Development of Contemporary Tourism: Positive and Negative Impacts

This essay discusses the development of contemporary tourism and its positive and negative impacts on the economy, environment, and socio-cultural aspects. It covers the challenges and issues associated with changing world, destination marketing, and tourism ethics. The positive impacts include increased employment opportunities and contribution to the local economy, while the negative impacts include cost of infrastructure and economic leakage. The environmental positive impacts include raised awareness and improvements in environmental infrastructure, while the negative impacts include pollution and land degradation. The positive socio-cultural impacts include social tourism and understanding of social norms, practices, and values, while the negative impacts include increase in pressure and abuses and socio-cultural conflicts.

TOURISM

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
SECTION 1..................................................................................................................................3
Contemporary tourism and its development................................................................................3
SECTION 2..................................................................................................................................4
Positive and negative economic impacts of tourism....................................................................4
SECTION 3..................................................................................................................................5
Environmental positive and negative Impacts of Tourism-.........................................................5
SECTION 4..................................................................................................................................6
Positive and negative Socio-cultural impacts of Tourism-..........................................................6
CONCLUSION:...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Tourism can be defined as a process as well as act of spending time away from home for
different purpose such as: pleasure, recreation and relaxation by using commercial provision of
services (Richards, 2018). Tourism industry is the one that facilitates the act of tourism or help
out tourists for performing all activities of travelling and easier staying in place outside their
usual environment. This essay is going to discuss the actual meaning or term contemporary
tourism. Along with this, it will discuss some socio cultural, economic as well as environmental
impacts of tourism in both positive and negative manner. Some common positive and negative
impacts of all these factors that this essay will discuss include: increasing waste and increasing
pollution. These both have negative impacts on environment and positive impact that it will
discuss in detailed manner is: improving infrastructure. Contemporary tourism identifies and
consider challenges, associated with changing world, destination marketing and tourism ethics.
MAIN BODY
SECTION 1
Contemporary tourism and its development
Before discussing contemporary tourism, it is important to understand tourism in general and in
this context, it can be said that it is one of the world’s largest industry that facilitate travelling of
people. It plays a vital role and there are number of factors that can affect this industry in both
positive and negative manner. Contemporary tourism is an international approach to the study of
tourism in which it focuses on identifying or consider issues like: pro-poor tourism, tourism
ethics and destination marketing. In addition, it can be said that the study of tourism in which
challenges an ongoing threat like: ongoing threats from terrorism, security and health scares are
being discussed, known a contemporary tourism (Marinov, Vodenska and Assenova, 2018).
The study of tourism that mention or illustrate potential implication for patterns and flow of
tourism in the future is known as contemporary tourism. Some issues that have been discussed in
a detailed manner in this study of tourism include: transport, agriculture, manufacturing,
communication and cultural issues. This approach can be described as a geographical system of
tourism that includes number of factors such as: a destination region, source region, a transit
route and the environment (Streimikiene and et.al., 2Within the United Kingdom, it is estimated
that inbound tourism generates about £19 billion each year. Domestic tourism, including day
trips and staying visits, generates over £60 billion per year. In terms of employment, it is

estimated that in the United Kingdom 1.4 million jobs are directly related to tourism. As well as
generating employment and income, another positive impact021). Economic condition,
technology and environment at destination all these factors affect contemporary tourism.
There are some trends that are developing contemporary tourism such as: space tourism, polar
tourism, culinary, voluntarism and luxury tourism. Digital technology also plays a vital role as it
is the reason of developed contemporary tourism. By making use of technologies such as: Yelp,
Wi Fi finder, Tripit, contemporary tourism is being developed and all issues can also be solved
that have been identified in this study on tourism (Milano, Novelli and Cheer, 2019).
SECTION 2
Positive and negative economic impacts of tourism
Tourism has both positive and negative impact on economic condition of countries. The positive
economic impacts of tourism are-
 Increased employment opportunities- Tourism industry is the one that provides
employment opportunities to people to the great extent. Tourism industry need to
collaborate with number of organizations and people who can help them out in increasing
travelling experience of people (Scarlett, 2021). It has increased employment
opportunities for sports industry, local shops, travelling industry and hotel sector. It
increases living standard of people as well.
 Contribution to local economy- In UK itself Euro 19 billion each year revenue is
generated so from this it is understood that how much tourism sector itself contributes to
the economic growth. Money raised by any means has direct contribution to the local
economies. The government may utilize the money for providing public services and the
income earned by the employees of the tourism can contribute to the local economy
which also known as multiplier effect. I
Economic Negative Impacts of Tourism-
 Cost of Infrastructure- It is the negative impact of tourism on the government. The cost
of tourism development costs much money of the local government and tax paying
people in making infrastructure like roads, airports, hotels etc. Spending much in these
sectors will reduce the money of the government, as there is much fund is needed in the
sector like education, health etc. For example for the development of third runway at
London Heathrow's estimated cost is Euro 18.6 billion.

 Economic Leakage- It is the major impact of tourist industry. In this the money of host
country does not remain in the country but it ends to the another country. The nature of
the tourism industry is international because of this, the economic leakage is becoming
more frequent around the world. Economic Leakage occurs in following ways- imported
goods, foreign ownership, currency conversion etc. To protect it doesn't end up in other
country the people should book the hotels from local business (Nurov, Khamroyeva, and
Kadirova, 2021)
SECTION 3
Environmental positive and negative Impacts of Tourism-
 Raised Awareness- The awareness of tourism has increased. People of developed
countries has much travelling experiences as compared to the people of developing
countries. These experienced people aware much about the sustainable tourism (Fang
2020) as protection of environment and maintaining the value of resources of the
destination. There are many destinations which promotes the eco-friendly activities while
travelling for example Costa Rica, The Gambia etc. There are also many national parks,
and conservation areas which helps to promote positive environmental impacts(Mason,
2020).
 Improvements in environmental infrastructure- It stimulates the conservations and
protection of the natural environment as well as historic built. Historic built can be
repaired by the money which are collected by the tourists as it will improve the built
quality of the monuments because these are made years ago. Environment is the main
element of the tourism as if there will be not good infrastructure then the tourism will get
decline.
Environmental negative impacts of tourism-
 Pollution- Tourism causes different types of pollution same caused by the industries.
Like air emissions, air pollution, noise pollution, sewage, oil and chemicals. Tourism
causes around 60% of air pollution by travelling. Noise pollution occurs by buses, trains
and overcrowding which causes hearing problem in many people, stress as well as it also
harms the wildlife. If there is improper waste disposal, it causes water pollution as many
plastic garbage's are found in the rivers.

 Land Degradation- The tourism facilities are increasing day by day which has increased
the pressure on the fertile land, wetlands, forests, and wildlife. By making hotels and
other facilities for tourists they destroy the forests by which the animals have to move to
other places leaving their homes. This causes road kill deaths of the animals as they don't
have proper homes they Rome on the roads. The scenic landscapes are also getting short
as they are also destroyed by the infrastructure for tourism.
SECTION 4
Positive and negative Socio-cultural impacts of Tourism-
 Social Tourism- In earlier times, the tourism was limited to some extent and now income
of the people has increased, people have leisure times so global tourism encourages
diverse group of people from different places. Social tourism was followed earlier in
which only selected people and recognized people were participating in this. Tourism
helps to meet different people all around the world.
 Understanding of social norms, practices and values- The people visit to new places
and each place has its own social norms and practices they learn and see it. When they
return to their places they have their own social practices . This changes the minds and
thinking of the people because of this only the generation is changing very rapidly as
people are becoming much broad-minded. Destinations visited in other countries affects
much than visiting places in country itself.
Negative Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism-
 Increase in Pressure and abuses- More of tourism creates pressure on the local people
of the destination As well as on the physical resources. The abuses of different kinds of
the local people can be like child labour, forced labour, continue working, low wages etc.
At many places there cases happens of forces labour, drug abusers etc. which creates
pressure on the people. Sometimes the tourists visits for short duration of time and
involves in the activities which are not allowed creates many kinds of abuses in that
destination.
 Socio-cultural conflicts- These usually happens because different types of people meet
at the destinations and each and every place has its own culture which creates conflicts
between the people. The reasons of the conflicts can be like ethical, lifestyle, moral

values, language, religion, and other related practices(Sonuç, 2020). This changes the
behaviour of the destination people as they think tourists are not good and can harm their
culture of the destination.
CONCLUSION:
The above essay enables to understand the development of contemporary tourism. Along with
this, it also discussed about the positive and negative impacts of tourism on the environment,
socio-cultural as well as economical. This enables to understand the term contemporary tourism.
This essay tells how tourism can affect the life of the people living in tourists destination, how
people's mind and thinking has changed by visiting to different countries having different
cultures and social norms. It also has discussed how excessive development of tourism has
increased the pressure of the destination people. This essay includes how tourism helps to
prevent the environmental and conservation of natural habitat as tourism has increased the
awareness of the sustainable tourism. Other than these topics, it has also discussed about the
multiplier effect of tourism as well as how the increase in tourism has affected the land and
wildlife.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Comerio, N. and Strozzi, F., 2019. Tourism and its economic impact: A literature review using
bibliometric tools. Tourism economics.25(1). pp.109-131.
Fang, W.T., 2020. Sustainable Tourism. In Tourism in Emerging Economies (pp. 209-237).
Springer, Singapore.
Marinov, V., Vodenska, M. and Assenova, M. eds., 2018. Traditions and Innovations in
contemporary tourism. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Mason, P., 2020. Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge.
Milano, C., Novelli, M. and Cheer, J.M., 2019. Overtourism and tourismphobia: A journey
through four decades of tourism development, planning and local concerns. Tourism
Planning & Development. 16(4). pp.353-357.
Nurov, Z.S., Khamroyeva, F.K. and Kadirova, D.R., 2021, March. Development of domestic
tourism as a priority of the economy. In E-Conference Globe (pp. 271-275).
Richards, G., 2018. Cultural tourism: A review of recent research and trends. Journal of
Hospitality and Tourism Management. 36. pp.12-21.
Scarlett, H.G., 2021. Tourism recovery and the economic impact: A panel assessment. Research
in Globalization. 3. p.100044.
Sonuç, N., 2020. Culture, Tourism and Sustainability (Cultural Heritage and Sustainable
Tourism, Social Sustainability of Tourism, Socio-Cultural Sustainability of Tourism).
Journal: Encyclopedia of Sustainable Management, pp.1-7.
Streimikiene, D. and et.al., 2021. Sustainable tourism development and competitiveness: The
systematic literature review. Sustainable development. 29(1). pp.259-271.
1

2