Contemporary Issues in Information Technology

This report discusses the significance of information and communication technology on business, society, and culture. It explores the positive and negative outcomes of technology in these areas. The impact on businesses includes improved efficiency, cost reduction, and increased productivity. In society, technology has improved communication and education but also led to resource depletion and increased pollution. In culture, technology has influenced urbanization, globalization, and work ethics.

Contemporary issued in information technology

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Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1
Body......................................................................................................................................................1
Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................5
References.............................................................................................................................................6

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Introduction
Information and communication technology refers to all the advanced technology that is sued
to handle communication, processing, monitoring and other functions. ICT is an extended
form of information technology. ICT depicts the use of technology in diverse areas. There is
as such no pre-defined definition of information and communication technology it consists of
innovation of new devices, application or components that is used to offer benefits in
business, society and others (Lee, Son and Kim, 2016). In this report the significance of
information and communication technology on business, society and culture are discussed. It
has enabled ways through which users and communicates easily and access flexible
operations. The technologies have offered both positive and negative outcomes across these
areas since the invention of the Internet. Thus, the positive as well as negative outcomes are
discussed.
Body
Information and communication technologies have impacted various dimensions of the
society. It has impacted the businesses, society and culture. It has offered a way through
which user can access the things easily and communicate from one person to other in a
different geographical area by the means of technology (Lee, Son and Kim, 2016).
Firstly, the impact of information and communication technology on businesses is discussed.
Cloud computing is popular among business as they make use of information technology to
capitalize the ability and improve the efficiency of business (Irungu, Mbugua and Muia,
2015). Businesses are shifting now to cloud computing so that that can be stored securely
over the network. The other benefit gained by information technology in business is making
the process automatic. Developing automated process helps in reducing the cost and also

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saves the time (Storey, 2017). It also allows business to work remotely by allowing teams to
work virtually from different geographical location. The rise of information technology has
helped in picking the momentum by offering convince and efficiency (Peng, Quan, Zhang
and Dubinsky, 2016). Technology has facilitated in reducing the operating cost by making
the processes automatic. It has also increased the productivity by removing the manual work
and making the operation instinctive. It has offered ways through which data can be
protected and maintain the integrity, confidentiality and authentication. ICT have played a
significant role in business by offering a channel for sales and taking initiatives to increase
the level of employment (Sevillano-García and Vázquez-Cano, 2015). The level of
information technology allows customers to connect with each other easily and identify ways
through which improvement could be done. Technology had a tangible impact on the
business. It is important as it offers efficiency in operations and also a channel through which
communication could be done easily (Heflin, Shewmaker and Nguyen, 2017). Some of the
limitations that are resolved by technology are offering security it make sure that all the
sensitive data of companies are secure. It also empowers ways to share knowledge and allow
employees to work remotely. It reduces the business cost and also improved communication
by creating new processes. Technology has offered ways through which businesses can reach
to new economic market (Abbasi, Tarhini, Elyas and Shah, 2015). It also allows businesses
to outsource their services in international market. Technology has helped in reducing the
operating cost by making the operations automatic. It has also increases the productivity by
eliminating the manual work and making the operation automatic. Technology also allows
small businesses to capture new economics market. Technology has impacted the businesses
by outsourcing their services so that more audience could be captured. Technological changes
have brought many opportunities for businesses as they explore new markets and fins new
opportunities for business. Technology has made business operations smooth and flexible by

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eliminating the chances of errors and completing the operations by making it automatic
(Baldassar, Nedelcu, Merla and Wilding, 2016). The way businesses work have changed
from last few years and this has become possible due to innovation of new technology
(Abbasi, Tarhini, Elyas and Shah, 2015).
Now, discussing how information and communication technology have impacted the society.
It has affected the society in both positive and negative manner. Technology seems to have
control on our lives as they have made life easier. Modern technology has negative impact on
society as well as individual behaviour by isolating them and it has reduced family relation as
everyone is busy in their own life (Michael, 2018). The impact of technology have helped in
developing new products in the industry and developing new machines through which daily
activities could be improved. Some of the positive side of technology on society is that has
improved the way of agriculture harvesting and has also improved transportation by
introducing technologies like automobiles, buses, trucks and other services (Pagani and
Pardo, 2017). Technology has also improved the ways of communication by allowing people
ways through which thy can exchange their ideas and get aware about all the latest and
trending events in the society. It has improved education and learning process by improving
the way through which learning could be improved (Pagani and Pardo, 2017). This boost the
morale among children to learn something new by using advanced tools. Some of the
negative effect that was seen on society due to technology was resource depletion as
innovation of new technological products somewhere depletes the natural resource. The
intensive farming practises have depleted the spoil by using chemical and other fertilizers.
Technology has also helped in the health care sector by improving the treatment practise
which in turn has increased population (Ngai, Tao and Moon, 2015). The pollution have also
increased due to advanced technology as it affects the growing crops and also affect the
manufacturing and processing factories. Technology affects our society in our daily lives; it

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has effect on the growth of economy to the culture and our living standards. It has offered
flexibility in our daily lives from shopping to ordering things where thing could be done in a
single click. The negative impact of technology is television, mobile phones that consumes
most of the time of students (Avgerou and Walsham, 2017). This has made the life easier by
offering world at our fingertips and is also a threat to online predators. Technology has
increased security breaches by making the sensitive information visible. On the other hand it
has offered long distance communication but somewhere personal contacts are lost ad
everyone is busy in their own social networks (Chauhan, 2017). Some of the negative effect
that was seen on society due to technology was resource depletion as innovation of new
technological products somewhere depletes the natural resource.
Lastly, the impact of information and communication technology on culture is discussed.
Technological change has influenced culture directly as the rise of internet as offered access
to people easily. It has given a wide expansion to telecom industry. It also has significant
impact of economic, social and culture of a particular place. One of the major cultural effects
that were observed was the use of mobile technology that has affected every area like
business healthcare and education. There exists a dynamic relation between culture and
technology. It has offered urbanisation to people by making new things available through
which they can adapt to new ways to complete their functions (Albino, Berardi and
Dangelico, 2015). It has offered globalisation by allowing society to take part in international
events and make their brand name in the market. On the other hand it has increased the
concept of culture divides. The point of view and perception of a person changes with
technology as it offers opportunity to read other point of view and then make decisions. The
culture is affected by technology as it is seen that now people are more busy in their personal
life rather concern about other (Hollands, 2015). For example, a family together sitting
together hardly interacts to each other but they are busy in their personal things, this is how

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technology has influenced culture. Technology has impacted how cities grow, how they live
and adapt to new learning’s. Thus technology has impacted the culture by offering those
ways to communicate and change the work ethics culture. It has bridged the gap between
gender and other parameters (Abbasi, Tarhini, Elyas and Shah, 2015). The culture is
affected by technology as it is seen that now people are more busy in their personal life rather
concern about other.

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Conclusion
It can be concluded that information and communication technology is a diverse set of tools
that are used to communicate, create and manage information. It consists of electronic
devices that enable that user to learn new processes and add flexibility in their lives. In
business it has made to make operations automatic by reducing the annual work. It also offers
chances through which businesses can expand in the global market. It has also impacted the
society by bringing new innovations that have made life simpler and easier.

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References
Abbasi, M.S., Tarhini, A., Elyas, T. and Shah, F., 2015. Impact of individualism and
collectivism over the individual’s technology acceptance behaviour: A multi-group analysis
between Pakistan and Turkey. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 28(6),
pp.747-768.\
Albino, V., Berardi, U. and Dangelico, R.M., 2015. Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions,
performance, and initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), pp.3-21.
Avgerou, C. and Walsham, G. eds., 2017. Information Technology in Context: Studies from
the Perspective of Developing Countries: Studies from the Perspective of Developing
Countries. Routledge.
Baldassar, L., Nedelcu, M., Merla, L. and Wilding, R., 2016. ICT‐based co‐presence in
transnational families and communities: challenging the premise of face‐to‐face proximity in
sustaining relationships. Global Networks, 16(2), pp.133-144.
Chauhan, S., 2017. A meta-analysis of the impact of technology on learning effectiveness of
elementary students. Computers & Education, 105, pp.14-30.
Heflin, H., Shewmaker, J. and Nguyen, J., 2017. Impact of mobile technology on student
attitudes, engagement, and learning. Computers & Education, 107, pp.91-99.
Hollands, R.G., 2015. Critical interventions into the corporate smart city. Cambridge Journal
of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(1), pp.61-77.
Irungu, K.R.G., Mbugua, D. and Muia, J., 2015. Information and Communication
Technologies (ICTs) attract youth into profitable agriculture in Kenya. East African
Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 81(1), pp.24-33.

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Lee, A.R., Son, S.M. and Kim, K.K., 2016. Information and communication technology
overload and social networking service fatigue: A stress perspective. Computers in Human
Behavior, 55, pp.51-61.
Michael, D.N., 2018. Some speculations on the social impact of technology. In Social
Psychiatry (pp. 300-325). Routledge.
Ngai, E.W., Tao, S.S. and Moon, K.K., 2015. Social media research: Theories, constructs,
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44.
Pagani, M. and Pardo, C., 2017. The impact of digital technology on relationships in a
business network. Industrial Marketing Management, 67, pp.185-192.
Peng, J., Quan, J., Zhang, G. and Dubinsky, A.J., 2016. Mediation effect of business process
and supply chain management capabilities on the impact of IT on firm performance:
Evidence from Chinese firms. International journal of information management, 36(1),
pp.89-96.
Sevillano-García, M. and Vázquez-Cano, E., 2015. The Impact of Digital Mobile Devices in
Higher Education. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 18(1).
Storey, D., 2017. Six steps to heaven: Evaluating the impact of public policies to support
small businesses in developed economies. The Blackwell handbook of entrepreneurship,
pp.176-193.