This assignment involves four legal issues related to contract law. Issue 1 concerns whether Richard can claim damages from Emma for the loss incurred due to negligent misrepresentation under Australian law. Issue 2 questions whether Richard has liability to pay George an additional 10% based on part payment of debt provisions. Issue 3 examines if a valid contract has been formed between Richard and Tom for the purchase of a car, considering rules relating to offer and acceptance. Issue 4 investigates if a valid contract has been formed between Richard and Martin under rules of past consideration. The assignment draws from various case laws, including Howard Marine v Ogden, Addis v Gramophone, Pinnel's Case, Hyde v Wrench, Lampleigh v Braithwaite, and Re McArdle.