The Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry: Key Milestones, Elements, and Motivation Model

This report discusses the development of the travel and tourism industry, including key milestones and elements that shape it. It also explores the factors that affect tourist behavior and the motivation model that influences consumer decision-making process. The report provides insights into recent trends and patterns in international travel and tourism, as well as the factors that affect the popularity of global destinations.

The Contemporary Travel
and Tourism Industry

Contents
Contents...........................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Discussion of key milestones in development of travel and tourism industry and it shaped
travel and tourism industry..........................................................................................................1
P2. Identify different elements of travel and tourism industry and exploration of their
interrelation in order to create tourist experience........................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P3. Determination of different factors that affect tourism behaviour..........................................3
P4. Explanation of model of motivation and its influence over consumer decision making
process.........................................................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P5 Identify recent and emerging pattern and trends in international travel and tourism industry
.....................................................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P6 Examine the factors that affects the popularity of range of global destination......................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism are one of important industry which is getting continuous growth in market.
This industry provide opportunity to people to take break from their busy life in order to visit to
different places and spending time with their family (Angel, Menéndez-Plans and Orgaz-
Guerrero, 2018). There are different types of activities involved in this industry like
accommodating, entertainment, transportation and others. There are different destinations run by
UNWTO in all over world for entertainment of people. These destinations enhance experience of
customers and also allow them to visit different places. This project report includes discussion of
development of travel and tourism industry and contribution of different factors in order to
develop tourism experience. It also consists different factors that drive behaviour of tourist. It
also consists determination of current patterns and key trends of travel and tourism activities.
Moreover, it investigates factors that contribute to current level of popularity for different global
destinations.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1. Discussion of key milestones in development of travel and tourism industry and it shaped
travel and tourism industry
Travelling refers to people’s movement from different geographical destinations. It is
essential for individual for purpose of analysation of own needs as well as interest in specific
place. It is a industry that provide travelling services to its consumers. Global tourism industry
was developed in the nineteenth century. During this time, travellers travel through taking as
well as riding of domestic animals. This travel industry consists different geographic location
that can be used in order to attract people and also gain their attention.
Tourism industry: It is one of industry that is growing day by day. Before the year 2015, rate of
tourism is less and it does not contribute to economy. This rate of tourism increased in the year
36.1 million in order to attract people to UK (Chi and Han, 2021). This reflect increase in visitors
in compare to 2014. Due to this, government of UK focus on this sector and also introduce
different places like Ancient Stonehenge, Roman Era bath, Wonderful Windsor as tourism place
which are best destinations in UK.
Milestone for development of tourism:
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 Different trade routes have been developed in Shand Dynasty for different locations.
 Grand era of tour has been developed for status symbol of travel on basis of culture
experience of civilised world.
 In order to reach centralised locations of government, development Egyptians travel.
 First group tour in England can be introduced by Thomas Cook.
 Rapid expansion of hotel chain in all over world (Chu, Deng and Cheng, 2020).
Shaping travel and tourism industry:
All these tourism destination and historical places offered by government for tourism
purpose are organised in order to make them ready for visitors. Wonderful Windsor is a place
that is existed at short train ride in west London. It is one of historical building which influence
that crate influence among people and attract number of visitors. It is one of destination that
attract various visitors and also provide contribution for purpose of organisation of economy.
The Tower of London is another destination that is location beside spectacular tower bridge of
River Bank Thames. Through understanding of different needs of participants, UNWTO focus
on development of different destinations as well as on resources that create influence over
passengers. It provides shape to tourism in UK where people are willing to visit different places
and also spend time with their family, friends and other known persons.
P2. Identify different elements of travel and tourism industry and exploration of their
interrelation in order to create tourist experience
Tourism is one of activity that has contribute to globalisation and there is not boundary for this
sector related to political, cultural, ideological and geographical. Tourism was once fragmented
and disparate but with continuous growth in tourism industry, it can be more develop and
mature. There are different tourism including industrial period, dark, modern tourism and
renaissance period (Ergashev and Jabborova, 2021). All these tourisms create influence over
people as well as development of industry. Different elements which are linked with travel and
tourism are mentioned below:
Tourism board: It is an organisation which organised with aim for development and
promotion of tourism activity in a country. It provides statement and structure for travel agency
in order to develop different tourism services that contribute to improve performance. This board
is also responsibility for different destination of that areas in order to attract more tourist there.
For instance, Amazing London, Incredible India and other places.
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Transport service: These services are essential in order to promote and develop tourism
activity in a specific place as these services are provide to tourism to visit one place to another. A
person while travel to a place they want good transportation service for road, air and rail. It is
essential in order to fulfil needs of consumers and also to develop good experience.
Accommodation services: These services are required by tourist for purpose of stay. It is
important for a travel agency to understand their, customer require different service like hotel,
home stay, campsite and holiday park (Gupta, 2019).
Attraction: It is an action as well as power that create interest in someone. It can be
developed by tourism agency through maintaining tourism destination. For instance, Wonderful
Windson is one of castle that offer summer residency for British Royalty and is considered as
tourism attraction.
Conference and events: There are different events and conference are organised by
different country in order to attract tourist in that country. These events can be including Football
championship, World cup, ITB and others.
Marketing and government regulation: It is considered as an important element that
create influence over tourism industry. Marketing is an essential activity that helps to promote
different destination in a country and also increase productivity in that country. Government
regulation is also important component that create influence over people to visit that country.
Tourist: It is one of factors that create impact over travel and tourism activities. This
industry earn money from these tourist. In order to increase profitability of tour and travel
industry, UK government needs to made efforts to increase numbers of tourist. If number of
tourist increase people, it will increase attention of people towards that incident.
Geographic: Geographic is also another important thing as it create impact over people. If
geographic location is attractive enough, it will attract people towards that destination and also
provide them opportunity to earn more and more money.
Environmental: environmental condition is also a factor as a people who has good
environmental condition will attract numbers of tourist and also it provides peace to people for
purpose of overcome of stress they felt in their day to day life.
Interrelation in order to create tourism experience:
There are different elements of tourism that are interlinked in order to create tourism experience
and also attract people. These elements help to travel agency to create good experience for
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tourism (Ketter and Avraham, 2021). According to UNWTO, it can be reflected that tourism is
one of largest industry and sales of it grows with 4.1%. It can be based on different elements that
create experience of people. It also helps a person to overcome of struggle faced by them.
All above mentioned elements create significant impact over experience of customers as a place
with good environmental condition will make a person more relax and stress free. It will enhance
their experience and motivate them to revisit the place. Also government regulation also create
impact over experience of customers. A place with less regulation allow tourist to come to that
county easily and enhance their experience. Geographic location is also one of component that is
essential for purpose of experience of a person.
TASK 2
P3. Determination of different factors that affect tourism behaviour
Travel and tourism is becoming important industry day by day as it is getting growth due
to increasing interest of people in tourism activities. But success of this industry depends on
certain factors that create impact over experience of visitors. Some of these factors that affect
experience of consumer are mentioned below:
Geographic factor: Location of a destination also matters for a customers. There are
different tourist destination in different places in all over world which can be human made or
focused industry. If location of a destination is not that good, then it is difficult to attract tourist
at that place.
Climate condition: It is one of important factor that create impact over travel and tourism
activities. Changing climate also create change in demand of tourism activities at specific place.
As summer season is best to visit beaches, sea areas, waterfall, hill station and other.
Amenities: It consist facilities as well as service require b tourism in order to comfortable stay.
It includes different business activities that are considered with aim to getting more and more
tourist and allow business to earn more profit (Mkono, Hughes and Echentille, 2020).
Advertising: Advertisement as well as promotional channel are important component that
helps a country to attract number of people to visit there. It can be done through sharing
information and details in context of history of destinations.
Push and pull factors: Push factors is one which induce people in order to current locations. For
instance, it is linked to motivation factors in order to visit for different attraction and
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destinations. Pull factors on the other hand consist quality of setting which work as attraction for
specific locations.
External factors: External factors can be considered as factors which are present outside
business and also it create impact over experience of a person. It consist things like purchasing
power of people, their habits of tours and travelling, cultural awareness, government regulation,
technological advancement, environmental condition and legal environment and all create impact
over decision making process of tourist.
Personal factors: There are different elements includes in this factor and create impact over
decision making of customers. It consists health of people, family commitments, known,
disposable income, knowledge, leisure time, availability of tours products. All these things are
consider by a person at time of making decision for travel and tourism activities.
Impact of it over decision making process: All these factors mentioned above create impact
over decision making of tourist. In order to make decision for travel and tourism activities,
individual needs to find out all these factors and if these are favourable of them, they decided to
go for traveling. Income is one of factors as a person who has more disposable income will more
likely to spend over travelling activities in compare to person with less disposable income.
External factors are also considered by them as people does not like to visit country with more
restriction. There are different push and pull factors that also attract to tourist and create impact
over their decision making process.
P4. Explanation of model of motivation and its influence over consumer decision making process
Motivation can be described as driving force which can be used by organisation for purpose of
creating influence over a person. It is important in business for purpose of motivating both
employees and customers. Managers of company motivate employees in order to motivate them
for completion of work whereas they motivate customers for purchasing products and service of
company (Pencarelli, 2020). Attainment of effective motivation in business allow a company to
attain their goals by improving efficiency and also to increase sales of company. There are
different types of theories of motivation like Maslow theory of motivation and others.
Every individual feel some needs that motivate them to purchase products and service in
business. Individua face different types of needs which is to be fulfilled by business. Their
primary needs is related to food, clothing shelter and secondary needs of these people includes
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culture and society. It is responsibility of business to fulfil these needs of employees and
customers.
Maslow theory of needs: It is motivation theory that was introduced by Abraham Maslow in the
year 1940. It is a theory of motivaitn which helps to categorise different needs of a person.
According to this theory, after satisfaction of one theory, a person moves to high level of neds.
Dissatisfaction among customer motivate them to buy products of a company. It consists five
needs which are mentioned below:
Basic needs: It consist physiological need of a person that includes food, shelter, air.
This need is also known as basis and necessity needs of a person. These are essential needs for a
person as it can create impact over their survival.
Safety needs: It is next needs of Maslow as a person move to these needs after satisfaction of
basic needs. Consume move to this need as they want physical safety, stability, security while
using a product. It is important for business to fulfil these needs by providing products that are
safe to customers (Sadeh and Garkaz, 2019).
Social needs: It consist needs that can be fulfilled by a person by after satisfaction of
above needs. A consumer is a social animal who wants to share their feelings and also wants to
discuss things with others. A consumer while purchasing a product, consult with other by taking
their review of using a specific product.
Esteem needs: It is a need that consist prestige, status and self-esteem. In this stage,
consumer wants to reach to above general level in compare to others for mental satisfaction.
Consumer wants to buy some products in order to develop status in society. For business needs
to provide them products that has values in market and also that fulfil prestige needs of
consumers.
Self-actualisation needs: It is one of need that can be satisfied by a person for purpose of
improvement in their achievement. It is essential as it allow them maximum satisfaction in life.
Consumer decision making process:
Consumer decision making process can be described as process that consist five basic
steps. It is a process in which business can evaluate purchasing decision of consumer. It consists
mainly five stages which are mentioned below:
Problem recognition: It is a stage of consumer decision making in which consumer recognise
needs of product. These needs can be prompted through internal or external source. After
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recognition of needs, consumer wants to gather information related to products and service in
order to fulfil wants of products and service (Sarkar and George, 2018). It is one of stage, in
which consumer feel needs of holidays in order to relax and also for spending time for them.
Information search: It is another stage in which consumer research about different
options available in market through different source. For this, consumer is looking for option
from communicating with different people and also through reviewing customer reviews
available on google and other platforms. It is another stage in which consumer search for
information about different destination like Italy, London, Scotland and other destinations.
Alternative evaluation: This stage helps consumer for purpose of developing
prospective for purchase of a product. In this stage, consumer can evaluate different alternatives
in order to select product that provide them various benefits. In this, consumer ask about
experience of their friends about different destination in order to select most appropriate
destination.
Purchase decision: In this stage, consumer select the product that meet to requirement of
customer. On basis of information gather and feedback from different customers, consumer make
decision to purchase a product. In this stage, consumer make purchase decision for travelling for
specific destination (Škare, Soriano and Porada-Rochoń, 2021).
Post purchase evaluation: It is a stage in which both consumer as well as seller reflect
their views about products and service. In this, consumer evaluate products by analysing whether
consumer meet needs of consumer, satisfaction of consumer with products. In this, traveling
experience can be analysed by consumer and they provide feedback to another person.
TASK 3
P5 Identify recent and emerging pattern and trends in international travel and tourism industry
The concept of international travel and tourism is related to provides tourism facilities
across nations boundaries. In current environment, people are prefer visit international
destination for their holidays and it requires valid password, visa, foreign exchange as well as
health documents. Tourism has become popular for global leisure activity. It has been analysed
those 940 million international tourist arrivals that plays important role in growth of tourism
sector.
Recent pattern in travel and tourism
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There are various changes are happened in travelling industries so, it becomes important
to provide services to customers accordingly. Emerging pattern are considered as the frequent
changes that impact the efficiency of industry (Suntikul and Butler, 2018). there are various laws
are introduced by the government for the tourist who visit to foreign destination. It is essential
for the travel and tourism industry to consider emerging trends and take decisions accordingly
that enhances overall performance.
Recent trend in international travel and tourism industry
Spiritual Tourism: Now these days people are mentally disturbed as their lives become
more stressful and competitive. For avoiding this, they are looking for the place that is full of
solace, peace, and meditation which make them feel good. Visitors are selecting spiritual tourism
places so they stay away from the feeling of stress.
Adventure Tourism: Youth is requiring adventures places to explore themselves and
gaining thrilling experience. It is important for the marketing manager of UNWTO to
concentrate of adventures places that attract youth (Treiblmaier and Önder, 2019).
Health Tourism: Now these days, health of people are getting affected by pollution so
they require health care institution that guide them to take medical treatment at affordable prices.
This trend allows tourism industry to enhance their interest in Ayurveda, Naturopathy and yoga.
UNWTO marketing manager need to concentrate towards this trend to provide better health
treatment to people.
MICE tourism: It is defined as the meeting, incentives, conferences as well as
conferences that are conducted in foreign countries. It is important for the marketing
management of global travel and tourism industry to concentrates towards these visitors who
visit foreign country for business purpose.
PEST pattern:
Political factors: Government of different countries has realised importance of tour and
traveling activities as it creates various opportunities. Due to which, there are various changes
occur in regulation of government as government is minimising its regulation in order to attract
number of tourist in their country.
Economic factors: There is increase in disposable income and also trends among people to
invest of leisure activities. It is one of important activities thar create contribution to GDP and
also create employment in a country.
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Social factors: There is change in habit of people as now people also save money to invest of
tour and travelling activities which make them stress free and it create opportunity for tours and
traveling industry.
Technological factors: There are drastic changes occur in technology which creates opportunity
for a person as it allows them for purpose of enhancing experience of tourist and also attract
them in specific location. On basis of it, firm can create impact over their decision-making
process.
TASK 4
P6 Examine the factors that affects the popularity of range of global destination
Now these days, people are preferring to visit global destinations to take good experience
and exploring beautiful places. Tourism industry place important role in providing unique
experience to visitors through proving different destinations options. There are various factors
that impact the popularity of global destinations that are explained below:
Social economical factor: It is related to the accommodation, ancillary services,
accessibilities and amenities that enhances travel and tourism industry to attract visitors towards
specific destination. All these factors impact positively on customer’s mind and enhances value
and popularity of London destination.
Technological factor: There are rapid changes are happened in technological factors that
provide unique and good experience to customers. It is important for the marketing manager of
the international tourism industry to adopt the latest technology that makes tourism destination
more attractive and provide a great experience to visitors.
Environmental factor: Popularity and growth of tourism destination depend on good
climate, beautiful sceneries. Good and pleasant climate with having sunshine attracts number of
tourists of colder region. Visitors who want sunrise, sunset point, fresh water, long sea beaches
all these designations are available in London that enhances its popularity.
Destination life cycle: It is also known as tourist area life cycle that undergoes with
evolutionary cycle of different stages. It is important for purpose of estimating progress of tourist
destination which can be done with numbers of tourist came to that country. Explanation of
different stages of it is mentioned below:
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Exploration stage: It is one of stage where there is limited or few visiting sites and also
with less pubic facilities. It is a beginning of tourist development and also tourist is control due
to ack of access and facilities. But tourist are welcomes by local people as it provides them
source of earning.
Involvement stage: This stage consist interaction among host and guest for purpose of
exchange of service, money and others things. In this stage, numbers of tourist increases in host
destination and demand of better facilities has increase.
Development stage: It is a stage in which numbers of tourist has increase. People also
treat these tourist well in order to get economic benefits. It also provide local to build good
hospitality and leisure service. It also attract outsiders to provide high quality of service to these
tourist.
Consolidation stage: It is a stage that cause various changes at the destination. In this
stage, external came in order to ensure infrastructure development .with mass construction in
country, availability of open space for tourist decrease day by day but still local people has earn
money from visitors. In order to increase tourist, advertisement are also carried by them in order
to attract tourist.
Stagnation stage: It is a stage hat consist very less chance for development and also due
to this, there is less development available. Due to this, original quality of destination has lost
due to which it was attractive first.
Decline: It is a last stage in which destination is unable to compete with newer
destination and also artificial attraction results in declines.
Link between the key drivers of tourist behaviour and the popularity of different tourism
destinations and experiences.
From the above explanation, clear learned that tourism is considered as a most important
part of travelling industry because it makes sure that quality services and experiences is provided
to visitors that attract and satisfy them. Various key drivers of tourism behaviour as well as
popularity of destinations are linked with each other because it influences visitors towards
specific destination.
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CONCLUSION
From above mentioned project report, it can be concluded that travel and tourism is one of
important activities that allow a country to attract number of visitors at different destinations. It
creates various opportunity for a country as these activities contribute to economy of a country
and also create employment opportunity for people living there. Different factors included in this
industry that create impact over behaviour of tourist.
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REFERENCES
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Chi, X. and Han, H., 2021. Emerging rural tourism in China’s current tourism industry and
tourist behaviors: The case of Anji County. Journal of Travel & Tourism
Marketing, 38(1), pp.58-74.
Chu, S.C., Deng, T. and Cheng, H., 2020. The role of social media advertising in hospitality,
tourism and travel: a literature review and research agenda. International Journal of
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Ergashev, R.K. and Jabborova, Z., 2021. THE IMPORTANCE OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY
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Gupta, G., 2019. Inclusive use of digital marketing in tourism industry. In information systems
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Thunberg’s activism and the implications for travel and tourism. Journal of Sustainable
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Tourism Marketing, 36(2), pp.253-267.
Sarkar, S.K. and George, B., 2018. Social media technologies in the tourism industry: An
analysis with special reference to their role in sustainable tourism
development. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 18(4), pp.269-278.
Škare, M., Soriano, D.R. and Porada-Rochoń, M., 2021. Impact of COVID-19 on the travel and
tourism industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, p.120469.
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