Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry | Assignment

Contemporary travel

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Important milestones in development of travel and tourism industry...............................1
P2 Different elements of Travel and tourism industry and their interrelation with each other...3
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................4
P3 Factors affecting Tourism behaviour................................................................................4
P4 Motivating factors that influence the decision-making process of consumers.................5
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................7
P5 Emerging patterns and current trends in international travel and tourism industry..........7
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................8
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of different global destinations......................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Tourism refers to an activity of travelling from one place to another for any sort of
pleasure or business purpose. Tourism industry is one of the vast and dynamic growing industry
in service sector. Basically, it is a set of business that serves the needs of tourists during their
visit at different places through travelling and touring. It includes various elements such as travel
bookings, transportation, hotel stay, food and beverages, destination travel, accommodation and
amenities etc. This report will highlight the important milestones in development of travel and
tourism industry. It will represent different elements of travel and tourism industry and their
interrelation with each other. The report will also highlight the factors that affect the behaviour
of tourists as well as the factors that motivates the tourists and influence their decision-making
process of travelling. Further the report will include the current trends and patterns in
international travel and tourism industry. The report will also include the factors affecting the
global travel destinations.
LO 1
P1 Important milestones in development of travel and tourism industry.
From the past few years there have been tremendous development in travel and tourism
industry in the form of GDP contribution, growth rate, employment opportunities or market
expansion(Bærenholdt and et.al., 2017). All these elements have been a branch and the
contribution as well as development made by travel and tourism industry across the world. The
following are some important milestones of tourism development-
Development of Tourism Act 1969- It was a major focus and goal to coordinate all the
organizations that operates in tourism sector and provide emergence of British Tourist Authority
and developments of tourism sector in Great Britain. It provides financial assistance from public
funds to build up new hotels and accommodation facilities to travellers with a view of
conducting a business. The major development of tourism act was for the growth of Tourism
sector in Britain.
Package Travel and Holidays regulations 1992- These regulations applies to all the tourism
companies that offers services like travel packages and holiday packages top the customers and
ensures that all the companies follow the proper conduct and ethics for their services. It
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contained the post actions by customers in responding the breach of the regulations by the
companies.
Destination Development 1966- Destination travel have been developed after 1960 due to their
promotion and popularity and currently they are highly appreciated and demanded by the
travellers(Prebensen and et.al., 2018). Growth of travel destination had a positive impact on
tourism industry as there were huge number of visitors that resulted in higher revenues and
profits for tourism companies. Destinations have shaped the travel and tourism industry by
changing the awareness of certain destinations.
Technological Development 1990- Technological development is one of the major factors that
has led to the development of travel and tourism industry. The use of internet as popularly
emerged in different p[arts of the world and has led to the popularity of the industry and its
activities like online booking, mobile applications for various travelling tips, Although all these
activities has fostered the development of tourism industry across the world and major
companies have their own web platform for conducting its business operations and these
operations are mostly preferred by customers who want everything done on their finger tips,
Other elements like call centres, digital TV etc., have also contributed in Tourism service and its
marketing activities and made more popularized and led to development in tourism sector.
Tourism effect and contribution to economy and GDP- Tourism industry is one of the largest
industries in creating employment opportunities for people as it has created 4.7 million jobs
worldwide and currently consists of 266 million of total people employed in Tourism sector. The
GDP of Travel and Tourism sector is being on the growth rate of 4.3% and further the industry
aims at creating 6.5 million new jobs for the people across the world.
Milestones in development of travel and tourism industry
Year Description
3000 BC Travel industry is the kind of business as a considered in Egypt.
1500 BC Travel mode was religion and leisure for them to make the better
understanding opportunity and gain to be more efficient.
6 BC In 6 BC heritages and cultural modes were started.
Middle age In middle ages companies originated the new holiday plans or tour packages.
16 AD Pilgrimages were developed by European countries.
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18th Century In this century cultural tourism referred as grand tour.
1840 In this time Travel and tourism industry has been developed first time by
British companies.
1990' s In this time people were started to developed multinational airlines like
Delta, American Airlines etc.
20th Century Online tourism trend has been created in this time to take the industry more
forward.
In 2000 In this year trip advisor industry has been launched or founded.
2001 In this year (TSA) Transportation Security Administration has been launched
by US in order to ensure the airline passenger security in the consideration of
11th September terrorist attacks on the world trade Centre in New York.
2002 In this Year Euro currency has been established for the symbol of
liberalisation of travel among member nations.
P2 Different elements of Travel and tourism industry and their interrelation with each other.
Travel and Tourism industry consists of various elements that are also referred as the
important roots and factors for functioning and survival for the industry. The following are the
elements of Travel and Tourism sector-
Weather Conditions- Good and pleasant weather plays an important role in making a pleasant
holiday trip or unpleasant experience. Travellers from countries with extreme weather often visit
the sea beaches in search of pleasant sunshine and air(Holden, 2016). This has led to the
development of various resorts and Hotels at Beachside. Countries like Italy, Spain and Greece
has beautiful beach resorts and also the countries like India, Sri Lanka, Australia have beautiful
sea beaches is a fine example of good weather and its role for attracting number of Tourists
arrivals at the place.
Scenery and attractions- The various Scenic attractions like mountains, lakes, waterfalls,
forests, deserts, glaciers and other peak points are the major attractive forces for the tourists and
are considered as the important elements of Travel and Tourism Industry(Ateljevic. and Li,
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2017). High number of tourists are been attracted by these elements as such through Alps in
Switzerland to Himalayan Mountain slopes in India.
Historical Factors- History has the great influence over the travellers. Most of the tourists are
been attracted to the ancient monuments and elements that possess some story behind its
existence. An Example can be considered as of Taj Mahal in Agra as one of the 7th wonder in the
world and famous for the love story of Emperor Shah Jahan. Also, London is visited by number
of people due to its historical and cultural monuments. Hence, these factors turn up to the
important elements for Tourism industry.
Accessibility- It is one of the important elements of Tourism sector. The destinations and places
must be accessible by normal means of transport for the convenience of Tourists(Boniface and
et.al., 2016). The destination will possess no importance if it is not accessible and will no longer
turn up the tourism related activities for the companies.
Amenities- These are the facilities and the comfort being provided to the tourists. They are the
important elements for tourist centre. This may include swimming, boating and other activities
such as deeming recreations and amusement parks etc.
Accommodation- It is one of the most important elements for the tourism industry. It includes
stay facilities; Hotel services and other comfort amenities being served to the travellers. There
have been many changes in the recently accommodation facilities by introducing different types
of accommodation such as cottage, apartment, camping etc. Usually large number of tourists
visit a particular destination only because of the first class hotel with the best amenities and
comfort.
However, all these elements are interrelated with each other with the accomplishment of
various tourism related activities and helps to foster each other coordination to improve the
services and customer satisfaction as well as increase the number of tourists arrivals that will
further result in growth of Tourism industry.
LO 2
P3 Factors affecting Tourism behaviour.
Tourism activities by number of factors that influences and affects the behaviour of Travellers
across the world. The below discussed are some factors that affects the demand for Tourism
related activities-
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Political Factors- These factors have the deep and major effect on demand for tourism. Political
stability can increase the number of tourist arrivals for a place but in turn can lower down due to
some political instability such as terrorists activities, political tensions from the government of
the countries and other militant groups(Becker, 2016). There are some other factors too, such as
increasing conflicts between neighbouring countries that led to the restrictions for tourism related
activities and travel to various places.
Economic Factors- The factors include the fluctuations in demand and supply at global level.
The economic situation possess the favourable demand for tourism activities. Factors such as
employability, purchasing power and standard of living if are high on scale will generate more
tourists and drive towards the increase in number of tourism related activities. On the other hand
the low spending, less employment and less economic stability in a country can lower down the
tourism demand.
Technological factors- Technological factors too fosters the demand of tourism activities across
the world. The use of technological advancements in the developed economies that comprises the
better transport facilities like metro-city and other travelling options attracts the large number of
tourist’s arrivals in the countries. Technology has also reduced the costs of travelling with
providing many options for the travellers and thus has impacted the tourism activities across the
world.
Cultural Factors- Cultural Factors do have a greater impact on Tourism and its demand. There
are large number of religious tourists’ activities taking place across the world the majority of
Muslims travel to religious destinations like Mecca and thus drive a way for tourists’ activities.
Other religious travel happening in the Asian countries like China, India etc have paved a way
for the high demand for tourism activities as well(Prebensen and et.al., 2018).
These above factors highly impact the Tourism Behaviour of individuals across the
world.
P4 Motivating factors that influence the decision-making process of consumers.
The following are the motivation factors that influences the decision-making process of
travellers. They are divided into two sub categories-
Internal factors of Motivation- These factors create direct impact on person's willingness and
behaviour in relation to the travelling decisions. They are explained as follows-
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Intrinsic Motivation- Number of people prefer tourism as a way to satisfy their psychological
needs such as travelling, leisure interests, adventures, need for relaxation and other exploring
activities. Intrinsic factors of motivation drive on assuring capabilities of individual on different
emotional fronts(Laws, 2015). This factor drives them to pursue the tourism activities for fun,
assurance and other relaxation and emotional needs. The following are some Intrinsic Motivation
factors-
 Attitudes of tourists- Knowledge and understanding of a person regarding the place
including the positive and negative feelings regarding a subject.
 Perception of Tourist- It is a type of view regarding a particular place by a person with
respect to his knowledge and experience for that place.
 Values- Tourists will believe certain values that is acceptable socially and personally.
External Factors of Motivation- These factors can pull up the tourists towards a certain
motivation and can influence them to make travel decision accordingly. The following are some
external motivating factors for Tourists-
Extrinsic Motivation- These factors include the external factors like money and competency
need on the scale of expenditures.
Place of Origin- The activity of the tourist depends upon the pace of its origin. For instance- The
tourism factor will be the last preference for Indian married woman but it will be on the priority
list for American women.
Family and Demographics- The family structure also influence the motivating behaviour of
individual in relation to tourist activity. The smaller family with multiple earning members will
better tend to visit long and far away destination places whereas a joint family with one-member
earning will prefer towards domestic visit of places. Also, the nature of different age groups is
different in case of destination choices, type of tourism and purpose.
Social Class and Culture- The culture of the tourists also plays an important role to initiate a
visit on particular place. The one who has already visited the place spread out the message to
others in society and motivate others to conduct a visit for that place or destination(Camilleri,
2018).
Market- These are the fluctuations in the market and changes in the currency, political situations
and economic stability of a country that motivates and influence the decision of the traveller to
initiate a tourism activity.
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LO 3
P5 Emerging patterns and current trends in international travel and tourism industry.
The following are the current trends and patterns in Global Tourism Industry that drives
up the Tourism sector worldwide-
Increase of Last minute booking- As per the Tourism survey, 39% of the participants opted
that the last minute booking has been a common trend in their business. The survey represented
that the data related to reservations for the tours lasting up to 1 to 3 hours tend to be booked just
before the arrival. This creates difficulty for the tour operators to arrange the things for tourists
immediately.
Travellers preference in visiting new destinations- As per 2018 Tourism survey 22% of the
participants preferred the visitors from new destination(Fennell, 2015). The visitors where form
China who prefer to spend more while travelling and the rest included USA, Spain etc. Also, the
visitors are new demanding for new experiences and something unique that can be remembered
lifelong. These are the most common trends nowadays.
Demand for Ecological and educational Tours- There has been rising demand for ecological
and educational tours in the recent few years. These are very rare experiences that offers inside
and deep knowledge for a specific place in relation to the educational and learning purpose.
Mainly those tours related to ecological components, biodiversity, forests and animal habitat are
been highly appreciated and demanded by the travellers.
Travellers choice to enjoy local culture- Travelling is becoming more popular due to different
cultures and the opting of local culture by the Tourists. Tourists are more interested to do what
the locals do and eat what locals eat as well as opt their lifestyle during their trip.
History and Culture- There has been tremendous rise for the concerns of travellers in knowing
the history and exploring the ancient monuments across the world. The individuals are more
interested in initiating walking tours around ancient places and acquiring information from
destination expert.
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LO 4
P6 Factors affecting the popularity of different global destinations.
Destination plays an important role on influencing the minds of travellers. More the popularity
and more will be the number of visitors and vice versa. The following are the factors that affect
the popularity of different global destinations-
Recommendation from friends and relatives- It includes the reviews and experiences shared
by the friends, relatives or known ones who had already travelled or visited a particular place and
share their experiences with the individual who opt to visit there for first time(Holden, 2016).
Here the tour operators have to offer the best quality service and amenities to the customers in
order to generate positive reviews and this will influence the new customers to arrive at the
particular destination. Hence, these factors mostly affect the popularity of any destination related
to tour activity.
Popularity as renowned spot or destination- The popularity of several destinations also
influences the tourists’ activities and their preferences. IF a place is renowned and well-known
and is visited by number of tourists, an individual will opt to visit that place as due to its
popularity and also because other tourists visit there the most. Hence, it is important for tour
operators to add quite few popular places in their list that can influence the arrivals of number of
tourists and can sum up their business as well,
Online information regarding the destination- It is the most preferred component as due to
rise of internet and technology people prefer to search all the relevant things and information
regarding the place. This is because the people want to get more and more information for the
place they are travelling and the decisions are made by them in relation to the better availability
of information. Hence, the businesses have to create a strong online platform and design the
description of destination in such a way that it attracts the customers and make them choose a
particular destination. In this way internet affects the popularity of the destination(Koo and et.al.,
2015).
Closeness of the destination- However, many tourists prefer to travel at short distances and
would not go for opting the destinations that are far away and spent more time in travelling. Here
the geography of the location plays an important role and thus the most accessible destinations
are been chosen more by the tourists.
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CONCLUSION
From the above report it is summarized regarding the study of travel and tourism industry
and the milestones achieved in its development as well as in shaping the tourism industry. The
report stated the different elements of travel and tourism industry and their interrelation with
each other. The report also included the various factors and their impact on the tourism
behaviour as well as different motivation factors that influence the consumer decision-making in
travelling activities. Further the report stated the emerging patterns and current trends in the
tourism industry and what are the changes occurring in the recent times. The report concluded by
mentioning several factor affecting the popularity of global destinations by influencing the minds
of travellers.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ateljevic, J. and Li, L., 2017. Tourism entrepreneurship–concepts and issues. In Tourism and
entrepreneurship(pp. 30-53). Routledge.
Bærenholdt and et.al., 2017. Performing tourist places. Routledge.
Becker, E., 2016. Overbooked: The exploding business of travel and tourism. Simon and
Schuster.
Boniface and et.al., 2016. Worldwide destinations: The geography of travel and tourism.
Routledge.
Camilleri, M.A., 2018. the tourism industry: An overview. In Travel marketing, tourism
economics and the airline product (pp. 3-27). Springer, Cham.
Fennell, D.A., 2015. Ethics in tourism. In Education for sustainability in tourism (pp. 45-57).
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Holden, A., 2016. Environment and tourism. Routledge.
Holden, A., 2016. Environment and tourism. Routledge.
Koo and et.al., 2015. The role of IT in tourism. Asia Pacific Journal of Information
Systems. 25(1). pp.99-104.
Laws, E., 2015. Health tourism. Health and the International Tourist (Routledge
Revivals). 199.
Prebensen and et.al., 2018. Creating experience value in tourism. Cabi.
Prebensen and et.al., 2018. Creating experience value in tourism. Cabi.
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