through:
<https://www.hospitality-interiors.net/news/articles/2016/01/457364505-visitbritain-
reports-increase-volume-and-value-inbound-tourism-2015>.
Adventure Travel Offers A Niche Opportunity. 2016. [Online]. Available
through:<http://www.travelmarketreport.com/articles/Adventure-Travel-Offers-A-
Niche-Opportunity>.
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