Contemporary Software Development

CONTEMPORARY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 1
Contemporary Software Development
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Institution
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Date

CONTEMPORARY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 2
Abstract
The objective of the proposed patient management system is to automate the
management of patient information and have a simple, cost-effective, and user-friendly
application. The application will be responsible for collecting patient information including
personal details, diagnosis, treatment, and prescription. Additionally, the application will
support other functions by integrating several modules including pharmacist module,
doctor/nurse module, accountant module, and admin module to facilitate seamless interaction
of hospital processes and facilitate better, more efficient healthcare. Many medical
institutions have for a long time been using the traditional filing system to store all the
information related to patients making it difficult to retrieve and share information. The
application will improve efficiency within hospitals and facilitate more accurate diagnosis,
treatment, and prescriptions.

CONTEMPORARY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 3
Table of Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................5
1.1 Background Information........................................................................................................5
1.2 System Description................................................................................................................7
1.3 System modules.....................................................................................................................8
1.4 Problem Specification............................................................................................................8
1.5 System Objectives.................................................................................................................9
1.6 Scope of the Project...............................................................................................................9
1.7 Limitations of the Project.......................................................................................................9
1.8 Significance of the Project...................................................................................................10
1.9 Project Plan..........................................................................................................................10
1.9.1 Project Schedule..........................................................................................................10
2 System Design............................................................................................................................12
2.1 Physical Design...................................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Use case diagram.........................................................................................................12
2.1.2 Class Diagram..............................................................................................................13
2.1.3 Sequence Diagram.......................................................................................................15
2.2 Database Design..................................................................................................................15
2.2.1 File Design...................................................................................................................17
2.2.2 Procedure Flowchart....................................................................................................18
2.2.3 System Flowchart.........................................................................................................18
2.2.4 Data Flow Diagram......................................................................................................20
2.3 Programming Language.......................................................................................................20
2.4 Interface Design...................................................................................................................20
2.4.1 Login Page...................................................................................................................20
2.4.2 Add Patient..................................................................................................................22
2.4.3 Add Doctor..................................................................................................................23
2.4.4 Make Appointment......................................................................................................24
2.5 Requirements Specification.................................................................................................25
2.5.1 Hardware Requirements...............................................................................................25
2.5.2 Software Requirements................................................................................................25
2.6 Development Tools..............................................................................................................25
2.6.1 Front End.....................................................................................................................25
2.6.2 Back End......................................................................................................................26
2.6.3 Application Server.......................................................................................................26
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................26
List of References................................................................................................................................28

CONTEMPORARY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 4
Table of Figures and Tables
Figure 1: Project Schedule.......................................................................................................10
Figure 2: Gantt Chart...............................................................................................................11
Figure 3: Use Case Diagram....................................................................................................13
Figure 4: Class Diagram...........................................................................................................14
Figure 5: Sequence diagram.....................................................................................................15
Figure 7: File Design................................................................................................................17
Figure 8: procedure Chart........................................................................................................18
Figure 9: System Flowchart.....................................................................................................19
Figure 10: Data Flow Diagram................................................................................................20
Figure 11: Login Screen...........................................................................................................21
Figure 12: Add Patient.............................................................................................................22
Figure 13: Add Doctor.............................................................................................................23
Figure 14: Add Appointment...................................................................................................24
Table 1: Doctor details.............................................................................................................16
Table 2: Patient Details............................................................................................................16
Table 3: Billing details.............................................................................................................17

CONTEMPORARY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 5
1 Introduction
Several applications have been developed in recent years with the goal of improving and
enhancing the quality of life (Cresswell and Sheikh, 2012). The patient management system
will have a database that will store all the patient information. There are several patient
management systems within our reach today in the market but they have limited functions
(Dahanayake, 2011). Healthcare institutions have become a critical sector in the world as it
provides medical services to patients suffering from various illnesses. As such, it is essential
for hospitals to store patient medical records to offer better healthcare services when a patient
visits the hospital again (Choo, Johnston and Manias, 2013).
Many hospitals today are still using the traditional paper-based filing system to keep
patient medical records which are faced with many challenges including many errors,
inefficiency, ineffectiveness, and time-consuming. The traditional system also makes it
difficult to retrieve information. It can be said that the traditional system of filing is both
technically and economically unviable (De-Angelis, 2014). The main aim of the patient
management system is to provide an efficient, effective, paperless, and more accurate,
cheaper, and faster reliable system for storing and retrieving patient information. The
application will provide excellent data security at every user-system interaction and offer
reliable and robust back-up and storage capabilities.
1.1 Background Information
The objective of any software development is to create a system that meets customer
requirements, user-friendly, cost-effective, and improves business operations. However,
before one starts developing software, it is important to first analyze the different activities
and functions that the software is expected to perform and the relationship with both external
and internal entities (Abraham, 2010). When conducting the analysis process, it is important
to collect information on transactions and decisions points out that the current system handles
and what needs to be improved in the new system.
Patient information and records have become a principal repository that is essential in
providing quality healthcare. It influences all the stakeholders that are responsible for
receiving, providing and reimbursement of healthcare services (Mathai, Shiratudin and Sohel,
2017). Even with the numerous advances in technology, how patient records have been kept

CONTEMPORARY SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 6
is still almost similar to what it was decades ago, that is, many hospitals still prefer the
manual way of keeping patient records. This has created a big challenge to different
healthcare providers because of the need for efficiency and effectiveness due to increased
patient capacity (McCracken and Edwards, 2017). Having an information system will help in
addressing such issues.
An information system is made up of procedure, people, software, data, and hardware
that are have been designed to offer accurate, up-to-date, and reliable information to the
different users to effectively and efficiently perform their daily operations at the right time
and for the right reasons (Palojoki et al., 2016). The information system has become one of
the key components for healthcare institutions to have accurate patient information and
provide quality and better healthcare. Hospitals use information systems today to maintain,
update, and better understand the importance of having electronic data (Mouw, 2014).
Using patient management system in the healthcare industry to manage patient
information like medicine prescription, doctor’s appointments, scheduling, and patient
medical history not only improve quality of healthcare but also reduces the cost and saves
time (Rey, 2015). Moreover, it enhances data control within the hospital and offers better
integration with other existing systems such as scheduling module, financial module,
employee management among others. As such, a patient management system should have the
ability to interact with other systems and stakeholders including administrators, finance,
medical device users, nurses, and physicians (Stevenson and Nilsson, 2011).
The main goal of the patient management system is to provide accurate, up-to-date
patient medical history including treatment, illnesses, and prescriptions that the patient has
received over the years. It also offers easy accessibility and flexibility of patient information
to an authorized user (De-Angelis, 2014). The information system will provide a platform to
enable healthcare providers and patients to interact seamlessly. However, as mentioned
earlier, most healthcare institutions have not adopted this kind of technology because of the
insufficient knowledge and know-how of medical information systems to handle such
medical problems. In several developed countries, computer-aided healthcare has been partly
achieved in several institutions. However, in many countries, the patient-doctor ratio is still
high (Mathai, Shiratudin and Sohel, 2017). The ratio of patients to a doctor is still high and
this has created numerous issues including inadequate and improper medical care. This